{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:11:46Z","timestamp":1790691106005,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.69028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T23:03:43Z","timestamp":1725923023000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neuropharmacology of Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Umar","family":"Mian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishal","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqsa A","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muniba","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashaf","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marhaba","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivangi","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binay K","family":"Panjiyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012499","article-title":"Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults","volume":"2017","author":"McNicol ED","year":"2017","unstructured":"McNicol ED, Ferguson MC, Schumann R. Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017, 2017:CD012499. 10.1002\/14651858.CD012499","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012227","article-title":"Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without codeine or dihydrocodeine for neuropathic pain in adults","volume":"2016","author":"Wiffen PJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wiffen PJ, Knaggs R, Derry S, Cole P, Phillips T, Moore RA. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without codeine or dihydrocodeine for neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016, 2016:.. 10.1002\/14651858.CD012227","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.19","article-title":"Individualized pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain","volume":"97","author":"Helfert SM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Helfert SM, Reimer M, H\u00f6per J, Baron R. Individualized pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015, 97:135-42. 10.1002\/cpt.19","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.02.008","article-title":"Deconstructing the neuropathic pain phenotype to reveal neural mechanisms","volume":"73","author":"von Hehn CA","year":"2012","unstructured":"von Hehn CA, Baron R, Woolf CJ. Deconstructing the neuropathic pain phenotype to reveal neural mechanisms. Neuron. 2012, 73:638-52. 10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.02.008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2","article-title":"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Vos T","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, et al.. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012, 380:2163-96. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12050","article-title":"The costs and consequences of adequately managed chronic non-cancer pain and chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"14","author":"Andrew R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrew R, Derry S, Taylor RS, Straube S, Phillips CJ. The costs and consequences of adequately managed chronic non-cancer pain and chronic neuropathic pain. Pain Pract. 2014, 14:79-94. 10.1111\/papr.12050","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al.. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019, 366:l4898. 10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea BJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, et al.. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ. 2017, 358:j4008. 10.1136\/bmj.j4008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S41073-019-0064-8\/TABLES\/1","article-title":"SANRA\u2014a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles","volume":"4","author":"Baethge C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baethge C, Goldbeck-Wood S, Mertens S. SANRA\u2014a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles. Res Integr Peer Rev. 2019, 4:1-7. 10.1186\/S41073-019-0064-8\/TABLES\/1","journal-title":"Res Integr Peer Rev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S40122-017-0091-4\/FIGURES\/2","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain: a review","volume":"6","author":"Fornasari D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fornasari D. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain: a review. Pain Ther. 2017, 6:25-33. 10.1007\/S40122-017-0091-4\/FIGURES\/2","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev326","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor-inhibition (EGFR-I) in the treatment of neuropathic pain","volume":"115","author":"Kersten C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kersten C, Cameron MG, Laird B, Mj\u00e5land S. Epidermal growth factor receptor-inhibition (EGFR-I) in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Br J Anaesth. 2015, 115:761-7. 10.1093\/bja\/aev326","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112483","article-title":"Analgesic mechanisms of antidepressants for neuropathic pain","volume":"18","author":"Obata H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Obata H. Analgesic mechanisms of antidepressants for neuropathic pain. Int J Mol Sci. 2017, 18:10.3390\/ijms18112483","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.014399","article-title":"Etiology and pharmacology of neuropathic pain","volume":"70","author":"Alles SR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alles SR, Smith PA. Etiology and pharmacology of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Rev. 2018, 70:315-47. 10.1124\/pr.117.014399","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806920901890","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: An overview from pathophysiology to pharmacological treatments","volume":"16","author":"Gambeta E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gambeta E, Chichorro JG, Zamponi GW. Trigeminal neuralgia: An overview from pathophysiology to pharmacological treatments. Mol Pain. 2020, 16:1744806920901890. 10.1177\/1744806920901890","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010567.pub2","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia - an overview of Cochrane reviews","volume":"2013","author":"Wiffen PJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Moore RA, et al.. Antiepileptic drugs for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia - an overview of Cochrane reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013, 2013:CD010567. 10.1002\/14651858.CD010567.