{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T06:29:21Z","timestamp":1763274561285},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.68584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T03:27:12Z","timestamp":1725420432000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Pattern of Practice in the Management of Early Diabetic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Abdullah H","family":"Almalki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laila F","family":"Sadagah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Makeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed E","family":"Balla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meshari","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Kouther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Aljuffri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Marwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Kotbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dahlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Turki","family":"Banamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Awais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majed","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-022-01092-1","article-title":"National and regional prevalence rates of diabetes in Saudi Arabia: analysis of national survey data","volume":"43","author":"Alqahtani B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alqahtani B, Elnaggar RK, Alshehri MM, Khunti K, Alenazi A. National and regional prevalence rates of diabetes in Saudi Arabia: analysis of national survey data. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2023, 43:392-7. 10.1007\/s13410-022-01092-1","journal-title":"Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2023.44.2.20220719","article-title":"Prevalence of microvascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who visited diabetes clinics in Saudi Arabia","volume":"44","author":"Alnaim MM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alnaim MM, Alrsaheed A, Alkhateeb AA, Aljaafari MM, Alismail A. Prevalence of microvascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who visited diabetes clinics in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2023, 44:211-7. 10.15537\/smj.2023.44.2.20220719","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.10.042","article-title":"Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in a general population of patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a Danish cohort study","volume":"133","author":"Fangel MV","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fangel MV, Nielsen PB, Kristensen JK, Larsen TB, Overvad TF, Lip GY, Jensen MB. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in a general population of patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a Danish cohort study. Am J Med. 2020, 133:e269-79. 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.10.042","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054169","article-title":"Risk factors of microalbuminuria among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea: a cross-sectional study based on 2019-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data","volume":"20","author":"Bae ES","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bae ES, Hur JY, Jang HS, Kim JS, Kang HS. Risk factors of microalbuminuria among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea: a cross-sectional study based on 2019-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023, 20:4169. 10.3390\/ijerph20054169","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa01116","article-title":"Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"345","author":"Brenner BM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brenner BM, Cooper ME, De Zeeuw D, et al.. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001, 345:861-9. 10.1056\/NEJMoa01116","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_394_22","article-title":"Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the general population of Saudi Arabia, 2000-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"11","author":"Jarrar M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jarrar M, Abusalah MA, Albaker W, et al.. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the general population of Saudi Arabia, 2000-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2023, 11:1-10. 10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_394_22","journal-title":"Saudi J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.012","article-title":"The case for early identification and intervention of chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference","volume":"99","author":"Shlipak MG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shlipak MG, Tummalapalli SL, Boulware LE, et al.. The case for early identification and intervention of chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference. Kidney Int. 2021, 99:34-47. 10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S011","article-title":"11. Microvascular complications and foot care: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. 11. Microvascular complications and foot care: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020, 43:S135-51. 10.2337\/dc20-S011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2715","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease testing among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes across 24 U.S. health care organizations","volume":"44","author":"Stempniewicz N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stempniewicz N, Vassalotti JA, Cuddeback JK, et al.. Chronic kidney disease testing among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes across 24 U.S. health care organizations. Diabetes Care. 2021, 44:2000-9. 10.2337\/dc20-2715","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.531","article-title":"Lower estimated GFR and higher albuminuria are associated with adverse kidney outcomes. A collaborative meta-analysis of general and high-risk population cohorts","volume":"80","author":"Gansevoort RT","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gansevoort RT, Matsushita K, van der Velde M, et al.. Lower estimated GFR and higher albuminuria are associated with adverse kidney outcomes. A collaborative meta-analysis of general and high-risk population cohorts. Kidney Int. 2011, 80:93-104. 10.1038\/ki.2010.531","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110535","article-title":"Primary care detection of chronic kidney disease in adults with type-2 diabetes: the ADD-CKD Study (awareness, detection and drug therapy in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease)","volume":"9","author":"Szczech LA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Szczech LA, Stewart RC, Su HL, et al.. Primary care detection of chronic kidney disease in adults with type-2 diabetes: the ADD-CKD Study (awareness, detection and drug therapy in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease). PLoS One. 2014, 9:e110535. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0110535","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17323","article-title":"Albuminuria testing in hypertension and diabetes: an individual-participant data meta-analysis in a global consortium","volume":"78","author":"Shin JI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shin JI, Chang AR, Grams ME, et al.. Albuminuria testing in hypertension and diabetes: an individual-participant data meta-analysis in a global consortium. Hypertension. 