{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T13:31:50Z","timestamp":1776951110375,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.67666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T13:43:55Z","timestamp":1724507035000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the Spectrum of Electrolyte Imbalances in Preeclampsia: Mechanisms, Implications, and Clinical Insights"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dharmesh  J","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Pajai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S20181","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"7","author":"Uzan J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uzan J, Carbonnel M, Piconne O, Asmar R, Ayoubi JM. Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011, 7:467-74. 10.2147\/VHRM.S20181","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2018.10.011","article-title":"Preeclampsia: disease biology and burden, its management strategies with reference to India","volume":"15","author":"Malik A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Malik A, Jee B, Gupta SK. Preeclampsia: disease biology and burden, its management strategies with reference to India. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2019, 15:23-31. 10.1016\/j.preghy.2018.10.011","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-009-8423-9","article-title":"The role of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in pre-eclampsia","volume":"133","author":"Jain S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jain S, Sharma P, Kulshreshtha S, Mohan G, Singh S. The role of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in pre-eclampsia. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010, 133:162-70. 10.1007\/s12011-009-8423-9","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0624-y","article-title":"Association between adverse pregnancy outcome and imbalance in angiogenic regulators and oxidative stress biomarkers in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia","volume":"15","author":"Turpin CA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turpin CA, Sakyi SA, Owiredu WK, Ephraim RK, Anto EO. Association between adverse pregnancy outcome and imbalance in angiogenic regulators and oxidative stress biomarkers in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015, 15:189. 10.1186\/s12884-015-0624-y","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000024411.22110.aa","article-title":"Hypoxia-reoxygenation: a potent inducer of apoptotic changes in the human placenta and possible etiological factor in preeclampsia","volume":"90","author":"Hung TH","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hung TH, Skepper JN, Charnock-Jones DS, Burton GJ. Hypoxia-reoxygenation: a potent inducer of apoptotic changes in the human placenta and possible etiological factor in preeclampsia. Circ Res. 2002, 90:1274-81. 10.1161\/01.res.0000024411.22110.aa","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.142273","article-title":"Placental hypoxia during early pregnancy causes maternal hypertension and placental insufficiency in the hypoxic guinea pig model","volume":"95","author":"Thompson LP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thompson LP, Pence L, Pinkas G, Song H, Telugu BP. Placental hypoxia during early pregnancy causes maternal hypertension and placental insufficiency in the hypoxic guinea pig model. Biol Reprod. 2016, 95:128. 10.1095\/biolreprod.116.142273","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.014977","article-title":"Endovascular trophoblast invasion: implications for the pathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation and preeclampsia","volume":"69","author":"Kaufmann P","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaufmann P, Black S, Huppertz B. Endovascular trophoblast invasion: implications for the pathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation and preeclampsia. Biol Reprod. 2003, 69:1-7. 10.1095\/biolreprod.102.014977","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.09.008","article-title":"The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice","volume":"27","author":"Magee LA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Magee LA, Brown MA, Hall DR, et al.. The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis &amp; management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2022, 27:148-69. 10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.09.008","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Hypertension in pregnancy. diagnosis and management. (2019). Accessed: 3 August, 2023: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng133."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3093","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors in children and young adults born to preeclamptic pregnancies: a systematic review","volume":"129","author":"Davis EF","year":"2012","unstructured":"Davis EF, Lazdam M, Lewandowski AJ, et al.. Cardiovascular risk factors in children and young adults born to preeclamptic pregnancies: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2012, 129:e1552-61. 10.1542\/peds.2011-3093","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.11.012","article-title":"Angiopoietin 1 and 2 serum concentrations in first trimester of pregnancy as biomarkers of adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"210","author":"Schneuer FJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schneuer FJ, Roberts CL, Ashton AW, Guilbert C, Tasevski V, Morris JM, Nassar N. Angiopoietin 1 and 2 serum concentrations in first trimester of pregnancy as biomarkers of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014, 210:345.e1-9. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.11.012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.176","article-title":"Placental pathology, first-trimester biomarkers and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Odibo AO","year":"2014","unstructured":"Odibo AO, Patel KR, Spitalnik A, Odibo L, Huettner P. Placental pathology, first-trimester biomarkers and adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Perinatol. 2014, 34:186-91. 