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276012","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of different antidepressants and anticonvulsants in central poststroke pain: a network meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Chen KY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen KY, Li RY. Efficacy and safety of different antidepressants and anticonvulsants in central poststroke pain: a network meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One. 2022, 17:e0276012. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0276012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26206257","article-title":"Safety of medical cannabis in neuropathic chronic pain management","volume":"26","author":"Bennici A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bennici A, Mannucci C, Calapai F, et al.. Safety of medical cannabis in neuropathic chronic pain management. Molecules. 2021, 26:10.3390\/molecules26206257","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1155","article-title":"Superiority of capsaicin 8% patch versus oral pregabalin on dynamic mechanical allodynia in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain","volume":"22","author":"Cruccu G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cruccu G, Nurmikko TJ, Ernault E, Riaz FK, McBride WT, Haanp\u00e4\u00e4 M. Superiority of capsaicin 8% patch versus oral pregabalin on dynamic mechanical allodynia in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain. 2018, 22:700-6. 10.1002\/ejp.1155","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103925","article-title":"Efficacy of fluoxetine, riluzole and amiloride in treating neuropathic pain associated with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Pre-specified analysis of the MS-SMART double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"Foley P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Foley P, Parker RA, de Angelis F, et al.. Efficacy of fluoxetine, riluzole and amiloride in treating neuropathic pain associated with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Pre-specified analysis of the MS-SMART double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022, 63:103925. 10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103925","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S185995","article-title":"A comparative double-blind randomized study on the effectiveness of duloxetine and gabapentin on painful diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy","volume":"13","author":"Majdinasab N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Majdinasab N, Kaveyani H, Azizi M. A comparative double-blind randomized study on the effectiveness of duloxetine and gabapentin on painful diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019, 13:1985-92. 10.2147\/DDDT.S185995","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S207350","article-title":"Dextromethorphan and memantine after ketamine analgesia: a randomized control trial","volume":"13","author":"Martin E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin E, Sorel M, Morel V, et al.. Dextromethorphan and memantine after ketamine analgesia: a randomized control trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019, 13:2677-88. 10.2147\/DDDT.S207350","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2008.01.012","article-title":"Development and preliminary validation of the NePIQoL: a quality-of-life measure for neuropathic pain","volume":"37","author":"Poole HM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Poole HM, Murphy P, Nurmikko TJ. Development and preliminary validation of the NePIQoL: a quality-of-life measure for neuropathic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2009, 37:233-45. 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2008.01.012","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-018-2501-0","article-title":"Executive summary of the clinical guidelines of pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain: second edition by the Japanese society of pain clinicians","volume":"32","author":"Sumitani M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sumitani M, Sakai T, Matsuda Y, Abe H, Yamaguchi S, Hosokawa T, Fukui S. Executive summary of the clinical guidelines of pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain: second edition by the Japanese society of pain clinicians. J Anesth. 2018, 32:463-78. 10.1007\/s00540-018-2501-0","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Kikkeri NS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kikkeri NS, Nagalli S. Trigeminal neuralgia. StatPearls Publishing, 2024."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz075","article-title":"A comprehensive algorithm for management of neuropathic pain","volume":"20","author":"Bates D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bates D, Schultheis BC, Hanes MC, et al.. A comprehensive algorithm for management of neuropathic pain. Pain Med. 2019, 20:S2-S12. 10.1093\/pm\/pnz075","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Antidepressants for neuropathic pain (antidepressant therapy for neuropathic pain). (2023). Accessed. August 23, 2024: https:\/\/primarycarenotebook.com\/pages\/neurology\/antidepressants-for-neuropathic-pain-antidepressant-therapy-for-neuro...."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105739","article-title":"The P2X4 receptor: cellular and molecular characteristics of a promising neuroinflammatory target","volume":"23","author":"Sophocleous RA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sophocleous RA, Ooi L, Sluyter R. The P2X4 receptor: cellular and molecular characteristics of a promising neuroinflammatory target. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, 23:10.3390\/ijms23105739","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Acute administration of gabapentin reduces voltage-gated calcium channel current in mammalian retinal ganglion cells","volume":"52","author":"Farrell S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farrell S, Sargoy A, King J, Brecha N, Barnes S. Acute administration of gabapentin reduces voltage-gated calcium channel current in mammalian retinal ganglion cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011, 52:4574.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-76469-8.00168-4","article-title":"Gabapentin","volume":"919","author":"Yasaei R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yasaei R, Katta S, Patel P, Saadabadi A. Gabapentin. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. 2024, 919:21. 10.1016\/B978-0-323-76469-8.00168-4","journal-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.01.040","article-title":"Gabapentin increases extracellular glutamatergic level in the locus coeruleus via astroglial glutamate transporter-dependent mechanisms","volume":"81","author":"Suto T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suto T, Severino AL, Eisenach JC, Hayashida K. Gabapentin increases extracellular glutamatergic level in the locus coeruleus via astroglial glutamate transporter-dependent mechanisms. Neuropharmacology. 