{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:16:43Z","timestamp":1762460203963},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.66054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T08:34:52Z","timestamp":1722674092000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Different Rotary Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Files After Autoclaving: An Atomic Force Microscopic Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Alex","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranjith Kumar","family":"Sivarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.54310","article-title":"The Influence of Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) Rotary Instrument Systems on Debris and Smear Layer Formation in Endodontic Procedures: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy Study","volume":"16","author":"Mali S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mali S, Patil A, Sharma D, Jaiswal H, Saoji HA, Sinha A, Singh R. The Influence of Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) Rotary Instrument Systems on Debris and Smear Layer Formation in Endodontic Procedures: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. Cureus. 2024, 16:e54310. 10.7759\/cureus.54310","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000129039.59003.9d","article-title":"Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root canal systems: a review","volume":"30","author":"Peters OA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peters OA. Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root canal systems: a review. J Endod. 2004, 30:559-67. 10.1097\/01.don.0000129039.59003.9d","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01147.x","article-title":"Effect of heat sterilization on surface characteristics and microstructure of Mani NRT rotary nickel-titanium instruments","volume":"39","author":"Alexandrou G","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alexandrou G, Chrissafis K, Vasiliadis L, Pavlidou E, Polychroniadis EK. Effect of heat sterilization on surface characteristics and microstructure of Mani NRT rotary nickel-titanium instruments. Int Endod J. 2006, 39:770-8. 10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01147.x","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2003.00630.x","article-title":"Factors influencing the fracture of nickel-titanium rotary instruments","volume":"36","author":"Mart\u00edn B","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn B, Zelada G, Varela P, Bahillo JG, Mag\u00e1n F, Ahn S, Rodr\u00edguez C. Factors influencing the fracture of nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Int Endod J. 2003, 36:262-6. 10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2003.00630.x","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(97)80250-6","article-title":"Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments","volume":"23","author":"Pruett JP","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pruett JP, Clement DJ, Carnes Jr DL. Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1997, 23:77-85. 10.1016\/S0099-2399(97)80250-6","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.05.023","article-title":"Comparison of alterations in the surface topographies of HyFlex CM and HyFlex EDM nickel-titanium files after root canal preparation: a three - dimensional optical profilometry study","volume":"44","author":"Uslu G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uslu G, \u00d6zy\u00fcrek T, Y\u0131lmaz K. Comparison of alterations in the surface topographies of HyFlex CM and HyFlex EDM nickel-titanium files after root canal preparation: a three - dimensional optical profilometry study. J Endod. 2018, 44:115-9. 10.1016\/j.joen.2017.05.023","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.02.028","article-title":"Multiple autoclave cycles affect the surface of rotary nickel-titanium files: an atomic force microscopy study","volume":"34","author":"Valois CR","year":"2008","unstructured":"Valois CR, Silva LP, Azevedo RB. Multiple autoclave cycles affect the surface of rotary nickel-titanium files: an atomic force microscopy study. J Endod. 2008, 34:859-62. 10.1016\/j.joen.2008.02.028","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Shaping canals with confidence: WaveOne GOLD single-file reciprocating system","volume":"1","author":"Webber J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Webber J. Shaping canals with confidence: WaveOne GOLD single-file reciprocating system. Roots. 2015, 1:34 -40.","journal-title":"Roots"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000164132.27285.2c","article-title":"Atomic force microscopy study of stainless-steel and nickel-titanium files","volume":"31","author":"Valois CR","year":"2005","unstructured":"Valois CR, Silva LP, Azevedo RB. Atomic force microscopy study of stainless-steel and nickel-titanium files. J Endod. 2005, 31:882-5. 10.1097\/01.don.0000164132.27285.2c","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.21039","article-title":"Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy comparisons of two nickel-titanium rotary root canal instruments used with reciprocating motion","volume":"35","author":"Kim HC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim HC, Hwang YJ, Jung DW, You SY, Kim HC, Lee W. Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy comparisons of two nickel-titanium rotary root canal instruments used with reciprocating motion. Scanning. 2013, 35:112-8. 10.1002\/sca.21039","journal-title":"Scanning"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53506","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the incidence of dentin microcracks following biomechanical preparation using four different nickel-titanium rotary file systems: an in vitro study","volume":"16","author":"Mariyam R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mariyam R, Khurana NS, Mann JS, Sidhu HS, A S, Mohan M. Comparative evaluation of the incidence of dentin microcracks following biomechanical preparation using four different nickel-titanium rotary file systems: an in vitro study. Cureus. 2024, 16:e53506. 10.7759\/cureus.53506","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2003.00628.x","article-title":"ProTaper rotary root canal preparation: assessment of torque and force in relation to canal anatomy","volume":"36","author":"Peters OA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peters OA, Peters CI, Sch\u00f6nenberger K, Barbakow F. ProTaper rotary root canal preparation: assessment of torque and force in relation to canal anatomy. Int Endod J. 2003, 36:93-9. 10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2003.00628.x","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200310000-00014","article-title":"Scanning electron microscope observations of new and used nickel-titanium rotary files","volume":"29","author":"Alapati SB","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alapati SB, Brantley WA, Svec TA, Powers JM, Mitchell JC. Scanning electron microscope observations of new and used nickel-titanium rotary files. J Endod. 2003, 29:667-9. 10.1097\/00004770-200310000-00014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000132301.87637.4a","article-title":"SEM observations of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments that fractured during clinical Use","volume":"31","author":"Alapati SB","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alapati SB, Brantley WA, Svec TA, Powers JM, Nusstein JM, Daehn GS. SEM observations of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments that fractured during clinical Use. J Endod. 2005, 31:40-3. 10.1097\/01.don.0000132301.87637.4a","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(99)80289-1","article-title":"Wear of nickel -titanium lightspeed instruments evaluated by scanning electron microscopy","volume":"25","author":"Eggert C","year":"1999","unstructured":"Eggert C, Peters O, Barbakow F. Wear of nickel -titanium lightspeed instruments evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. J Endod. 1999, 25:494-7. 10.1016\/S0099-2399(99)80289-1","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1079-2104(99)70040-5","article-title":"Effect of sterilization on the cutting efficiency of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic files","volume":"88","author":"Rapisardaa E","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rapisardaa E, Bonaccorsob A, Tripib TR, Condorellic GG. Effect of sterilization on the cutting efficiency of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic files. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999, 88:343-7. 10.1016\/s1079-2104(99)70040-5","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12707","article-title":"A new method for the assessment of the surface topography of NiTi rotary instruments","volume":"50","author":"Ferreira F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferreira F, Barbosa I, Scelza P, Russano D, Neff J, Montagnana M, Zaccaro Scelza M. A new method for the assessment of the surface topography of NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J. 2017, 50:902-9. 10.1111\/iej.12707","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.54049","article-title":"Analysis of surface characteristics of protaper universal and protaper next instruments by scanning electron microscopy","volume":"9","author":"Bennett J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bennett J, Chung KH, Fong H, Johnson J, Paranjpe A. Analysis of surface characteristics of protaper universal and protaper next instruments by scanning electron microscopy. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017, 9:e879-85. 10.4317\/jced.54049","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2001.00373.x","article-title":"Effects of four Ni-Ti preparation techniques on root canal geometry assessed by micro computed tomography","volume":"34","author":"Peters OA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peters OA, Sch\u00f6nenberger K, Laib A. Effects of four Ni-Ti preparation techniques on root canal geometry assessed by micro computed tomography. Int Endod J. 2001, 34:221-30. 