10.1038\/jp.2013.176","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12128","article-title":"Can changes in angiogenic biomarkers between the first and second trimesters of pregnancy predict development of pre-eclampsia in a low-risk nulliparous patient population?","volume":"120","author":"Myatt L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Myatt L, Clifton RG, Roberts JM, et al.. Can changes in angiogenic biomarkers between the first and second trimesters of pregnancy predict development of pre-eclampsia in a low-risk nulliparous patient population?. BJOG. 2013, 120:1183-91. 10.1111\/1471-0528.12128","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17240","article-title":"Maternal race and pre-eclampsia: cohort study and systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Arechvo A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arechvo A, Voicu D, Gil MM, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Maternal race and pre-eclampsia: cohort study and systematic review with meta-analysis. BJOG. 2022, 129:2082-93. 10.1111\/1471-0528.17240","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00417-6","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia","volume":"9","author":"Dimitriadis E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dimitriadis E, Rolnik DL, Zhou W, et al.. Pre-eclampsia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023, 9:8. 10.1038\/s41572-023-00417-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17109","article-title":"Reducing health inequality in Black, Asian and other minority ethnic pregnant women: impact of first trimester combined screening for placental dysfunction on perinatal mortality","volume":"129","author":"Liu B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu B, Nadeem U, Frick A, Alakaloko M, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B. Reducing health inequality in Black, Asian and other minority ethnic pregnant women: impact of first trimester combined screening for placental dysfunction on perinatal mortality. BJOG. 2022, 129:1750-6. 10.1111\/1471-0528.17109","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2009.45","article-title":"Maternal risk factors for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a multivariate approach","volume":"24","author":"Poon LC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poon LC, Kametas NA, Chelemen T, Leal A, Nicolaides KH. Maternal risk factors for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a multivariate approach. J Hum Hypertens. 2010, 24:104-10. 10.1038\/jhh.2009.45","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Preeclampsia. A nested, case-control study of risk factors and their interactions","volume":"41","author":"Mittendorf R","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mittendorf R, Lain KY, Williams MA, Walker CK. Preeclampsia. A nested, case-control study of risk factors and their interactions. J Reprod Med. 1996, 41:491-6.","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-014-1624-7","article-title":"Maternal age and risk of labor and delivery complications","volume":"19","author":"Cavazos-Rehg PA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cavazos-Rehg PA, Krauss MJ, Spitznagel EL, et al.. Maternal age and risk of labor and delivery complications. Matern Child Health J. 2015, 19:1202-11. 10.1007\/s10995-014-1624-7","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11582.x","article-title":"Risk factors for pre-eclampsia in a large cohort of Latin American and Caribbean women","volume":"107","author":"Conde-Agudelo A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Conde-Agudelo A, Beliz\u00e1n JM. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia in a large cohort of Latin American and Caribbean women. BJOG. 2000, 107:75-83. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11582.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)91184-e","article-title":"Preeclampsia in diabetic pregnancies","volume":"163","author":"Garner PR","year":"1990","unstructured":"Garner PR, D'Alton ME, Dudley DK, Huard P, Hardie M. Preeclampsia in diabetic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990, 163:505-8. 10.1016\/0002-9378(90)91184-e","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.831297","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia: correlation and influencing factors","volume":"9","author":"Yang Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang Y, Wu N. Gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia: correlation and influencing factors. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022, 9:831297. 10.3389\/fcvm.2022.831297","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.10.037","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"226","author":"Al Khalaf S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al Khalaf S, Bodunde E, Maher GM, et al.. Chronic kidney disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022, 226:656-670.e32. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.10.037","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38380.674340.E0","article-title":"Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: systematic review of controlled studies","volume":"330","author":"Duckitt K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Duckitt K, Harrington D. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: systematic review of controlled studies. BMJ. 2005, 330:565. 10.1136\/bmj.38380.674340.E0","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2021.01.004","article-title":"Review of the immune mechanisms of preeclampsia and the potential of immune modulating therapy","volume":"82","author":"Collier AY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Collier AY, Smith LA, Karumanchi SA. Review of the immune mechanisms of preeclampsia and the potential of immune modulating therapy. Hum Immunol. 2021, 82:362-70. 10.1016\/j.humimm.2021.01.004","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(98)70160-7","article-title":"Etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia: current concepts","volume":"179","author":"Dekker GA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dekker GA, Sibai BM. Etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia: current concepts. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998, 179:1359-75. 