{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:18:01Z","timestamp":1791908281893,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.65089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T11:16:40Z","timestamp":1721647000000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Liver Involvement in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Basrah City, Iraq, Using FibroScan and Correlation With Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Muntadher A","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima J","family":"Kadhum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad S","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12518","article-title":"Assessment of the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic complications","volume":"7","author":"Yan LH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yan LH, Mu B, Guan Y, Liu X, Zhao N, Pan D, Wang SZ. Assessment of the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic complications. J Diabetes Investig. 2016, 7:889-894. 10.1111\/jdi.12518","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.11.010","article-title":"Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Shalimar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shalimar, Elhence A, Bansal B, Gupta H, Anand A, Singh TP, Goel A. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022, 12:818-829. 10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.11.010","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012356","article-title":"Risk factors associated with nonalcohol fatty liver disease and fibrosis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"97","author":"Zhao H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao H, Song X, Li Z, Wang X. Risk factors associated with nonalcohol fatty liver disease and fibrosis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018, 97:e12356. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000012356","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2014.09.001","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic and non-diabetic patients","volume":"3","author":"Goh GB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goh GB, Pagadala MR, Dasarathy J, et al.. Clinical spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. BBA Clin. 2015, 3:141-145. 10.1016\/j.bbacli.2014.09.001","journal-title":"BBA Clin"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jdm.2019.92007","article-title":"Fibroscan of liver in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Kumar NA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar NA, Das S. Fibroscan of liver in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with risk factors. J Diabetes Mellit. 2019, 9:62-68. 10.4236\/jdm.2019.92007","journal-title":"J Diabetes Mellit"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2743-5","article-title":"Predictors of all-cause mortality and liver-related mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"58","author":"Stepanova M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stepanova M, Rafiq N, Makhlouf H, et al.. Predictors of all-cause mortality and liver-related mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dig Dis Sci. 2013, 58:3017-3023. 10.1007\/s10620-013-2743-5","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0704-y","article-title":"Noninvasive scoring systems in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with normal alanine aminotransferase levels","volume":"48","author":"Yoneda M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoneda M, Imajo K, Eguchi Y, et al.. Noninvasive scoring systems in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with normal alanine aminotransferase levels. J Gastroenterol. 2013, 48:1051-1060. 10.1007\/s00535-012-0704-y","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112521","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in Abha city, South Western Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Alsabaani AA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alsabaani AA, Mahfouz AA, Awadalla NJ, Musa MJ, Al Humayed SM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in Abha city, South Western Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018, 15:2521. 10.3390\/ijerph15112521","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001461","article-title":"Fibroscan and low-density lipoprotein as determinants of severe liver fibrosis in diabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Jaafar RF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jaafar RF, Hajj Ali AM, Zaghal AM, et al.. Fibroscan and low-density lipoprotein as determinants of severe liver fibrosis in diabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019, 31:1540-1544. 10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001461","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/ghoa.2014.01.00021","article-title":"Assessment of transient elastography (FibroScan) for diagnosis of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"7","author":"Hashemi SA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hashemi SA, Alavian SM, Gholami-Fesharaki M. Assessment of transient elastography (FibroScan) for diagnosis of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Caspian J Intern Med. 2016, 7:242-252. 10.15406\/ghoa.2014.01.00021","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28843","article-title":"Improved noninvasive prediction of liver fibrosis by liver stiffness measurement in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accounting for controlled attenuation parameter values","volume":"65","author":"Petta S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petta S, Wong VW, Camm\u00e0 C, et al.. Improved noninvasive prediction of liver fibrosis by liver stiffness measurement in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accounting for controlled attenuation parameter values. Hepatology. 2017, 65:1145-1155. 10.1002\/hep.28843","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00079.2013","article-title":"Diet-induced mouse model of fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis reflecting clinical disease progression and methods of assessment","volume":"305","author":"Clapper JR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clapper JR, Hendricks MD, Gu G, et al.. Diet-induced mouse model of fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis reflecting clinical disease progression and methods of assessment. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2013, 305:G483-G495. 10.1152\/ajpgi.00079.2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.4171","article-title":"Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 is reduced and IRS-2 is the main docking protein for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in adipocytes from subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"94","author":"Rondinone CM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rondinone CM, Wang LM, Lonnroth P, Wesslau C, Pierce JH, Smith U. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 is reduced and IRS-2 is the main docking protein for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in adipocytes from subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997, 94:4171-4175. 10.1073\/pnas.94.8.4171","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2020.06.006","article-title":"Diabetes, and its treatment, as an effector of autonomic nervous system circuits and its functions","volume":"54","author":"Espinoza L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Espinoza L, Boychuk CR. Diabetes, and its treatment, as an effector of autonomic nervous system circuits and its functions. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2020, 54:18-26. 