{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:37:52Z","timestamp":1793655472425,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.68390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T11:40:51Z","timestamp":1725190851000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists: Exploring Their Impact on Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Health Through a Comprehensive Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Hamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed N","family":"Alosaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashaer A","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atheer","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taif","family":"Alkhashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman S","family":"Alkhaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawaf A","family":"Altowarqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayat","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rami K","family":"Alkhaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid W","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nehal H","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan F","family":"Alhulayfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuruq Y","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim M","family":"Dighriri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Obesity and overweight. (2024). Accessed. August 13, 2024: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30469-X","article-title":"Erratum: trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 populationbased measurement studies with 192 million participants","volume":"387","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration","year":"2016","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Erratum: trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 populationbased measurement studies with 192 million participants. Lancet. 2016, 387:1998. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30469-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0243-x","article-title":"The epidemiology of obesity: a big picture","volume":"33","author":"Hruby A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hruby A, Hu FB. The epidemiology of obesity: a big picture. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015, 33:673-689. 10.1007\/s40273-014-0243-x","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-88","article-title":"The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Guh DP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL, Anis AH. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2009, 9:88. 10.1186\/1471-2458-9-88","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ey.15.15.2","article-title":"Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years","volume":"377","author":"Afshin A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, et al.. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. Yearb Paediatr Endocrinol. 2018, 377:13-27. 10.1530\/ey.15.15.2","journal-title":"Yearb Paediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12010159","article-title":"The role of GLP-1, GIP, MCP-1 and IGFBP-7 biomarkers in the development of metabolic disorders: a review and predictive analysis in the context of diabetes and obesity","volume":"12","author":"J\u0119drysik M","year":"2024","unstructured":"J\u0119drysik M, Wyszomirski K, R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ska-Wal\u0119dziak A, Grosicka-Maci\u0105g E, Wal\u0119dziak M, Che\u0142stowska B. The role of GLP-1, GIP, MCP-1 and IGFBP-7 biomarkers in the development of metabolic disorders: a review and predictive analysis in the context of diabetes and obesity. Biomedicines. 2024, 12:10.3390\/biomedicines12010159","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.004","article-title":"Erratum: AHA\/ACC\/TOS Guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Obesity Society","volume":"63","author":"Jensen MD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM. Erratum: AHA\/ACC\/TOS Guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Obesity Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014, 63:3029-3030. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.222S","article-title":"Long-term weight loss maintenance","volume":"82","author":"Wing RR","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wing RR, Phelan S. Long-term weight loss maintenance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005, 82:222S-225S. 10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.222S","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00271-3","article-title":"Management of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Bray GA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bray GA, Fr\u00fchbeck G, Ryan DH, Wilding JPH. Management of obesity. Lancet. 2016, 387:1947-1956. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00271-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13129","article-title":"Incretin hormones: their role in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Nauck MA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Meier JJ. Incretin hormones: their role in health and disease. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018, 20:5-21. 10.1111\/dom.13129","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69705-5","article-title":"The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes","volume":"368","author":"Drucker DJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Drucker DJ, Nauck MA. The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 2006, 368:1696-1705. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69705-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.09.010","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)","volume":"30","author":"M\u00fcller TD","year":"2019","unstructured":"M\u00fcller TD, Finan B, Bloom SR, et al.. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Mol Metab. 2019, 30:72-130. 10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.09.010","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01225454","article-title":"The incretin concept today","volume":"16","author":"Creutzfeldt W","year":"1979","unstructured":"Creutzfeldt W. The incretin concept today. Diabetologia. 1979, 16:75-85. 10.1007\/BF01225454","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2628","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Buse JB","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buse JB, Henry RR, Han J, Kim DD, Fineman MS, Baron AD. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004, 27:2628-2635. 10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2628","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018814559725","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists: a review of head-to-head clinical studies","volume":"6","author":"Trujillo JM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trujillo JM, Nuffer W, Ellis SL. GLP-1 receptor agonists: a review of head-to-head clinical studies. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2015, 6:19-28. 10.1177\/2042018814559725","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1616011","article-title":"Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Mann JF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mann JF, \u00d8rsted DD, Brown-Frandsen K, et al.. Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017, 377:839-848. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1616011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916038","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of liraglutide for adolescents with obesity","volume":"382","author":"Kelly AS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kelly AS, Auerbach P, Barrientos-Perez M, et al.. A randomized, controlled trial of liraglutide for adolescents with obesity. N Engl J Med. 2020, 382:2117-2128. