{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]],"date-time":"2024-08-25T00:20:10Z","timestamp":1724545210465},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.67646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T06:44:55Z","timestamp":1724481895000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Cathelicidin and 8-Isoprostane Levels Among Smokeless Tobacco Users and Non-users and Their Correlation With Periodontal Health and Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mugdha V","family":"Karambelkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siddhartha","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Suragimath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameer A","family":"Zope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vaishali S","family":"Mashalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apurva V","family":"Kale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.895537","article-title":"The oral microbiota: community composition, influencing factors, pathogenesis, and interventions","volume":"13","author":"Li X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Liu Y, Yang X, Li C, Song Z. The oral microbiota: community composition, influencing factors, pathogenesis, and interventions. Front Microbiol. 2022, 13:895537. 10.3389\/fmicb.2022.895537","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3785","article-title":"Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Hajishengallis G","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hajishengallis G. Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015, 15:30-44. 10.1038\/nri3785","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2013.8","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontitis","volume":"15","author":"Yucel-Lindberg T","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yucel-Lindberg T, B\u00e5ge T. Inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2013, 15:e7. 10.1017\/erm.2013.8","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2015.10.018","article-title":"Does smoking affect gingival crevicular fluid LL-37 levels following non-surgical periodontal treatment in chronic periodontitis?","volume":"61","author":"T\u00fcrko\u011flu O","year":"2016","unstructured":"T\u00fcrko\u011flu O, Eren G, Emingil G, Azars\u0131z E, Kutukculer N, Atilla G. Does smoking affect gingival crevicular fluid LL-37 levels following non-surgical periodontal treatment in chronic periodontitis?. Arch Oral Biol. 2016, 61:98-105. 10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2015.10.018","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053302","article-title":"Global burden of all-cause and cause-specific mortality due to smokeless tobacco use: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Sinha DN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sinha DN, Suliankatchi RA, Gupta PC, Thamarangsi T, Agarwal N, Parascandola M, Mehrotra R. Global burden of all-cause and cause-specific mortality due to smokeless tobacco use: systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Control. 2018, 27:35-42. 10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053302","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03902-w","article-title":"Extensive comparison of salivary collection, transportation, preparation, and storage methods: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Mortazavi H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mortazavi H, Yousefi-Koma AA, Yousefi-Koma H. Extensive comparison of salivary collection, transportation, preparation, and storage methods: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2024, 24:168. 10.1186\/s12903-024-03902-w","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.25146","article-title":"Compliance with saliva collection protocol in healthy volunteers: strategies for managing risk and errors","volume":"15","author":"Bhattarai KR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhattarai KR, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Compliance with saliva collection protocol in healthy volunteers: strategies for managing risk and errors. Int J Med Sci. 2018, 15:823-31. 10.7150\/ijms.25146","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18343.x","article-title":"Methods for collecting saliva","volume":"694","author":"Navazesh M","year":"1993","unstructured":"Navazesh M. Methods for collecting saliva. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993, 694:72-7. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18343.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-15-S1-S6","article-title":"Defining periodontal health","volume":"15","author":"Mariotti A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mariotti A, Hefti AF. Defining periodontal health. BMC Oral Health. 2015, 15:S6. 10.1186\/1472-6831-15-S1-S6","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12002","article-title":"Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease","volume":"64","author":"Cekici A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cekici A, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2014, 64:57-80. 10.1111\/prd.12002","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.162","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory burden and local inflammation in periodontitis: what is the link between inflammatory biomarkers in serum and gingival crevicular fluid?","volume":"5","author":"Zekeridou A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zekeridou A, Mombelli A, Cancela J, Courvoisier D, Giannopoulou C. Systemic inflammatory burden and local inflammation in periodontitis: what is the link between inflammatory biomarkers in serum and gingival crevicular fluid?. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2019, 5:128-35. 10.1002\/cre2.162","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dent Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10100838","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of oral fluids biomarker profile to determine the current and future status of periodontal and peri-Implant diseases","volume":"10","author":"Gul SS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gul SS, Abdulkareem AA, Sha AM, Rawlinson A. Diagnostic accuracy of oral fluids biomarker profile to determine the current and future status of periodontal and peri-Implant diseases. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020, 10:838. 10.3390\/diagnostics10100838","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12380","article-title":"Frailty, aging, and periodontal disease: basic biologic considerations","volume":"87","author":"Clark D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clark D, Kotronia E, Ramsay SE. Frailty, aging, and periodontal disease: basic biologic considerations. Periodontol 2000. 2021, 87:143-56. 