2021, 78:1042-52. 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17323","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062991","article-title":"Screening for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with diabetes: a nationwide survey in Korea","volume":"8","author":"Byun SH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Byun SH, Ma SH, Jun JK, Jung KW, Park B. Screening for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with diabetes: a nationwide survey in Korea. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e62991. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0062991","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.07.037","article-title":"Adherence to chronic kidney disease screening guidelines among patients with type 2 diabetes in a US administrative claims database","volume":"96","author":"Folkerts K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Folkerts K, Petruski-Ivleva N, Comerford E, et al.. Adherence to chronic kidney disease screening guidelines among patients with type 2 diabetes in a US administrative claims database. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021, 96:975-86. 10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.07.037","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0260","article-title":"Who is tested for diabetic kidney disease and who initiates treatment? The Translating Research Into Action For Diabetes (TRIAD) study","volume":"29","author":"Johnson SL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnson SL, Tierney EF, Onyemere KU, et al.. Who is tested for diabetic kidney disease and who initiates treatment? The Translating Research Into Action For Diabetes (TRIAD) study. Diabetes Care. 2006, 29:1733-8. 10.2337\/dc06-0260","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.07.003","article-title":"Improving frequency of urinary albumin testing in type 2 diabetes in primary care - an analysis of cross-sectional studies in Denmark","volume":"15","author":"Persson F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Persson F, Charles M, Povlsen JV, Knudsen ST. Improving frequency of urinary albumin testing in type 2 diabetes in primary care - an analysis of cross-sectional studies in Denmark. Prim Care Diabetes. 2021, 15:1007-11. 10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.07.003","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8229.197174","article-title":"Prevalence of microalbuminuria and its correlates among diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic at National Guard Hospital in Alhasa","volume":"24","author":"AlFehaid AA","year":"2017","unstructured":"AlFehaid AA. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and its correlates among diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic at National Guard Hospital in Alhasa. J Family Community Med. 2017, 24:1-5. 10.4103\/2230-8229.197174","journal-title":"J Family Community Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29808","article-title":"Prevalence of microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus type-II in Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"14","author":"Jatoi NA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jatoi NA, Said AH, Al-Ghamdi MS, et al.. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus type-II in Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2022, 14:e29808. 10.7759\/cureus.29808","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2018.03.01.1010","article-title":"The Saudi Diabetic Kidney Disease study (Saudi-DKD): clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters","volume":"38","author":"Al-Rubeaan K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Rubeaan K, Siddiqui K, Alghonaim M, Youssef AM, AlNaqeb D. The Saudi Diabetic Kidney Disease study (Saudi-DKD): clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters. Ann Saudi Med. 2018, 38:46-56. 10.5144\/0256-4947.2018.03.01.1010","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088956","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy and its risk factors in a society with a type 2 diabetes epidemic: a Saudi National Diabetes Registry-based study","volume":"9","author":"Al-Rubeaan K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Rubeaan K, Youssef AM, Subhani SN, et al.. Diabetic nephropathy and its risk factors in a society with a type 2 diabetes epidemic: a Saudi National Diabetes Registry-based study. PLoS One. 2014, 9:e88956. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0088956","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1541336905","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients, Taif City, Saudi Arabia","volume":"3","author":"Alzahrani BS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alzahrani BS, Alzidani TH, Alturkistani AM, Abozaid H. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients, Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Int J Med Dev Ctries. 2019, 3:167-72. 10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1541336905","journal-title":"Int J Med Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00351.x","article-title":"Indications for and utilization of ACE inhibitors in older individuals with diabetes. Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002","volume":"21","author":"Rosen AB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosen AB. Indications for and utilization of ACE inhibitors in older individuals with diabetes. Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002. J Gen Intern Med. 2006, 21:315-9. 10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00351.x","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2016.01.005","article-title":"Utilization of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in patients diagnosed with diabetes: analysis from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey","volume":"3","author":"Ibrahim SL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ibrahim SL, Jiroutek MR, Holland MA, Sutton BS. Utilization of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in patients diagnosed with diabetes: analysis from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Prev Med Rep. 2016, 3:166-70. 10.1016\/j.pmedr.2016.01.005","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.24.3273","article-title":"Renal insufficiency in the absence of albuminuria and retinopathy among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"289","author":"Kramer HJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kramer HJ, Nguyen QD, Curhan G, Hsu CY. Renal insufficiency in the absence of albuminuria and retinopathy among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2003, 289:3273-7. 10.1001\/jama.289.24.3273","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1620","article-title":"Risk factors for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 74","volume":"55","author":"Retnakaran R","year":"2006","unstructured":"Retnakaran R, Cull CA, Thorne KI, Adler AI, Holman RR. Risk factors for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 74. Diabetes. 2006, 55:1832-9. 10.2337\/db05-1620","journal-title":"Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/285523-the-pattern-of-practice-in-the-management-of-early-diabetic-kidney-disease","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T03:27:17Z","timestamp":1725420437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/285523-the-pattern-of-practice-in-the-management-of-early-diabetic-kidney-disease"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.68584","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]}}}