2014, 81:95-100. 10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.01.040","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463720912496","article-title":"Gabapentinoids: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and considerations for clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Chincholkar M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chincholkar M. Gabapentinoids: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and considerations for clinical practice. Br J Pain. 2020, 14:104-14. 10.1177\/2049463720912496","journal-title":"Br J Pain"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105812","article-title":"Impact of gastrointestinal tract variability on oral drug absorption and pharmacokinetics: an UNGAP review","volume":"162","author":"Vinarov Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vinarov Z, Abdallah M, Agundez JA, et al.. Impact of gastrointestinal tract variability on oral drug absorption and pharmacokinetics: an UNGAP review. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021, 162:105812. 10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105812","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01165.x","article-title":"Pregabalin assay in a patient with widespread neuropathic pain and late onset gluten intolerance","volume":"12","author":"Hanu-Cernat DE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanu-Cernat DE, Phipps AN, Raphael JH. Pregabalin assay in a patient with widespread neuropathic pain and late onset gluten intolerance. Pain Med. 2011, 12:1262-6. 10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01165.x","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Lamotrigine for use in Spinal Cord Injury Induced Neuropathic Pain OR for Intractable Trigeminal Neuralgia. (2024). Accessed. September 2024: https:\/\/www.seslhd.health.nsw.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Lamotrigine%20for%20use%20in%20Spinal%20Cord%20Inj...."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.123","article-title":"Effectiveness of amitriptyline and lamotrigine in traumatic spinal cord injury-induced neuropathic pain: a randomized longitudinal comparative study","volume":"55","author":"Agarwal N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agarwal N, Joshi M. Effectiveness of amitriptyline and lamotrigine in traumatic spinal cord injury-induced neuropathic pain: a randomized longitudinal comparative study. Spinal Cord. 2017, 55:126-30. 10.1038\/sc.2016.123","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738419838383","article-title":"The neuropathic pain: an overview of the current treatment and future therapeutic approaches","volume":"33","author":"Cavalli E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cavalli E, Mammana S, Nicoletti F, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. The neuropathic pain: an overview of the current treatment and future therapeutic approaches. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2019, 33:2058738419838383. 10.1177\/2058738419838383","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/2595-0118.20230040-EN","article-title":"Lidocaine 5% patch in the treatment of localized neuropathic pain due to nerve compression. Case reports","volume":"6","author":"Liggieri A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liggieri A, Palladini M. Lidocaine 5% patch in the treatment of localized neuropathic pain due to nerve compression. Case reports. SciElo Brazil. 2023, 6:215-9. 10.5935\/2595-0118.20230040-EN","journal-title":"SciElo Brazil"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010958.pub2","article-title":"Topical lidocaine for neuropathic pain in adults","volume":"2014","author":"Derry S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA, Quinlan J. Topical lidocaine for neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014, 2014:CD010958. 10.1002\/14651858.CD010958.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S328228","article-title":"Topical lidocaine for chronic pain treatment","volume":"15","author":"Voute M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Voute M, Morel V, Pickering G. Topical lidocaine for chronic pain treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021, 15:4091-103. 10.2147\/DDDT.S328228","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Finnerup NB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, et al.. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2015, 14:162-73. 10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Pain pharmacology: focus on opioids","volume":"11","author":"Fornasari D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fornasari D. Pain pharmacology: focus on opioids. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2014, 11:165-8.","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.55.7.971","article-title":"Lack of efficacy of riluzole in the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain conditions","volume":"55","author":"Galer BS","year":"2000","unstructured":"Galer BS, Twilling LL, Harle J, Cluff RS, Friedman E, Rowbotham MC. Lack of efficacy of riluzole in the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain conditions. Neurology. 2000, 55:971-5. 10.1212\/wnl.55.7.971","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.15616","article-title":"Riluzole for cervical myelopathy","volume":"7","author":"Ghogawala Z","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghogawala Z. Riluzole for cervical myelopathy. JAMA Netw Open. 2024, 7:e2415616. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.15616","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab222","article-title":"Riluzole, a glutamate modulator, slows cerebral glucose metabolism decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"144","author":"Matthews DC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matthews DC, Mao X, Dowd K, et al.. Riluzole, a glutamate modulator, slows cerebral glucose metabolism decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2021, 144:3742-55. 10.1093\/brain\/awab222","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135351","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of Riluzole and Curcumin in human astrocytes and spinal cord white matter hypoxia","volume":"738","author":"Daverey A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daverey A, Agrawal SK. Neuroprotective effects of Riluzole and Curcumin in human astrocytes and spinal cord white matter hypoxia. Neurosci Lett. 2020, 738:135351. 