10.1111\/prd.12380","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60094-7","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of the role of age and sex in outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy at a single academic dental center","volume":"14","author":"Angelov N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Angelov N, Soldatos N, Ioannidou E, et al.. A retrospective analysis of the role of age and sex in outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy at a single academic dental center. Sci Rep. 2024, 14:9504. 10.1038\/s41598-024-60094-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/22160.8700","article-title":"Assessment of periodontal health status in smokers and smokeless tobacco users: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Katuri KK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Katuri KK, Alluri JK, Chintagunta C, et al.. Assessment of periodontal health status in smokers and smokeless tobacco users: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016, 10:ZC143-6. 10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/22160.8700","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_439_18","article-title":"Effect of gutkha chewing on periodontal health and oral hygiene of peoples in Delhi NCR region of North India: a cross-sectional multicentered study","volume":"8","author":"Verma SK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verma SK, Kumar BD, Singh S, et al.. Effect of gutkha chewing on periodontal health and oral hygiene of peoples in Delhi NCR region of North India: a cross-sectional multicentered study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019, 8:564-7. 10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_439_18","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJDS.IJDS_1_21","article-title":"Evolution of indices in the screening of periodontal diseases: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Bangera D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bangera D, Vishwanathan K, Sreedharan J, Natarajan PM. Evolution of indices in the screening of periodontal diseases: a narrative review. Indian J Dent Res. 2022, 14:45-50. 10.4103\/IJDS.IJDS_1_21","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Effect of smoking and tobacco chewing on periodontal disease and non-surgical treatment outcome: a clinical and biochemical study","volume":"20","author":"Mittal S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mittal S, Dani N, Abullais SS, Al-Qahtani NA, Shah K. Effect of smoking and tobacco chewing on periodontal disease and non-surgical treatment outcome: a clinical and biochemical study. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2017, 20:12-8.","journal-title":"J Int Acad Periodontol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04531-9","article-title":"Evaluation of periodontal indices among non-smokers, tobacco, and e-cigarette smokers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Pesce P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pesce P, Menini M, Ugo G, Bagnasco F, Dioguardi M, Troiano G. Evaluation of periodontal indices among non-smokers, tobacco, and e-cigarette smokers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Invest. 2022, 26:4701-14. 10.1007\/s00784-022-04531-9","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_717_18","article-title":"Correlation of periodontal parameters to various types of smokeless tobacco in tobacco pouch keratosis patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Bhandarkar GP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhandarkar GP, Shetty KV, Ashaya, Jha K, Arati K, Thomas T. Correlation of periodontal parameters to various types of smokeless tobacco in tobacco pouch keratosis patients: a cross-sectional study. J Cancer Res Ther. 2020, 16:463-9. 10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_717_18","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01416-3","article-title":"Current status of periodontitis and its association with tobacco use amongst adult population of Sunsari district, in Nepal","volume":"21","author":"Goel K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goel K, Sharma S, Baral DD, Agrawal SK. Current status of periodontitis and its association with tobacco use amongst adult population of Sunsari district, in Nepal. BMC Oral Health. 2021, 21:66. 10.1186\/s12903-021-01416-3","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Cathelicidin (hCAP-18\/LL-37) levels in chronic periodontitis subjects with smokeless tobacco products (STP) consumption","volume":"9","author":"Kotecha AK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kotecha AK, Kalburgi NB, Koregol AC, Pehalajani JK. Cathelicidin (hCAP-18\/LL-37) levels in chronic periodontitis subjects with smokeless tobacco products (STP) consumption. Int J Curr Res. 2017, 9:45047-51.","journal-title":"Int J Curr Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox4030577","article-title":"Periodontal disease-induced atherosclerosis and oxidative stress","volume":"4","author":"Kurita-Ochiai T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kurita-Ochiai T, Jia R, Cai Y, Yamaguchi Y, Yamamoto M. Periodontal disease-induced atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. Antioxidants (Basel). 2015, 4:577-90. 10.3390\/antiox4030577","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.008","article-title":"Elevated plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2\u03b1 levels in human smokers originate primarily from enzymatic instead of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation","volume":"115","author":"van 't Erve TJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"van 't Erve TJ, Lih FB, Kadiiska MB, Deterding LJ, Mason RP. Elevated plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2\u03b1 levels in human smokers originate primarily from enzymatic instead of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018, 115:105-12. 10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.008","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9060491","article-title":"Cathelicidin modulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching through ROS\/IL-6 pathway","volume":"9","author":"Dong X","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong X, Wu D, Zhang Y, Jia L, Pan X, Sun J, Pan LL. Cathelicidin modulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching through ROS\/IL-6 pathway. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020, 9:491. 10.3390\/antiox9060491","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/273196-comparative-evaluation-of-salivary-cathelicidin-and-8-isoprostane-levels-among-smokeless-tobacco-users-and-non-users-and-their-correlation-with-periodontal-health-and-disease-a-cross-sectional-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T06:44:59Z","timestamp":1724481899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/273196-comparative-evaluation-of-salivary-cathelicidin-and-8-isoprostane-levels-among-smokeless-tobacco-users-and-non-users-and-their-correlation-with-periodontal-health-and-disease-a-cross-sectional-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.67646","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]}}}