10.1016\/s0002-9378(98)70160-7","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0378(93)90032-d","article-title":"Paternity patterns and risk of preeclampsia in the last pregnancy in multiparae","volume":"24","author":"Robillard PY","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robillard PY, Hulsey TC, Alexander GR, Keenan A, de Caunes F, Papiernik E. Paternity patterns and risk of preeclampsia in the last pregnancy in multiparae. J Reprod Immunol. 1993, 24:1-12. 10.1016\/0165-0378(93)90032-d","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13846","article-title":"Validation of the 34-week gestation as definition of late onset preeclampsia: testing different cutoffs from 30 to 37 weeks on a population-based cohort of 1700 preeclamptics","volume":"99","author":"Robillard PY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robillard PY, Dekker G, Scioscia M, Bonsante F, Iacobelli S, Boukerrou M, Hulsey TC. Validation of the 34-week gestation as definition of late onset preeclampsia: testing different cutoffs from 30 to 37 weeks on a population-based cohort of 1700 preeclamptics. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020, 99:1181-90. 10.1111\/aogs.13846","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.01.009","article-title":"Recurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: an individual patient data metaanalysis","volume":"212","author":"van Oostwaard MF","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Oostwaard MF, Langenveld J, Schuit E, et al.. Recurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: an individual patient data metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015, 212:624.e1-17. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.01.009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev090","article-title":"Risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancies following assisted reproductive technology: a cohort study from the CoNARTaS group","volume":"30","author":"Opdahl S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Opdahl S, Henningsen AA, Tiitinen A, et al.. Risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancies following assisted reproductive technology: a cohort study from the CoNARTaS group. Hum Reprod. 2015, 30:1724-31. 10.1093\/humrep\/dev090","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04152-2","article-title":"Fetal growth restriction as the initial finding of preeclampsia is a clinical predictor of maternal and neonatal prognoses: a single-center retrospective study","volume":"21","author":"Takahashi M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takahashi M, Makino S, Oguma K, Imai H, Takamizu A, Koizumi A, Yoshida K. Fetal growth restriction as the initial finding of preeclampsia is a clinical predictor of maternal and neonatal prognoses: a single-center retrospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021, 21:678. 10.1186\/s12884-021-04152-2","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407866-6.00005-5","article-title":"The placenta in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia","author":"Fisher SJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fisher SJ, McMaster M, Roberts M. The placenta in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Chesley\u2019s Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy (Fourth Edition). Taylor RN, Roberts JM, Cunningham FG, Lindheimer MD (ed): Academic Press, New York City; 2015. 81-112. 10.1016\/B978-0-12-407866-6.00005-5"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.06.007","article-title":"The cytotrophoblastic shell and complications of pregnancy","volume":"60","author":"Burton GJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. The cytotrophoblastic shell and complications of pregnancy. Placenta. 2017, 60:134-9. 10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.06.007","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0372-6","article-title":"Tracking placental development in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Aplin JD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aplin JD, Myers JE, Timms K, Westwood M. Tracking placental development in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020, 16:479-94. 10.1038\/s41574-020-0372-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114435","article-title":"Plasticity of the maternal vasculature during pregnancy","volume":"81","author":"Osol G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Osol G, Ko NL, Mandal\u00e0 M. Plasticity of the maternal vasculature during pregnancy. Annu Rev Physiol. 2019, 81:89-111. 10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114435","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0278","article-title":"Androgens in maternal vascular and placental function: implications for preeclampsia pathogenesis","volume":"156","author":"Kumar S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar S, Gordon GH, Abbott DH, Mishra JS. Androgens in maternal vascular and placental function: implications for preeclampsia pathogenesis. Reproduction. 2018, 156:R155-67. 10.1530\/REP-18-0278","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00563","article-title":"Causes and consequences of the dysregulated maternal renin-angiotensin system in preeclampsia","volume":"10","author":"Lumbers ER","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lumbers ER, Delforce SJ, Arthurs AL, Pringle KG. Causes and consequences of the dysregulated maternal renin-angiotensin system in preeclampsia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019, 10:563. 10.3389\/fendo.2019.00563","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.055236","article-title":"The placenta in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"61","author":"Roberts DJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roberts DJ, Post MD. The placenta in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. J Clin Pathol. 2008, 61:1254-60. 10.1136\/jcp.2008.055236","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.ajts_176_20","article-title":"Therapeutic plasma exchange in HELLP syndrome: a life savior","volume":"16","author":"Chowdhry M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chowdhry M, Agrawal S, Gajulapalli SP, Thakur UK. Therapeutic plasma exchange in HELLP syndrome: a life savior. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2022, 16:106-10. 