{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:46:23Z","timestamp":1724978783810},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.68064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T03:13:10Z","timestamp":1724901190000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the Readability and Comprehensibility of Online Patient Educational Materials for Common Psychotic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Joshua L","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Gerhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Roeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel A","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Mobley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05109-0","article-title":"Can patients trust online health information? A meta-narrative systematic review addressing the quality of health information on the Internet","volume":"34","author":"Daraz L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Daraz L, Morrow AS, Ponce OJ, et al.. Can patients trust online health information? A meta-narrative systematic review addressing the quality of health information on the Internet. J Gen Intern Med. 2019, 34:1884-91. 10.1007\/s11606-019-05109-0","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:133700","article-title":"Health information technology use among adults: United States, July-December 2022","author":"Wang X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Cohen RA. Health information technology use among adults: United States, July-December 2022. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; 2023. 10.15620\/cdc:133700"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Health Literacy in Healthy People 2030. (2020). Accessed. July 31, 2024: https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople\/priority-areas\/health-literacy-healthy-people-2030."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NOR.0000345852.22122.d6","article-title":"Understanding the health literacy of America: results of the National Assessment of Adult Literacy","volume":"28","author":"Cutilli CC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cutilli CC, Bennett IM. Understanding the health literacy of America: results of the National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Orthop Nurs. 2009, 28:27-32. 10.1097\/01.NOR.0000345852.22122.d6","journal-title":"Orthop Nurs"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08498-8","article-title":"Associations of health literacy with socioeconomic position, health risk behavior, and health status: a large national population-based survey among Danish adults","volume":"20","author":"Svendsen MT","year":"2020","unstructured":"Svendsen MT, Bak CK, S\u00f8rensen K, et al.. Associations of health literacy with socioeconomic position, health risk behavior, and health status: a large national population-based survey among Danish adults. BMC Public Health. 2020, 20:565. 10.1186\/s12889-020-08498-8","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2374373521998847","article-title":"Readability of patient education materials from high-impact medical journals: a 20-year analysis","volume":"8","author":"Rooney MK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rooney MK, Santiago G, Perni S, et al.. Readability of patient education materials from high-impact medical journals: a 20-year analysis. J Patient Exp. 2021, 8:47. 10.1177\/2374373521998847","journal-title":"J Patient Exp"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Reading the numbers. 130 million American adults have low literacy skills, but funding differs drastically by state. (2022). Accessed: August 1, 2024: https:\/\/www.apmresearchlab.org\/10x-adult-literacy#:~:text=by%20EMILY%20SCHMIDT%20%7C%20March%2016%2C%202022&amp;text=This...."},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"","author":"Weiss BD","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weiss BD. Health Literacy: A Manual for Clinicians. American Medical Association, Chicago, IL; 2003. http:\/\/lib.ncfh.org\/pdfs\/6617.pdf."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18033","article-title":"Comparison of readability of official public health information about COVID-19 on websites of international agencies and the governments of 15 countries","volume":"3","author":"Mishra V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mishra V, Dexter JP. Comparison of readability of official public health information about COVID-19 on websites of international agencies and the governments of 15 countries. JAMA Netw Open. 2020, 3:33. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18033","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2015.1131776","article-title":"Health literacy and access to care","volume":"21 Suppl 1","author":"Levy H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Levy H, Janke A. Health literacy and access to care. J Health Commun. 2016, 21 Suppl 1:43-50. 10.1080\/10810730.2015.1131776","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4018","article-title":"Low health literacy and evaluation of online health information: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Diviani N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diviani N, van den Putte B, Giani S, van Weert JC. Low health literacy and evaluation of online health information: a systematic review of the literature. J Med Internet Res. 2015, 17:e112. 10.2196\/jmir.4018","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Why (almost) everything you knew about Google CTR is no longer valid. (2020). Accessed. August 1, 2024: https:\/\/www.sistrix.com\/blog\/why-almost-everything-you-knew-about-google-ctr-is-no-longer-valid\/."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1357-6283.210517","article-title":"Assessing reading levels of health information: uses and limitations of Flesch formula","volume":"30","author":"Jindal P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jindal P, MacDermid JC. Assessing reading levels of health information: uses and limitations of Flesch formula. Educ Health (Abingdon). 2017, 30:84-8. 10.4103\/1357-6283.210517","journal-title":"Educ Health (Abingdon)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.19","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of psychotic and bipolar I disorders in a general population","volume":"64","author":"Per\u00e4l\u00e4 J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Per\u00e4l\u00e4 J, Suvisaari J, Saarni SI, et al.. Lifetime prevalence of psychotic and bipolar I disorders in a general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007, 64:19-28. 10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.19","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.75.1.3","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and mental illness: tests of the social causation and selection hypotheses","volume":"75","author":"Hudson CG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hudson CG. Socioeconomic status and mental illness: tests of the social causation and selection hypotheses. