{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:33:31Z","timestamp":1787884411487,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.70366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T07:55:45Z","timestamp":1727510145000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pulmonary Blastomycosis in Two Immunocompetent Patients: The Role of Obesity and Vitamin D Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Strahinja","family":"Gligorevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nebojsa","family":"Brezic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Petcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Sviggum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Dumic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059237","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis reveals a cryptic species Blastomyces gilchristii, sp. nov. within the human pathogenic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis","volume":"8","author":"Brown EM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown EM, McTaggart LR, Zhang SX, Low DE, Stevens DA, Richardson SE. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a cryptic species Blastomyces gilchristii, sp. nov. within the human pathogenic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. PLoS One. 2013, 8:59237. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0059237","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy483","article-title":"Blastomyces helicus, a new dimorphic fungus causing fatal pulmonary and systemic disease in humans and animals in Western Canada and the United States","volume":"68","author":"Schwartz IS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwartz IS, Wiederhold NP, Hanson KE, Patterson TF, Sigler L. Blastomyces helicus, a new dimorphic fungus causing fatal pulmonary and systemic disease in humans and animals in Western Canada and the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2019, 68:188-95. 10.1093\/cid\/ciy483","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7110888","article-title":"Diagnostic methods and risk factors for severe disease and mortality in blastomycosis: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"O'Dowd TR","year":"2021","unstructured":"O'Dowd TR, Mc Hugh JW, Theel ES, Wengenack NL, O'Horo JC, Enzler MJ, Vergidis P. Diagnostic methods and risk factors for severe disease and mortality in blastomycosis: a retrospective cohort study. J Fungi (Basel). 2021, 7:888. 10.3390\/jof7110888","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7107a1","article-title":"Surveillance for Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Blastomycosis - United States, 2019","volume":"71","author":"Smith DJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smith DJ, Williams SL, Benedict KM, Jackson BR, Toda M. Surveillance for Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Blastomycosis - United States, 2019. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2022, 71:1-14. 10.15585\/mmwr.ss7107a1","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.22207","article-title":"Blastomycosis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Ajmal M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ajmal M, Aftab Khan Lodhi F, Nawaz G, Basharat A, Aslam A. Blastomycosis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cureus. 2022, 14:22207. 10.7759\/cureus.22207","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.52319","article-title":"Blastomycosis complicated by adult respiratory distress syndrome in an immunocompetent adult: a case report and literature review","volume":"16","author":"Furlan AM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Furlan AM, Costa Filho FF, Gusfa DW, Tang HM, Avner BS. Blastomycosis complicated by adult respiratory distress syndrome in an immunocompetent adult: a case report and literature review. Cureus. 2024, 16:52319. 10.7759\/cureus.52319","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2017.04.006","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and treatment of blastomycosis","volume":"38","author":"McBride JA","year":"2017","unstructured":"McBride JA, Gauthier GM, Klein BS. Clinical manifestations and treatment of blastomycosis. Clin Chest Med. 2017, 38:435-49. 10.1016\/j.ccm.2017.04.006","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feigin and Cherry's textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. Feigin RD, Demmler-Harrison GJ, Cherry JD, Kaplan SL (ed). Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia; 2014. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/book\/9781416040446\/feigin-and-cherrys-textbook-of-pediatric-infectious-diseases#book-info."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2020.03.006","article-title":"Pulmonary blastomycosis: a case series and review of unique radiological findings","volume":"28","author":"Maini R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maini R, Ranjha S, Tandan N, et al.. Pulmonary blastomycosis: a case series and review of unique radiological findings. Med Mycol Case Rep. 2020, 28:49-54. 10.1016\/j.mmcr.2020.03.006","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31869","article-title":"Blastomycosis presenting as a primary tracheal tumor: a rare presentation","volume":"14","author":"Rimawi A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rimawi A, Amireh K, Crabtree T, Robinson R. Blastomycosis presenting as a primary tracheal tumor: a rare presentation. Cureus. 2022, 14:31869. 10.7759\/cureus.31869","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017-2018","volume":"360","author":"Hales CM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017-2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2020, 360:1-8.","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2009.11.2074","article-title":"The medical risks of obesity","volume":"121","author":"Pi-Sunyer X","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pi-Sunyer X. The medical risks of obesity. Postgrad Med. 2009, 121:21-33. 10.3810\/pgm.2009.11.2074","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12055","article-title":"Body mass index and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Phung DT","year":"2013","unstructured":"Phung DT, Wang Z, Rutherford S, Huang C, Chu C. Body mass index and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2013, 14:839-57. 10.1111\/obr.12055","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.62","article-title":"Obesity and the risk and outcome of infection","volume":"37","author":"Huttunen R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huttunen R, Syrj\u00e4nen J. Obesity and the risk and outcome of infection. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013, 37:333-40. 