10.4103\/ajts.ajts_176_20","journal-title":"Asian J Transfus Sci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.014","article-title":"Preeclampsia-pathophysiology and clinical presentations: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"76","author":"Ives CW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ives CW, Sinkey R, Rajapreyar I, Tita AT, Oparil S. Preeclampsia-pathophysiology and clinical presentations: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020, 76:1690-702. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2109","article-title":"Gene expression in chorionic villous samples at 11 weeks' gestation from women destined to develop preeclampsia","volume":"28","author":"Farina A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farina A, Sekizawa A, De Sanctis P, et al.. Gene expression in chorionic villous samples at 11 weeks' gestation from women destined to develop preeclampsia. Prenat Diagn. 2008, 28:956-61. 10.1002\/pd.2109","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2019.12.007","article-title":"Meta-analysis of gene expression profiles in preeclampsia","volume":"19","author":"Vennou KE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vennou KE, Kontou PI, Braliou GG, Bagos PG. Meta-analysis of gene expression profiles in preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2020, 19:52-60. 10.1016\/j.preghy.2019.12.007","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02828116","article-title":"Role of trace elements zinc, copper and magnesium during pregnancy and its outcome","volume":"71","author":"Pathak P","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pathak P, Kapil U. Role of trace elements zinc, copper and magnesium during pregnancy and its outcome. Indian J Pediatr. 2004, 71:1003-5. 10.1007\/BF02828116","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.05.005","article-title":"Role of magnesium in hypertension","volume":"458","author":"Sontia B","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sontia B, Touyz RM. Role of magnesium in hypertension. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007, 458:33-9. 10.1016\/j.abb.2006.05.005","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:94:2:105","article-title":"Comparison of serum copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels in preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women","volume":"94","author":"Kumru S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kumru S, Aydin S, Simsek M, Sahin K, Yaman M, Ay G. Comparison of serum copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels in preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003, 94:105-12. 10.1385\/BTER:94:2:105","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-004-0672-4","article-title":"Serum calcium and serum magnesium in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy","volume":"273","author":"Sukonpan K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sukonpan K, Phupong V. Serum calcium and serum magnesium in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2005, 273:12-6. 10.1007\/s00404-004-0672-4","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707103370201","article-title":"Trial of calcium to prevent preeclampsia","volume":"337","author":"Levine RJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levine RJ, Hauth JC, Curet LB, et al.. Trial of calcium to prevent preeclampsia. N Engl J Med. 1997, 337:69-76. 10.1056\/NEJM199707103370201","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Sodium imbalance in preeclampsia","volume":"7","author":"Al-Rubaye FG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Rubaye FG, Al-Rubaye A, Al-Bayati MM, Al-Khayat TH. Sodium imbalance in preeclampsia. Iraqi J Med Sci. 2009, 7:41-8.","journal-title":"Iraqi J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Lipid peroxides, anti-oxidants and nitric oxide in patients with pre-eclampsia and essential hypertension","volume":"6","author":"Kumar CA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kumar CA, Das UN. Lipid peroxides, anti-oxidants and nitric oxide in patients with pre-eclampsia and essential hypertension. Int J Exp Clin Res. 2000, 6:901-7.","journal-title":"Int J Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026010608800600201","article-title":"Magnesium and other nutrient deficiencies as possible causes of hypertension and low birthweight","volume":"6","author":"Wynn A","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wynn A, Wynn M. Magnesium and other nutrient deficiencies as possible causes of hypertension and low birthweight. Nutr Health. 1988, 6:69-88. 10.1177\/026010608800600201","journal-title":"Nutr Health"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10641959909009609","article-title":"Platelet sodium pump and sodium potassium cotransport activity in nonpregnant, normotensive, and hypertensive pregnant women","volume":"18","author":"Arumanayagam M","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arumanayagam M, Rogers M. Platelet sodium pump and sodium potassium cotransport activity in nonpregnant, normotensive, and hypertensive pregnant women. Hypertens Pregnancy. 1999, 18:35-44. 10.3109\/10641959909009609","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.05.016","article-title":"Adherence with blood pressure self-monitoring in women with pregnancy hypertension, and comparisons to clinic readings: a secondary analysis of OPTIMUM-BP","volume":"25","author":"Bowen L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bowen L, Pealing L, Tucker K, McManus RJ, Chappell LC. Adherence with blood pressure self-monitoring in women with pregnancy hypertension, and comparisons to clinic readings: a secondary analysis of OPTIMUM-BP. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2021, 25:68-74. 10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.05.016","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/185576-exploring-the-spectrum-of-electrolyte-imbalances-in-preeclampsia-mechanisms-implications-and-clinical-insights","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T13:44:00Z","timestamp":1724507040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/185576-exploring-the-spectrum-of-electrolyte-imbalances-in-preeclampsia-mechanisms-implications-and-clinical-insights"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"references-count":52,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.67666","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]}}}