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1916038","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903822","article-title":"Liraglutide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Tamborlane WV","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tamborlane WV, Barrientos-P\u00e9rez M, Fainberg U, et al.. Liraglutide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019, 381:637-646. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1903822","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3415","article-title":"Pharmacological management of obesity: an endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"100","author":"Apovian CM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Apovian CM, Aronne LJ, Bessesen DH, et al.. Pharmacological management of obesity: an endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015, 100:342-362. 10.1210\/jc.2014-3415","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/304368a0","article-title":"Exon duplication and divergence in the human preproglucagon gene","volume":"304","author":"Bell GI","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bell GI, Sanchez-Pescador R, Laybourn PJ, Najarian RC. Exon duplication and divergence in the human preproglucagon gene. Nature. 1983, 304:368-371. 10.1038\/304368a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91194-9","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36: a physiological incretin in man","volume":"330","author":"Kreymann B","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kreymann B, Ghatei MA, Williams G, Bloom SR. Glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36: a physiological incretin in man. Lancet. 1987, 330:1300-1304. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91194-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.3.7883856","article-title":"Degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 by human plasma in vitro yields an N-terminally truncated peptide that is a major endogenous metabolite in vivo","volume":"80","author":"Deacon CF","year":"1995","unstructured":"Deacon CF, Johnsen AH, Holst JJ. Degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 by human plasma in vitro yields an N-terminally truncated peptide that is a major endogenous metabolite in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995, 80:952-957. 10.1210\/jcem.80.3.7883856","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1705-7","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 mediates the therapeutic actions of DPP-IV inhibitors","volume":"48","author":"Holst JJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holst JJ, Deacon CF. Glucagon-like peptide-1 mediates the therapeutic actions of DPP-IV inhibitors. Diabetologia. 2005, 48:612-615. 10.1007\/s00125-005-1705-7","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(18)42531-8","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom: further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas","volume":"267","author":"Eng J","year":"1992","unstructured":"Eng J, Kleinman WA, Singh L, Singh G, Raufman JP. Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom: further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. J Biol Chem. 1992, 267:7402-7405. 10.1016\/s0021-9258(18)42531-8","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm9909645","article-title":"Potent derivatives of glucagon-like peptide-1 with pharmacokinetic properties suitable for once daily administration","volume":"43","author":"Knudsen LB","year":"2000","unstructured":"Knudsen LB, Nielsen PF, Huusfeldt PO, et al.. Potent derivatives of glucagon-like peptide-1 with pharmacokinetic properties suitable for once daily administration. J Med Chem. 2000, 43:1664-1669. 10.1021\/jm9909645","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401145","article-title":"Normalization of fasting hyperglycaemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients","volume":"36","author":"Nauck MA","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Kleine N, Orskov C, Holst JJ, Willms B, Creutzfeldt W. Normalization of fasting hyperglycaemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 1993, 36:741-744. 10.1007\/BF00401145","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.8.2370","article-title":"Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing metformin and\/or sulfonylurea treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Fineman MS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fineman MS, Bicsak TA, Shen LZ, et al.. Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing metformin and\/or sulfonylurea treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003, 26:2370-2377. 10.2337\/diacare.26.8.2370","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61246-5","article-title":"Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial","volume":"373","author":"Garber A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garber A, Henry R, Ratner R, et al.. Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet. 2009, 373:473-481. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61246-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1914","article-title":"DURATION-1: exenatide once weekly produces sustained glycemic control and weight loss over 52 weeks","volume":"33","author":"Buse JB","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buse JB, Drucker DJ, Taylor KL, et al.. DURATION-1: exenatide once weekly produces sustained glycemic control and weight loss over 52 weeks. Diabetes Care. 2010, 33:1255-1261. 10.2337\/dc09-1914","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management","volume":"373","author":"Pi-Sunyer X","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, et al.. A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management. N Engl J Med. 2015, 373:11-22. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso SP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al.. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016, 375:1834-1844. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0185","article-title":"Oral semaglutide: a review of the first oral glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist","volume":"22","author":"Bucheit JD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bucheit JD, Pamulapati LG, Carter N, Malloy K, Dixon DL, Sisson EM. Oral semaglutide: a review of the first oral glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020, 22:10-18. 10.1089\/dia.2019.0185","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2011.0050","article-title":"Encapsulation of exenatide in poly-(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres produced an investigational long-acting once-weekly formulation for type 2 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"DeYoung MB","year":"2011","unstructured":"DeYoung MB, MacConell L, Sarin V, Trautmann M, Herbert P. Encapsulation of exenatide in poly-(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres produced an investigational long-acting once-weekly formulation for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011, 13:1145-1154. 10.1089\/dia.2011.0050","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22565","article-title":"Novel GLP-1 mimetics developed to treat type 2 diabetes promote progenitor cell proliferation in the brain","volume":"89","author":"Hamilton A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamilton A, Patterson S, Porter D, Gault VA, Holscher C. Novel GLP-1 mimetics developed to treat type 2 diabetes promote progenitor cell proliferation in the brain. J Neurosci Res. 2011, 89:481-489. 10.1002\/jnr.22565","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3070","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes treatment: are they all the same?","volume":"35","author":"Gentilella R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gentilella R, Pechtner V, Corcos A, Consoli A. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes treatment: are they all the same?. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019, 35:e3070. 10.1002\/dmrr.3070","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0566","article-title":"MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Are all GLP-1 agonists equal in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?","volume":"181","author":"Nauck MA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Meier JJ. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Are all GLP-1 agonists equal in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019, 181:R211-R234. 10.1530\/EJE-19-0566","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1085799","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity: role as a promising approach","volume":"14","author":"Wang JY","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang JY, Wang QW, Yang XY, et al.. GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity: role as a promising approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023, 14:1085799. 10.3389\/fendo.2023.1085799","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0016-2","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 in health and disease","volume":"14","author":"Andersen A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andersen A, Lund A, Knop FK, Vilsb\u00f8ll T. Glucagon-like peptide 1 in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018, 14:390-403. 10.1038\/s41574-018-0016-2","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2006","article-title":"The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1","volume":"87","author":"Holst JJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holst JJ. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1. Physiol Rev. 2007, 87:1409-1439. 10.1152\/physrev.00034.2006","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1414","article-title":"The glucagonostatic and insulinotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 contribute equally to its glucose-lowering action","volume":"59","author":"Hare KJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hare KJ, Vilsb\u00f8ll T, Asmar M, Deacon CF, Knop FK, Holst JJ. The glucagonostatic and insulinotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 contribute equally to its glucose-lowering action. Diabetes. 2010, 59:1765-1770. 10.2337\/db09-1414","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.008","article-title":"Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action","volume":"17","author":"Campbell JE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Campbell JE, Drucker DJ. Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action. Cell Metab. 2013, 17:819-37. 10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220405","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes islet cell growth and inhibits apoptosis in Zucker diabetic rats","volume":"143","author":"Farilla L","year":"2002","unstructured":"Farilla L, Hui H, Bertolotto C, Kang E, Bulotta A, Di Mario U, Perfetti R. Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes islet cell growth and inhibits apoptosis in Zucker diabetic rats. Endocrinology. 2002, 143:4397-4408. 10.1210\/en.2002-220405","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1103-y","article-title":"Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) dose-dependently stimulates glucagon secretion in healthy human subjects at euglycaemia","volume":"46","author":"Meier JJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meier JJ, Gallwitz B, Siepmann N, Holst JJ, Deacon CF, Schmidt WE, Nauck MA. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) dose-dependently stimulates glucagon secretion in healthy human subjects at euglycaemia. Diabetologia. 2003, 46:798-801. 10.1007\/s00125-003-1103-y","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8355","article-title":"Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on counterregulatory hormone responses, cognitive functions, and insulin secretion during hyperinsulinemic, stepped hypoglycemic clamp experiments in healthy volunteers","volume":"87","author":"Nauck MA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Heimesaat MM, Behle K, et al.. Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on counterregulatory hormone responses, cognitive functions, and insulin secretion during hyperinsulinemic, stepped hypoglycemic clamp experiments in healthy volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002, 87:1239-46. 10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8355","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI75276","article-title":"The arcuate nucleus mediates GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide-dependent weight loss","volume":"124","author":"Secher A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Secher A, Jelsing J, Baquero AF, et al.. The arcuate nucleus mediates GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide-dependent weight loss. J Clin Invest. 2014, 124:4473-88. 10.1172\/JCI75276","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12464","article-title":"Neural effects of gut- and brain-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 and its receptor agonist","volume":"7","author":"Katsurada K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Katsurada K, Yada T. Neural effects of gut- and brain-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 and its receptor agonist. J Diabetes Investig. 2016, 7:64-69. 10.1111\/jdi.12464","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6326-11.2012","article-title":"The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue, exendin-4, decreases the rewarding value of food: a new role for mesolimbic GLP-1 receptors","volume":"32","author":"Dickson SL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dickson SL, Shirazi RH, Hansson C, Bergquist F, Nissbrandt H, Skibicka KP. The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue, exendin-4, decreases the rewarding value of food: a new role for mesolimbic GLP-1 receptors. J Neurosci. 2012, 32:4812-4820. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6326-11.2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0221","article-title":"Central effects of GLP-1: new opportunities for treatments of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"221","author":"H\u00f6lscher C","year":"2014","unstructured":"H\u00f6lscher C. Central effects of GLP-1: new opportunities for treatments of neurodegenerative diseases. J Endocrinol. 2014, 221:T31-T41. 10.1530\/JOE-13-0221","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0373-0","article-title":"Effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on waist circumference among type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Sun F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun F, Wu S, Guo S, et al.. Effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on waist circumference among type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2015, 48:794-803. 10.1007\/s12020-014-0373-0","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00237.2004","article-title":"Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes patients with stable coronary artery disease","volume":"287","author":"Nystr\u00f6m T","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nystr\u00f6m T, Gutniak MK, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Holst JJ, Ahr\u00e9n B, Sj\u00f6holm A. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes patients with stable coronary artery disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 287:E1209-E1215. 10.1152\/ajpendo.00237.2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-13-49","article-title":"Liraglutide decreases carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes: 8-month prospective pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Rizzo M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rizzo M, Chandalia M, Patti AM, Di Bartolo V, Rizvi AA, Montalto G, Abate N. Liraglutide decreases carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes: 8-month prospective pilot study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014, 13:49. 