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2005, 75:3-18. 10.1037\/0002-9432.75.1.3","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Readability Test. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.webfx.com\/tools\/read-able\/."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Schizophrenia. National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/schizophrenia."},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Schizophrenia. Mayo Clinic. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/schizophrenia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20354443."},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"What is Schizophrenia?. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/schizophrenia\/what-is-schizophrenia."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Schizophrenia. An Overview. (2024). Accessed: July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/schizophrenia\/mental-health-schizophrenia."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Schizophrenia. World Health Organization. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/schizophrenia."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Schizoaffective disorder. Mayo Clinic. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/schizoaffective-disorder\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20354504."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Schizoaffective disorder. National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.nami.org\/about-mental-illness\/mental-health-conditions\/schizoaffective-disorder\/."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Schizoaffective disorder. Cleveland Clinic. (2023). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21544-schizoaffective-disorder."},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Schizoaffective Disorder. Causes, Signs, Treatment. (2024). Accessed: July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/schizophrenia\/mental-health-schizoaffective-disorder."},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Schizoaffective disorder","author":"Wy TJP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wy TJP, Saadabadi A. Schizoaffective disorder. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2023."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"What Is Schizophreniform Disorder? WebMD. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/schizophrenia\/mental-health-schizophreniform-disorder."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Schizophreniform Disorder. Cleveland Clinic. (2023). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/9571-schizophreniform-disorder."},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Schizophreniform Disorder. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/professional\/psychiatric-disorders\/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders\/schizophreniform-...."},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Schizophreniform Disorder. Sheppard Pratt. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.sheppardpratt.org\/knowledge-center\/condition\/schizophreniform-disorder\/."},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"What is schizophreniform disorder?. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/schizophreniform."},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Delusional Disorder. Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/9599-delusional-disorder."},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Delusional Disorder. Types, Symptoms, and Treatment. WebMD. (2024). Accessed: July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/schizophrenia\/delusional-disorder."},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Bipolar I Disorder. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/bipolar-disorder\/bipolar-1-disorder."},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Delusional disorder","author":"Joseph SM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joseph SM, Siddiqui W. Delusional disorder. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2023."},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Bipolar Disorder. National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/bipolar-disorder."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Bipolar Disorder. Mayo Clinic. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/bipolar-disorder\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355955."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Bipolar Disorder. Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/9294-bipolar-disorder."},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Major depression with psychotic features. MedlinePlus. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/000933.htm."},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Delusional Disorder. Psychology Today. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/conditions\/delusional-disorder."},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Delusional Disorder. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/home\/mental-health-disorders\/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders\/delusional-disorder."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000407968.57475.ab","article-title":"Major depressive disorder with psychotic features may lead to misdiagnosis of dementia: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Wagner GS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wagner GS, McClintock SM, Rosenquist PB, McCall WV, Kahn DA. Major depressive disorder with psychotic features may lead to misdiagnosis of dementia: a case report and review of the literature. J Psychiatr Pract. 2011, 17:432-8. 10.1097\/01.pra.0000407968.57475.ab","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"Major Depression with Psychotic Features (Psychotic Depression). (2023). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/depression\/psychotic-depression."},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Psychotic depression. National Health Service (England). (2023). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychotic-depression\/."},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"What Are Bipolar Disorders? American Psychiatric Association. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/bipolar-disorders\/what-are-bipolar-disorders."},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Psychotic depression. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/depression\/psychotic-depression."},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder. Sheppard Pratt. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.sheppardpratt.org\/knowledge-center\/condition\/substance-induced-psychotic-disorder\/."},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"Substance-\/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/professional\/psychiatric-disorders\/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders\/substance-medicat...."