10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135351","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.8.1238","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of amiloride and benzamil in neuropathic pain model rats","volume":"28","author":"Jeong S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeong S, Lee SH, Kim YO, Yoon MH. Antinociceptive effects of amiloride and benzamil in neuropathic pain model rats. J Korean Med Sci. 2013, 28:1238-43. 10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.8.1238","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9968228","article-title":"The role of neurotropic B vitamins in nerve regeneration","volume":"2021","author":"Baltrusch S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baltrusch S. The role of neurotropic B vitamins in nerve regeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2021, 2021:9968228. 10.1155\/2021\/9968228","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9060674","article-title":"Nutritional supplements for the treatment of neuropathic pain","volume":"9","author":"Abdelrahman KM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelrahman KM, Hackshaw KV. Nutritional supplements for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Biomedicines. 2021, 9:10.3390\/biomedicines9060674","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082221","article-title":"B12 as a treatment for peripheral neuropathic pain: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Julian T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Julian T, Syeed R, Glascow N, Angelopoulou E, Zis P. B12 as a treatment for peripheral neuropathic pain: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2020, 12:10.3390\/nu12082221","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab116","article-title":"A systematic review on the efficacy of vitamin B supplementation on diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"80","author":"Farah S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farah S, Yammine K. A systematic review on the efficacy of vitamin B supplementation on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Nutr Rev. 2022, 80:1340-55. 10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab116","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v14.i5.585","article-title":"Association between metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Sayedali E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sayedali E, Yalin AE, Yalin S. Association between metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes. 2023, 14:585-93. 10.4239\/wjd.v14.i5.585","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.785176","article-title":"Cannabinoid therapeutics in chronic neuropathic pain: from animal research to human treatment","volume":"12","author":"Campos RM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Campos RM, Aguiar AF, Paes-Colli Y, Trindade PM, Ferreira BK, de Melo Reis RA, Sampaio LS. Cannabinoid therapeutics in chronic neuropathic pain: from animal research to human treatment. Front Physiol. 2021, 12:785176. 10.3389\/fphys.2021.785176","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00879-w","article-title":"Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"36","author":"Petzke F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Petzke F, T\u00f6lle T, Fitzcharles MA, H\u00e4user W. Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain. CNS Drugs. 2022, 36:31-44. 10.1007\/s40263-021-00879-w","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-022-00465-y","article-title":"Cannabinoids as a potential alternative to opioids in the management of various pain subtypes: benefits, limitations, and risks","volume":"12","author":"Ang SP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ang SP, Sidharthan S, Lai W, et al.. Cannabinoids as a potential alternative to opioids in the management of various pain subtypes: benefits, limitations, and risks. Pain Ther. 2023, 12:355-75. 10.1007\/s40122-022-00465-y","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285613501576","article-title":"Capsaicinoids in the treatment of neuropathic pain: a review","volume":"7","author":"Peppin JF","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peppin JF, Pappagallo M. Capsaicinoids in the treatment of neuropathic pain: a review. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2014, 7:22-32. 10.1177\/1756285613501576","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Topical capsaicin for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain in adults","volume":"96","author":"Crawford P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crawford P, Xu Y. Topical capsaicin for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2017, 96:","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S308028","article-title":"Systematic review of systemic and neuraxial effects of acetaminophen in preclinical models of nociceptive processing","volume":"14","author":"Hoshijima H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoshijima H, Hunt M, Nagasaka H, Yaksh T. Systematic review of systemic and neuraxial effects of acetaminophen in preclinical models of nociceptive processing. J Pain Res. 2021, 14:3521-52. 10.2147\/JPR.S308028","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37790","article-title":"Paracetamol use in patients with osteoarthritis and lower back pain: infodemiology study and observational analysis of electronic medical record data","volume":"8","author":"Pickering G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pickering G, Mezouar L, Kechemir H, Ebel-Bitoun C. Paracetamol use in patients with osteoarthritis and lower back pain: infodemiology study and observational analysis of electronic medical record data. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2022, 8:e37790. 10.2196\/37790","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153420","article-title":"Paracetamol: a review of guideline recommendations","volume":"10","author":"Freo U","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freo U, Ruocco C, Valerio A, Scagnol I, Nisoli E. Paracetamol: a review of guideline recommendations. J Clin Med. 2021, 10:10.3390\/jcm10153420","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt-2021-0116","article-title":"Paracetamol for multimodal analgesia","volume":"12","author":"Freo U","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freo U. Paracetamol for multimodal analgesia. Pain Manag. 2022, 12:737-50. 10.2217\/pmt-2021-0116","journal-title":"Pain Manag"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/292485-neuropharmacology-of-neuropathic-pain-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T23:03:50Z","timestamp":1725923030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/292485-neuropharmacology-of-neuropathic-pain-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.69028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]}}}