10.1186\/1475-2840-13-49","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0340-2","article-title":"Vildagliptin therapy reduces postprandial intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"49","author":"Matikainen N","year":"2006","unstructured":"Matikainen N, M\u00e4ntt\u00e4ri S, Schweizer A, et al.. Vildagliptin therapy reduces postprandial intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2006, 49:2049-2057. 10.1007\/s00125-006-0340-2","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00394.2015","article-title":"The physiological role of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the regulation of renal function","volume":"310","author":"Farah LX","year":"2016","unstructured":"Farah LX, Valentini V, Pessoa TD, Malnic G, McDonough AA, Girardi AC. The physiological role of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the regulation of renal function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016, 310:F123-F127. 10.1152\/ajprenal.00394.2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14710","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide by subgroups of patient characteristics in the PIONEER phase 3 programme","volume":"24","author":"Aroda VR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aroda VR, Bauer R, Christiansen E, et al.. Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide by subgroups of patient characteristics in the PIONEER phase 3 programme. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022, 24:1338-1350. 10.1111\/dom.14710","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13162","article-title":"A review of GLP-1 receptor agonists: Evolution and advancement, through the lens of randomised controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"Aroda VR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aroda VR. A review of GLP-1 receptor agonists: Evolution and advancement, through the lens of randomised controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018, 20:22-33. 10.1111\/dom.13162","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1432","article-title":"Benefits and harms of once-weekly Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Zaccardi F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zaccardi F, Htike ZZ, Webb DR, Khunti K, Davies MJ. Benefits and harms of once-weekly Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2016, 164:102-113. 10.7326\/M15-1432","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci18-0033","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","volume":"41","author":"Davies MJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davies MJ, D'Alessio DA, Fradkin J, et al.. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2018, 41:2669-2701. 10.2337\/dci18-0033","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30024-X","article-title":"Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial","volume":"6","author":"Pratley RE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pratley RE, Aroda VR, Lingvay I, L\u00fcdemann J, Andreassen C, Navarria A, Viljoen A. Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018, 6:275-286. 10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30024-X","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding JP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilding JP, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al.. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021, 384:989-1002. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13435","article-title":"Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on body weight in adults with obesity without diabetes mellitus-a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials","volume":"23","author":"Iqbal J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iqbal J, Wu HX, Hu N, et al.. Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on body weight in adults with obesity without diabetes mellitus-a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Obes Rev. 2022, 23:e13435. 10.1111\/obr.13435","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310449","article-title":"Emerging role of GLP-1 agonists in obesity: a comprehensive review of randomised controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Popoviciu MS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Popoviciu MS, P\u0103duraru L, Yahya G, Metwally K, Cavalu S. Emerging role of GLP-1 agonists in obesity: a comprehensive review of randomised controlled trials. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:10.3390\/ijms241310449","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30069-7","article-title":"3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial","volume":"389","author":"Le Roux CW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le Roux CW, Astrup AV, Fujioka K, et al.. 3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2017, 389:1399-1409. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30069-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034516","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without history of myocardial infarction or stroke: post hoc analysis from the leader trial","volume":"138","author":"Verma S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verma S, Poulter NR, Bhatt DL, et al.. Effects of liraglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without history of myocardial infarction or stroke: post hoc analysis from the leader trial. Circulation. 2018, 138:2884-2894. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034516","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13955","article-title":"Semaglutide (SUSTAIN and PIONEER) reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes across varying cardiovascular risk","volume":"22","author":"Husain M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Husain M, Bain SC, Jeppesen OK, Lingvay I, S\u00f8rrig R, Treppendahl MB, Vilsb\u00f8ll T. Semaglutide (SUSTAIN and PIONEER) reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes across varying cardiovascular risk. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020, 22:442-451. 10.1111\/dom.13955","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2024.100679","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists among patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Rivera FB","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rivera FB, Cruz LL, Magalong JV, et al.. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists among patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2024, 18:100679. 10.1016\/j.ajpc.2024.100679","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01793-9","article-title":"The cardiovascular and renal effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease","volume":"22","author":"Lin Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin Y, Wang TH, Tsai ML, et al.. The cardiovascular and renal effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023, 22:60. 10.1186\/s12933-023-01793-9","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-019-00826-0","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogues in type 2 diabetes: their use and differential features","volume":"39","author":"Lyseng-Williamson KA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lyseng-Williamson KA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogues in type 2 diabetes: their use and differential features. Clin Drug Investig. 2019, 39:805-819. 10.1007\/s40261-019-00826-0","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2021.06.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of cardiorenal protection of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists","volume":"28","author":"Tommerdahl KL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tommerdahl KL, Nadeau KJ, Bjornstad P. Mechanisms of cardiorenal protection of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2021, 28:337-346. 