10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2001.00373.x","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200101000-00001","article-title":"Changes in root canal geometry after preparation assessed by high-resolution computed tomography","volume":"27","author":"Peters OA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peters OA, Laib A, G\u00f6hring TN, Barbakow F. Changes in root canal geometry after preparation assessed by high-resolution computed tomography. J Endod. 2001, 27:1-6. 10.1097\/00004770-200101000-00001","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(99)80148-4","article-title":"Endodontic complications of root canal therapy performed by dental students with stainless-steel K- files and nickel-titanium hand files","volume":"25","author":"Pettiette MT","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pettiette MT, Metzger Z, Phillips C, Trope M. Endodontic complications of root canal therapy performed by dental students with stainless-steel K- files and nickel-titanium hand files. J Endod. 1999, 25:230-4. 10.1016\/S0099-2399(99)80148-4","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0099-2399(88)80196-1","article-title":"An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files","volume":"14","author":"Walia H","year":"1988","unstructured":"Walia H, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988, 14:346-51. 10.1016\/s0099-2399(88)80196-1","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Torsional ductility and cutting efficiency of the Nitinol file","volume":"15","author":"Walia H","year":"1989","unstructured":"Walia H, Costas J, Brantley W, Gerstein H. Torsional ductility and cutting efficiency of the Nitinol file. J Endod. 1989, 15:174.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Nickel-titanium instruments","volume":"52","author":"Serene TP","year":"1995","unstructured":"Serene TP. Nickel-titanium instruments. Applications in endodontics. 1995, 52:60-5.","journal-title":"Applications in endodontics"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2382-5","article-title":"Effect of multiple autoclave cycles on the surface roughness of HyFlex CM and HyFlex EDM files: an atomic force microscopy study","volume":"22","author":"Y\u0131lmaz K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Y\u0131lmaz K, Uslu G, \u00d6zy\u00fcrek T. Effect of multiple autoclave cycles on the surface roughness of HyFlex CM and HyFlex EDM files: an atomic force microscopy study. Clin Oral Investig. 2018, 22:2975-80. 10.1007\/s00784-018-2382-5","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718469","article-title":"Impact of endodontic instrumentation on surface roughness of various nickel-titanium rotary files","volume":"15","author":"Zafar MS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zafar MS. Impact of endodontic instrumentation on surface roughness of various nickel-titanium rotary files. Eur J Dent. 2021, 15:273-80. 10.1055\/s-0040-1718469","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265226","article-title":"New heat-treated vs electropolished nickel-titanium instruments used in root canal treatment: influence of autoclave sterilization on surface roughness","volume":"17","author":"Almohareb RA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almohareb RA, Barakat R, Albohairy F. New heat-treated vs electropolished nickel-titanium instruments used in root canal treatment: influence of autoclave sterilization on surface roughness. PLoS One. 2022, 17:e0265226. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0265226","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2018.43.e10","article-title":"The effect of root canal preparation on the surface roughness of WaveOne and WaveOne Gold files: atomic force microscopy study","volume":"43","author":"\u00d6zy\u00fcrek T","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u00d6zy\u00fcrek T, Y\u0131lmaz K, Uslu G, Plotino G. The effect of root canal preparation on the surface roughness of WaveOne and WaveOne Gold files: atomic force microscopy study. Restor Dent Endod. 2018, 43:e10. 10.5395\/rde.2018.43.e10","journal-title":"Restor Dent Endod"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0074","article-title":"Noncontact three-dimensional evaluation of surface alterations and wear in NiTi endodontic instruments","volume":"31","author":"Ferreira FG","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferreira FG, Barbosa IB, Scelza P, Montagnana MB, Russano D, Neff J, Scelza MZ. Noncontact three-dimensional evaluation of surface alterations and wear in NiTi endodontic instruments. Braz Oral Res. 2017, 31:e74. 10.1590\/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0074","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/271675-comparative-evaluation-of-surface-roughness-of-different-rotary-nickel-titanium-niti-files-after-autoclaving-an-atomic-force-microscopic-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T08:34:56Z","timestamp":1722674096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/271675-comparative-evaluation-of-surface-roughness-of-different-rotary-nickel-titanium-niti-files-after-autoclaving-an-atomic-force-microscopic-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.66054","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]}}}