10.1016\/j.coph.2020.06.006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246333","article-title":"Altered metabolic profile and adipocyte insulin resistance mark severe liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Gaggini M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gaggini M, Carli F, Rosso C, Younes R, D'Aurizio R, Bugianesi E, Gastaldelli A. Altered metabolic profile and adipocyte insulin resistance mark severe liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2019, 16:6333. 10.3390\/ijms20246333","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_79_18","article-title":"Hepatogenous diabetes: an underestimated problem of liver cirrhosis","volume":"22","author":"Kumar R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar R. Hepatogenous diabetes: an underestimated problem of liver cirrhosis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018, 22:552-559. 10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_79_18","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.036","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"156","author":"Castera L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Castera L, Friedrich-Rust M, Loomba R. Noninvasive assessment of liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2019, 156:1264.e4-1281.e4. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.036","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.01.010","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"65","author":"Zoller H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zoller H, Tilg H. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolism. 2016, 65:1151-1160. 10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.01.010","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study","volume":"140","author":"Williams CD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williams CD, Stengel J, Asike MI, et al.. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study. Gastroenterology. 2011, 140:124-131. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.027","article-title":"Fibrosis stage but not NASH predicts mortality and time to development of severe liver disease in biopsy-proven NAFLD","volume":"67","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hagstr\u00f6m H, Nasr P, Ekstedt M, Hammar U, St\u00e5l P, Hultcrantz R, Kechagias S. Fibrosis stage but not NASH predicts mortality and time to development of severe liver disease in biopsy-proven NAFLD. J Hepatol. 2017, 67:1265-1273. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.027","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.01.005","article-title":"Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with QTc interval in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Targher G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Targher G, Valbusa F, Bonapace S, et al.. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with QTc interval in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014, 24:663-669. 10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.01.005","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.4537","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism","volume":"4","author":"Gregson J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gregson J, Kaptoge S, Bolton T, et al.. Cardiovascular risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism. JAMA Cardiol. 2019, 4:163-173. 10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.4537","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14978","article-title":"Liver stiffness measurement in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: two is better than one","volume":"35","author":"Chuah KH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chuah KH, Lai LL, Vethakkan SR, Nik Mustapha NR, Mahadeva S, Chan WK. Liver stiffness measurement in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: two is better than one. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020, 35:1404-1411. 10.1111\/jgh.14978","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1794","article-title":"Definition of healthy ranges for alanine aminotransferase levels: a 2021 update","volume":"5","author":"Valenti L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valenti L, Pelusi S, Bianco C, et al.. Definition of healthy ranges for alanine aminotransferase levels: a 2021 update. Hepatol Commun. 2021, 5:1824-1832. 10.1002\/hep4.1794","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.004","article-title":"Systematic review for the 2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"73","author":"Wilson PW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilson PW, Polonsky TS, Miedema MD, Khera A, Kosinski AS, Kuvin JT. Systematic review for the 2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019, 73:3210-3227. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.16414","article-title":"Estimation of liver fat by FibroScan in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Shrestha R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shrestha R, Kc S, Thapa P, Pokharel A, Karki N, Jaishi B. Estimation of liver fat by FibroScan in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cureus. 2021, 13:e16414. 10.7759\/cureus.16414","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14577","article-title":"Screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using transient elastography","volume":"34","author":"Lai LL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lai LL, Wan Yusoff WN, Vethakkan SR, Nik Mustapha NR, Mahadeva S, Chan WK. Screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using transient elastography. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019, 34:1396-1403. 10.1111\/jgh.14577","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14734","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a risk factor for progression of liver fibrosis in middle-aged patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"34","author":"Tada T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tada T, Toyoda H, Sone Y, Yasuda S, Miyake N, Kumada T, Tanaka J. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a risk factor for progression of liver fibrosis in middle-aged patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019, 34:2011-2018. 10.1111\/jgh.14734","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01790-w","article-title":"Normalization of \u03b3-glutamyl transferase levels is associated with better metabolic control in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Ma Q","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma Q, Liao X, Shao C, et al.. Normalization of \u03b3-glutamyl transferase levels is associated with better metabolic control in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2021, 21:215. 10.1186\/s12876-021-01790-w","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004293","article-title":"Association of blood pressure level with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonhypertensive population: normal is not the new normal","volume":"95","author":"Qian LY","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qian LY, Tu JF, Ding YH, Pang J, Che XD, Zou H, Huang DS. Association of blood pressure level with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonhypertensive population: normal is not the new normal. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016, 95:e4293. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000004293","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/261539-assessment-of-liver-involvement-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-basrah-city-iraq-using-fibroscan-and-correlation-with-risk-factors","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T11:16:43Z","timestamp":1721647003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/261539-assessment-of-liver-involvement-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-basrah-city-iraq-using-fibroscan-and-correlation-with-risk-factors"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.65089","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]}}}