10.1053\/j.ackd.2021.06.001","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622319862691","article-title":"Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on comorbidities in older patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Onoviran OF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Onoviran OF, Li D, Toombs Smith S, Raji MA. Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on comorbidities in older patients with diabetes mellitus. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2019, 10:2040622319862691. 10.1177\/2040622319862691","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30311-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus daily canagliflozin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 8): a double-blind, phase 3b, randomised controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Lingvay I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lingvay I, Catarig AM, Frias JP, et al.. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus daily canagliflozin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 8): a double-blind, phase 3b, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019, 7:834-844. 10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30311-0","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9946924","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for chronic weight management","volume":"2023","author":"Wojtara M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wojtara M, Mazumder A, Syeda Y, Mozga\u0142a N. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for chronic weight management. Adv Med. 2023, 2023:9946924. 10.1155\/2023\/9946924","journal-title":"Adv Med"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12824","article-title":"Occurrence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea reported as adverse events in clinical trials studying glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic analysis of published clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Bettge K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bettge K, Kahle M, Abd El Aziz MS, Meier JJ, Nauck MA. Occurrence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea reported as adverse events in clinical trials studying glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic analysis of published clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017, 19:336-347. 10.1111\/dom.12824","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12849","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison analysis","volume":"19","author":"Htike ZZ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Htike ZZ, Zaccardi F, Papamargaritis D, Webb DR, Khunti K, Davies MJ. Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017, 19:524-536. 10.1111\/dom.12849","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61267-7","article-title":"Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-6): A randomised, open-label study","volume":"381","author":"Buse JB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buse JB, Nauck M, Forst T, et al.. Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-6): A randomised, open-label study. Lancet. 2013, 381:117-124. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61267-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020351","article-title":"Incretin hormones in obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders: the clinical perspective","volume":"13","author":"Micha\u0142owska J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Micha\u0142owska J, Miller-Kasprzak E, Bogda\u0144ski P. Incretin hormones in obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders: the clinical perspective. Nutrients. 2021, 13:1-32. 10.3390\/nu13020351","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13964","article-title":"Comparison of the glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists dulaglutide and liraglutide for the management of diabetes in solid organ transplant: a retrospective study","volume":"22","author":"Singh P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh P, Taufeeq M, Pesavento TE, Washburn K, Walsh D, Meng S. Comparison of the glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists dulaglutide and liraglutide for the management of diabetes in solid organ transplant: a retrospective study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020, 22:879-884. 10.1111\/dom.13964","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028136","article-title":"Cardiovascular actions and clinical outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors","volume":"136","author":"Nauck MA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Meier JJ, Cavender MA, Abd El Aziz M, Drucker DJ. Cardiovascular actions and clinical outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Circulation. 2017, 136:849-870. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028136","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.2.194","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"298","author":"Amori RE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amori RE, Lau J, Pittas AG. Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007, 298:194-206. 10.1001\/jama.298.2.194","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso SP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al.. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016, 375:311-322. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.018","article-title":"Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies","volume":"141","author":"Elashoff M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elashoff M, Matveyenko AV, Gier B, Elashoff R, Butler PC. Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies. Gastroenterology. 2011, 141:150-156. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1825","article-title":"Neoplasms reported with liraglutide or placebo in people with type 2 diabetes: results from the LEADER randomized trial","volume":"41","author":"Nauck MA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Jensen TJ, Rosenkilde C, Calanna S, Buse JB. Neoplasms reported with liraglutide or placebo in people with type 2 diabetes: results from the LEADER randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2018, 41:1663-1671. 10.2337\/dc17-1825","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.1531","article-title":"Association of bile duct and gallbladder diseases with the use of incretin-based drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"176","author":"Faillie JL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faillie JL, Yu OH, Yin H, Hillaire-Buys D, Barkun A, Azoulay L. Association of bile duct and gallbladder diseases with the use of incretin-based drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA Intern Med. 2016, 176:1474-1481. 10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.1531","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.0338","article-title":"Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use with risk of gallbladder and biliary diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"182","author":"He L","year":"2022","unstructured":"He L, Wang J, Ping F, et al.. Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use with risk of gallbladder and biliary diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2022, 182:513-519. 10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.0338","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1530-891x(20)43231-8","article-title":"Individualizing lifestyle therapy for patients with obesity","volume":"22","author":"Garvey WT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garvey WT. Individualizing lifestyle therapy for patients with obesity. Endocr Pract. 2016, 22:14-20. 