},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"Substance-Induced Psychosis Signs, Symptoms &amp; Treatment. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/americanaddictioncenters.org\/co-occurring-disorders\/drug-psychosis-comorbidity."},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Substance-Induced Psychosis. (2024). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/greenhousetreatment.com\/co-occurring-disorders\/drug-induced-psychosis\/."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.694863","article-title":"Substance-induced psychoses: an updated literature review","volume":"12","author":"Fiorentini A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fiorentini A, Cant\u00f9 F, Crisanti C, Cereda G, Oldani L, Brambilla P. Substance-induced psychoses: an updated literature review. Front Psychiatry. 2021, 12:63. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.694863","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition. Psychology Today. (2021). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/conditions\/psychotic-disorder-due-another-medical-condition."},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/professional\/psychiatric-disorders\/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders\/psychotic-disorde...."},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"What Is a Psychotic Disorder?. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/schizophrenia\/mental-health-psychotic-disorders."},{"key":"ref55","unstructured":"Psychosis. Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/symptoms\/23012-psychosis."},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"Causes - Psychosis. National Health Service (England). (2023). Accessed. July 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/psychosis\/causes\/."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3628","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy","volume":"11","author":"Millan MJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Millan MJ, Agid Y, Br\u00fcne M, et al.. Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012, 11:141-68. 10.1038\/nrd3628","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13091196","article-title":"Reading deficits in schizophrenia and individuals at high clinical risk: relationship to sensory function, course of illness, and psychosocial outcome","volume":"171","author":"Revheim N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Revheim N, Corcoran CM, Dias E, et al.. Reading deficits in schizophrenia and individuals at high clinical risk: relationship to sensory function, course of illness, and psychosocial outcome. Am J Psychiatry. 2014, 171:949-59. 10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13091196","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-015-9951-8","article-title":"Health literacy among people with serious mental illness","volume":"52","author":"Clausen W","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clausen W, Watanabe-Galloway S, Bill Baerentzen M, Britigan DH. Health literacy among people with serious mental illness. Community Ment Health J. 2016, 52:399-405. 10.1007\/s10597-015-9951-8","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201400124","article-title":"Duration of untreated psychosis in community treatment settings in the United States","volume":"66","author":"Addington J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Addington J, Heinssen RK, Robinson DG, et al.. Duration of untreated psychosis in community treatment settings in the United States. Psychiatr Serv. 2015, 66:753-6. 10.1176\/appi.ps.201400124","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.808","article-title":"Untreated initial psychosis: its relation to quality of life and symptom remission in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"157","author":"Ho BC","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ho BC, Andreasen NC, Flaum M, Nopoulos P, Miller D. Untreated initial psychosis: its relation to quality of life and symptom remission in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2000, 157:808-15. 10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.808","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30147-4","article-title":"Effect of delaying treatment of first-episode psychosis on symptoms and social outcomes: a longitudinal analysis and modelling study","volume":"7","author":"Drake RJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drake RJ, Husain N, Marshall M, et al.. Effect of delaying treatment of first-episode psychosis on symptoms and social outcomes: a longitudinal analysis and modelling study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020, 7:602-10. 10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30147-4","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-021-00464-0","article-title":"Lifetime relapse and its associated factors among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who are on follow up at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Moges S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moges S, Belete T, Mekonen T, Menberu M. Lifetime relapse and its associated factors among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who are on follow up at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2021, 15:42. 10.1186\/s13033-021-00464-0","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20384","article-title":"Excess mortality in persons with severe mental disorders: a multilevel intervention framework and priorities for clinical practice, policy and research agendas","volume":"16","author":"Liu NH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu NH, Daumit GL, Dua T, et al.. Excess mortality in persons with severe mental disorders: a multilevel intervention framework and priorities for clinical practice, policy and research agendas. World Psychiatry. 2017, 16:30-40. 10.1002\/wps.20384","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.12.021","article-title":"Approaches to patient education: emphasizing the long-term value of compliance and persistence","volume":"119","author":"Gold DT","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gold DT, McClung B. Approaches to patient education: emphasizing the long-term value of compliance and persistence. Am J Med. 2006, 119:S32-7. 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.12.021","journal-title":"Am J Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/286417-assessing-the-readability-and-comprehensibility-of-online-patient-educational-materials-for-common-psychotic-disorders","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T03:13:37Z","timestamp":1724901217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/286417-assessing-the-readability-and-comprehensibility-of-online-patient-educational-materials-for-common-psychotic-disorders"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.68064","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]}}}