{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T14:47:37Z","timestamp":1760453257955},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.67602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T15:54:22Z","timestamp":1724428462000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["John Snow: The Pioneer of Modern Epidemiology and Anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Christos S","family":"Avdulla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ntaniela","family":"Tachirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Cholera, chloroform, and the science of medicine : a life of John Snow","author":"Vinten-Johansen P","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vinten-Johansen P, Brody H, Paneth N, Rachman S, Rip M. Cholera, chloroform, and the science of medicine : a life of John Snow. Oxford University Press,  New York; 2003."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Happy 205th Birthday to John Snow. (2018). Accessed. June 26, 2024: https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/2018\/03\/15\/happy-205th-birthday-to-john-snow\/."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/24.4.267","article-title":"John Snow, M.D., a representative of medical science and art of the Victorian era","volume":"24","author":"RI BW","year":"1952","unstructured":"RI BW. John Snow, M.D., a representative of medical science and art of the Victorian era. Br J Anaesth. 1952, 24:267-91. 10.1093\/bja\/24.4.267","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2006.11928120","article-title":"John Snow, MD: anaesthetist to the Queen of England and pioneer epidemiologist","volume":"19","author":"Ramsay MA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ramsay MA. John Snow, MD: anaesthetist to the Queen of England and pioneer epidemiologist. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2006, 19:24-8. 10.1080\/08998280.2006.11928120","journal-title":"Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. John Snow. (2024). Accessed. June 25, 2024: https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-Snow-British-physician."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"The John Snow Archive and Research Companion. Home. Accessed. June 26, 2024: https:\/\/johnsnow.matrix.msu.edu\/index.php."},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"On the inhalation of the vapour of Ether in surgical operations: containing a description of the various stages of etherization and a statement of the result of nearly eighty operations in which ether has been employed in St. George\u2019s and University","author":"Snow J","year":"1847","unstructured":"Snow J. On the inhalation of the vapour of Ether in surgical operations: containing a description of the various stages of etherization and a statement of the result of nearly eighty operations in which ether has been employed in St. George\u2019s and University. J Churchill, London, UK; 1847."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/27.2.105","article-title":"On chloroform and other anaesthetics: their action and administration","volume":"27","author":"Snow J","year":"1955","unstructured":"Snow J. On chloroform and other anaesthetics: their action and administration. Br J Anaesth. 1955, 27:150-5.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200001000-00037","article-title":"John Snow's practice of obstetric anesthesia","volume":"92","author":"Caton D","year":"2000","unstructured":"Caton D. John Snow's practice of obstetric anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2000, 92:247-52. 10.1097\/00000542-200001000-00037","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.070357","article-title":"The ghost map","volume":"13","author":"Frerichs RR","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frerichs RR. The ghost map. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007, 13:1134. 10.3201\/eid1307.070357","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)60978-2","article-title":"John Snow: the making of a hero?","volume":"372","author":"Snow SJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Snow SJ. John Snow: the making of a hero?. Lancet. 2008, 372:22-3. 10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)60978-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.53.5.846-b","article-title":"The cholera years. The United States in 1832, 1849 and 1866","volume":"53","author":"Rosen G","year":"1963","unstructured":"Rosen G. The cholera years. The United States in 1832, 1849 and 1866. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1963, 53:846.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Nations Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02442-9","article-title":"Map-making and myth-making in Broad Street: the London cholera epidemic, 1854","volume":"356","author":"Brody H","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brody H, Rip MR, Vinten-Johansen P, Paneth N, Rachman S. Map-making and myth-making in Broad Street: the London cholera epidemic, 1854. Lancet. 2000, 356:64-8. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02442-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01593177","article-title":"The changing assessments of John Snow's and William Farr's cholera studies","volume":"46","author":"Eyler JM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eyler JM. The changing assessments of John Snow's and William Farr's cholera studies. Soz Praventivmed. 2001, 46:225-32. 10.1007\/BF01593177","journal-title":"Soz Praventivmed"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Welcome to the John Snow Society. (2024). Accessed. June 28, 2024: http:\/\/www.johnsnowsociety.org\/ ."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. (2024). Accessed. June 28, 2024: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/emergencies\/situations\/covid-19 ."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2020.1793698","article-title":"Chasing John Snow: data analytics in the COVID-19 era","volume":"29","author":"Pietz J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pietz J, McCoy S, Wilck JH. Chasing John Snow: data analytics in the COVID-19 era. Eur J Inf Syst. 2020, 29:388-404. 10.1080\/0960085X.2020.1793698","journal-title":"Eur J Inf Syst"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"On the mode of communication of cholera","volume":"1","author":"Snow J","year":"1856","unstructured":"Snow J. On the mode of communication of cholera. Edinb Med J. 1856, 1:668-70.","journal-title":"Edinb Med J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/287290-john-snow-the-pioneer-of-modern-epidemiology-and-anesthesia","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T15:54:29Z","timestamp":1724428469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/287290-john-snow-the-pioneer-of-modern-epidemiology-and-anesthesia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.67602","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]}}}