10.1016\/s1530-891x(20)43231-8","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dcS13-2004","article-title":"Do GLP-1-based therapies increase cancer risk?","volume":"36","author":"Nauck MA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Friedrich N. Do GLP-1-based therapies increase cancer risk?. Diabetes Care. 2013, 36:S245-S252. 10.2337\/dcS13-2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein HC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al.. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019, 394:121-130. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0165","article-title":"A phase 2, randomized, dose-finding study of the novel once-weekly human GLP-1 analog, semaglutide, compared with placebo and open-label liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Nauck MA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Petrie JR, Sesti G, et al.. A phase 2, randomized, dose-finding study of the novel once-weekly human GLP-1 analog, semaglutide, compared with placebo and open-label liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2016, 39:231-241. 10.2337\/dc15-0165","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.2.173","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"62","author":"Kolterman OG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kolterman OG, Kim DD, Shen L, Ruggles JA, Nielsen LL, Fineman MS, Baron AD. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005, 62:173-181. 10.1093\/ajhp\/62.2.173","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02484.x","article-title":"Beneficial effects of once-daily liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Courr\u00e8ges JP","year":"2008","unstructured":"Courr\u00e8ges JP, Vilsb\u00f8ll T, Zdravkovic M, et al.. Beneficial effects of once-daily liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2008, 25:1129-1131. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02484.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.140","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Meier JJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012, 8:728-742. 10.1038\/nrendo.2012.140","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00726","article-title":"Discovery of the once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue semaglutide","volume":"58","author":"Lau J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lau J, Bloch P, Sch\u00e4ffer L, et al.. Discovery of the once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue semaglutide. J Med Chem. 2015, 58:7370-7380. 10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00726","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S391819","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of liraglutide and semaglutide on weight loss in people with obesity or overweight: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Xie Z","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie Z, Yang S, Deng W, Li J, Chen J. Efficacy and safety of liraglutide and semaglutide on weight loss in people with obesity or overweight: a systematic review. Clin Epidemiol. 2022, 14:1463-1476. 10.2147\/CLEP.S391819","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12927","article-title":"Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia burden in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating basal insulin in Europe and the USA","volume":"19","author":"Mauricio D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mauricio D, Meneghini L, Seufert J, et al.. Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia burden in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating basal insulin in Europe and the USA. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017, 19:1155-1164. 10.1111\/dom.12927","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30249-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials","volume":"7","author":"Kristensen SL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kristensen SL, R\u00f8rth R, Jhund PS, et al.. Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019, 7:776-785. 10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30249-9","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S009","article-title":"9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142022","volume":"45","author":"Committee ADAPP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Committee ADAPP. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142022. Diabetes Care. 2022, 45:S125-S143. 10.2337\/dc22-S009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz486","article-title":"2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD","volume":"41","author":"Cosentino F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al.. 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020, 41:255-323. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz486","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.029282","article-title":"Role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in achieving weight loss and improving cardiovascular outcomes in people with overweight and obesity","volume":"12","author":"Michos ED","year":"2023","unstructured":"Michos ED, Lopez-Jimenez F, Gulati M. Role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in achieving weight loss and improving cardiovascular outcomes in people with overweight and obesity. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023, 12:e029282. 10.1161\/JAHA.122.029282","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/CS-2019-0472","article-title":"Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm - 2020 executive summary","volume":"26","author":"Garber AJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Grunberger G, et al.. Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm - 2020 executive summary. Endocr Pract. 2020, 26:107-139. 10.4158\/CS-2019-0472","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.020","article-title":"Extracellular matrix in ischemic heart disease, Part 4\/4: JACC\u00a0Focus Seminar","volume":"75","author":"Frangogiannis NG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frangogiannis NG, Kovacic JC. Extracellular matrix in ischemic heart disease, Part 4\/4: JACC\u00a0Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020, 75:2219-2235. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21140","article-title":"Challenging obesity: patient, provider, and expert perspectives on the roles of available and emerging nonsurgical therapies","volume":"23","author":"Apovian CM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Apovian CM, Garvey WT, Ryan DH. Challenging obesity: patient, provider, and expert perspectives on the roles of available and emerging nonsurgical therapies. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015, 23:S1-S26. 10.1002\/oby.21140","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.004","article-title":"EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"64","author":"Marchesini G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marchesini G, Day CP, Dufour JF, et al.. EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016, 64:1388-1402. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref102","article-title":"KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease","volume":"102","author":"Garabed E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garabed E, Norbert L. KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Int Soc Nephrol. 2022, 102:S1-S127.","journal-title":"Int Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S357540","article-title":"Healthcare resource utilization and associated costs in new users of empagliflozin versus DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists: a comparative analysis based on retrospective real-world data from German sickness funds","volume":"14","author":"Wilke T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilke T, Picker N, M\u00fcller S, et al.. Healthcare resource utilization and associated costs in new users of empagliflozin versus DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists: a comparative analysis based on retrospective real-world data from German sickness funds. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2022, 14:319-332. 10.2147\/CEOR.S357540","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03698.x","article-title":"Estimating the current and future costs of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in the UK, including direct health costs and indirect societal and productivity costs","volume":"29","author":"Hex N","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hex N, Bartlett C, Wright D, Taylor M, Varley D. Estimating the current and future costs of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in the UK, including direct health costs and indirect societal and productivity costs. Diabet Med. 2012, 29:855-862. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03698.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01070-z","article-title":"Indirect comparison of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists regarding cardiovascular safety and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: network meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Alfayez OM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alfayez OM, Almohammed OA, Alkhezi OS, Almutairi AR, Al Yami MS. Indirect comparison of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists regarding cardiovascular safety and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: network meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020, 19:96. 10.1186\/s12933-020-01070-z","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3191","article-title":"The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in hospitalised patients: an untapped potential","volume":"35","author":"Mustafa OG","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mustafa OG, Whyte MB. The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in hospitalised patients: an untapped potential. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019, 35:e3191. 10.1002\/dmrr.3191","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.2.182","article-title":"Effect of improved glycemic control on health care costs and utilization","volume":"285","author":"Wagner EH","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wagner EH, Sandhu N, Newton KM, McCulloch DK, Ramsey SD, Grothaus LC. Effect of improved glycemic control on health care costs and utilization. JAMA. 2001, 285:182-189. 10.1001\/jama.285.2.182","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01211-4","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus insulin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a real-world study and systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Yang CY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang CY, Chen YR, Ou HT, Kuo S. Cost-effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus insulin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a real-world study and systematic review. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021, 20:21. 10.1186\/s12933-020-01211-4","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"ref109","unstructured":"Ozempic\u00ae Savings Card | Ozempic\u00ae (semaglutide) injection. (2024). Accessed. August 16, 2024: https:\/\/www.ozempic.com\/savings-and-resources\/save-on-ozempic.html."},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2021.100111","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the use of newer diabetes medications in the Look AHEAD study","volume":"6","author":"Elhussein A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elhussein A, Anderson A, Bancks MP, et al.. Racial\/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the use of newer diabetes medications in the Look AHEAD study. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022, 6:10.1016\/j.lana.2021.100111","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"Health disparities: gaps in access, quality and affordability of medical care","volume":"123","author":"Riley WJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Riley WJ. Health disparities: gaps in access, quality and affordability of medical care. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2012, 123:167-174.","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13010065","article-title":"GLP1 receptor agonists-effects beyond obesity and diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Wilbon SS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wilbon SS, Kolonin MG. GLP1 receptor agonists-effects beyond obesity and diabetes. Cells. 2023, 13:10.3390\/cells13010065","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32374-6","article-title":"The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives","volume":"396","author":"Chan JCN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chan JCN, Lim LL, Wareham NJ, et al.. The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives. Lancet. 2020, 396:2019-2082. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32374-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05962-z","article-title":"Socioeconomic aspects of incretin-based therapy","volume":"66","author":"Karagiannis T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karagiannis T, Bekiari E, Tsapas A. Socioeconomic aspects of incretin-based therapy. Diabetologia. 2023, 66:1859-1868. 10.1007\/s00125-023-05962-z","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13553","article-title":"Cardiovascular safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: rationale, design and patient baseline characteristics for the PIONEER 6 trial","volume":"21","author":"Bain SC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bain SC, Mosenzon O, Arechavaleta R, et al.. Cardiovascular safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: rationale, design and patient baseline characteristics for the PIONEER 6 trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019, 21:499-508. 10.1111\/dom.13553","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055459","article-title":"Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists semaglutide and liraglutide on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and LEADER","volume":"145","author":"Shaman AM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaman AM, Bain SC, Bakris GL, et al.. Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists semaglutide and liraglutide on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and LEADER. Circulation. 2022, 145:575-585. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055459","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-014-0080-0","article-title":"Cost-utility analysis of glucagon-like Peptide-1 agonists compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or neutral protamine hagedorn Basal insulin as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes in sweden","volume":"5","author":"Kiadaliri AA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kiadaliri AA, Gerdtham UG, Eliasson B, Carlsson KS. Cost-utility analysis of glucagon-like Peptide-1 agonists compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or neutral protamine hagedorn Basal insulin as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes in sweden. Diabetes Ther. 2014, 5:591-607. 10.1007\/s13300-014-0080-0","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2021.4182","article-title":"Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic inequities in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use among patients with diabetes in the US","volume":"2","author":"Eberly LA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eberly LA, Yang L, Essien UR, et al.. Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic inequities in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use among patients with diabetes in the US. JAMA Health Forum. 2021, 2:e214182. 10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2021.4182","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2020.102605","article-title":"A multi-stakeholder perspective on sustainable healthcare: from 2030 onwards","volume":"122","author":"Pereno A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pereno A, Eriksson D. A multi-stakeholder perspective on sustainable healthcare: from 2030 onwards. Futures. 2020, 122:102605. 10.1016\/j.futures.2020.102605","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.13172","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation among patients with obesity and\/or type 2 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Do D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Do D, Lee T, Peasah SK, Good CB, Inneh A, Patel U. GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation among patients with obesity and\/or type 2 diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. 2024, 7:e2413172. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.13172","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/ds16-0026","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Hinnen D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hinnen D. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Spectr. 2017, 30:202-210. 10.2337\/ds16-0026","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30097-9","article-title":"The global economic burden of diabetes in adults aged 20-79 years: a cost-of-illness study","volume":"5","author":"Bommer C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bommer C, Heesemann E, Sagalova V, Manne-Goehler J, Atun R, B\u00e4rnighausen T, Vollmer S. The global economic burden of diabetes in adults aged 20-79 years: a cost-of-illness study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017, 5:423-430. 10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30097-9","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07105-9","article-title":"The longer-term benefits and harms of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Alexander JT","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alexander JT, Staab EM, Wan W, et al.. The longer-term benefits and harms of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2022, 37:415-438. 10.1007\/s11606-021-07105-9","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102661","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight reduction in people living with obesity but without diabetes: a living benefit-harm modelling study","volume":"73","author":"Moll H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moll H, Frey E, Gerber P, et al.. GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight reduction in people living with obesity but without diabetes: a living benefit-harm modelling study. EClinicalMedicine. 2024, 73:102661. 10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102661","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.3474","article-title":"Estimated sustainable cost-based prices for diabetes medicines","volume":"7","author":"Barber MJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barber MJ, Gotham D, Bygrave H, Cepuch C. Estimated sustainable cost-based prices for diabetes medicines. JAMA Netw Open. 2024, 7:e243474. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.3474","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51151","article-title":"Novel therapies in diabetes: a comprehensive narrative review of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and beyond","volume":"15","author":"Olanrewaju OA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olanrewaju OA, Sheeba F, Kumar A, et al.. Novel therapies in diabetes: a comprehensive narrative review of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and beyond. Cureus. 2023, 15:e51151. 10.7759\/cureus.51151","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01324-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS- 1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"398","author":"Rosenstock J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosenstock J, Wysham C, Fr\u00edas JP, et al.. Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS- 1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021, 398:143-155. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01324-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00803-X","article-title":"Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study","volume":"387","author":"Armstrong MJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Armstrong MJ, Gaunt P, Aithal GP, et al.. Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Lancet. 2016, 387:679-690. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00803-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021703","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and future perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Nevola R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nevola R, Epifani R, Imbriani S, et al.. GLP-1 receptor agonists in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and future perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:10.3390\/ijms24021703","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0384","article-title":"State of type 1 diabetes management and outcomes from the T1D exchange in 2016-2018","volume":"21","author":"Foster NC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Foster NC, Beck RW, Miller KM, et al.. State of type 1 diabetes management and outcomes from the T1D exchange in 2016-2018. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019, 21:66-72. 10.1089\/dia.2018.0384","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.581461","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent obesity: a review","volume":"8","author":"Kansra AR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kansra AR, Lakkunarajah S, Jay MS. Childhood and adolescent obesity: a review. Front Pediatr. 2020, 8:581461. 10.3389\/fped.2020.581461","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14496","article-title":"The evolving story of incretins (GIP and GLP-1) in metabolic and cardiovascular disease: a pathophysiological update","volume":"23","author":"Nauck MA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Quast DR, Wefers J, Pfeiffer AF. The evolving story of incretins (GIP and GLP-1) in metabolic and cardiovascular disease: a pathophysiological update. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021, 23:5-29. 10.1111\/dom.14496","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01516-z","article-title":"Evaluating the clinical effectiveness and safety of semaglutide in individuals with uncontrolled type\u00a02 diabetes. Real-world evidence from Saudi Arabia: the observational, multicenter, 15-month EVOLUTION study","volume":"15","author":"Alsheikh A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alsheikh A, Alshehri A, Alzahrani S, et al.. Evaluating the clinical effectiveness and safety of semaglutide in individuals with uncontrolled type\u00a02 diabetes. Real-world evidence from Saudi Arabia: the observational, multicenter, 15-month EVOLUTION study. Diabetes Ther. 2024, 15:473-485. 10.1007\/s13300-023-01516-z","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/275769-glucagon-like-peptide-1-glp-1-receptor-agonists-exploring-their-impact-on-diabetes-obesity-and-cardiovascular-health-through-a-comprehensive-literature-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T11:40:59Z","timestamp":1725190859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/275769-glucagon-like-peptide-1-glp-1-receptor-agonists-exploring-their-impact-on-diabetes-obesity-and-cardiovascular-health-through-a-comprehensive-literature-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"references-count":133,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.68390","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}}}