10.1038\/ijo.2012.62","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.07.001","article-title":"Impact of obesity in the critically ill trauma patient: a prospective study","volume":"203","author":"Bochicchio GV","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bochicchio GV, Joshi M, Bochicchio K, Nehman S, Tracy JK, Scalea TM. Impact of obesity in the critically ill trauma patient: a prospective study. J Am Coll Surg. 2006, 203:533-8. 10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.07.001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.010207","article-title":"Impact of obesity and metabolic syndrome on immunity","volume":"7","author":"Andersen CJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andersen CJ, Murphy KE, Fernandez ML. Impact of obesity and metabolic syndrome on immunity. Adv Nutr. 2016, 7:66-75. 10.3945\/an.115.010207","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12239","article-title":"Obesity and vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Pereira-Santos M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pereira-Santos M, Costa PR, Assis AM, Santos CA, Santos DB. Obesity and vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2015, 16:341-9. 10.1111\/obr.12239","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09679-5","article-title":"Vitamin D, infections and immunity","volume":"23","author":"Ismailova A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ismailova A, White JH. Vitamin D, infections and immunity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2022, 23:265-77. 10.1007\/s11154-021-09679-5","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00932-2","article-title":"Emerging mechanisms of obesity-associated immune dysfunction","volume":"20","author":"Shaikh SR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shaikh SR, Beck MA, Alwarawrah Y, MacIver NJ. Emerging mechanisms of obesity-associated immune dysfunction. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2024, 20:136-48. 10.1038\/s41574-023-00932-2","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13409","article-title":"Risk factors of severe blastomycosis and comparison of diagnosis and outcomes between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients","volume":"65","author":"Villacorta Cari E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Villacorta Cari E, Leedy N, Ribes JA, Soria J, Myint T. Risk factors of severe blastomycosis and comparison of diagnosis and outcomes between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Mycoses. 2022, 65:239-46. 10.1111\/myc.13409","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa276","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and outcomes in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with blastomycosis","volume":"72","author":"McBride JA","year":"2021","unstructured":"McBride JA, Sterkel AK, Matkovic E, Broman AT, Gibbons-Burgener SN, Gauthier GM. Clinical manifestations and outcomes in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with blastomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2021, 72:1594-602. 10.1093\/cid\/ciaa276","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0289","article-title":"Blastomycosis in Indiana: clinical and epidemiologic patterns of disease gleaned from a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"148","author":"Azar MM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azar MM, Assi R, Relich RF, Schmitt BH, Norris S, Wheat LJ, Hage CA. Blastomycosis in Indiana: clinical and epidemiologic patterns of disease gleaned from a multicenter retrospective study. Chest. 2015, 148:1276-84. 10.1378\/chest.15-0289","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2011.131175","article-title":"Blastomycosis mortality rates, United States, 1990-2010","volume":"20","author":"Khuu D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khuu D, Shafir S, Bristow B, Sorvillo F. Blastomycosis mortality rates, United States, 1990-2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014, 20:1789-94. 10.3201\/eid2011.131175","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa294","article-title":"Outcomes with severe blastomycosis and respiratory failure in the United States","volume":"72","author":"Rush B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rush B, Lother S, Paunovic B, Mooney O, Kumar A. Outcomes with severe blastomycosis and respiratory failure in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2021, 72:1603-7. 10.1093\/cid\/ciaa294","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01224-19","article-title":"Investigation of genetic susceptibility to blastomycosis reveals interleukin-6 as a potential susceptibility locus","volume":"10","author":"Merkhofer RM Jr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merkhofer RM Jr, O'Neill MB, Xiong D, et al.. Investigation of genetic susceptibility to blastomycosis reveals interleukin-6 as a potential susceptibility locus. mBio. 2019, 10:01224-19. 10.1128\/mBio.01224-19","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit366","article-title":"A large community outbreak of blastomycosis in Wisconsin with geographic and ethnic clustering","volume":"57","author":"Roy M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roy M, Benedict K, Deak E, et al.. A large community outbreak of blastomycosis in Wisconsin with geographic and ethnic clustering. Clin Infect Dis. 2013, 57:655-62. 10.1093\/cid\/cit366","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00184209","article-title":"Obesity and risk of subsequent hospitalisation with pneumonia","volume":"36","author":"Kornum JB","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kornum JB, N\u00f8rgaard M, Dethlefsen C, et al.. Obesity and risk of subsequent hospitalisation with pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2010, 36:1330-6. 10.1183\/09031936.00184209","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2004.06.030","article-title":"Obesity: epidemiology and clinical aspects","volume":"18","author":"Formiguera X","year":"2004","unstructured":"Formiguera X, Cant\u00f3n A. Obesity: epidemiology and clinical aspects. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2004, 18:1125-46. 10.1016\/j.bpg.2004.06.030","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2017.1368387","article-title":"Effects of obesity on the outcome of pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"Papagianni M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Papagianni M, Tziomalos K. Effects of obesity on the outcome of pneumonia. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2017, 12:315-20. 10.1080\/17446651.2017.1368387","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.04003.x","article-title":"Obesity and outcomes in patients hospitalized with pneumonia","volume":"19","author":"Kahlon S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kahlon S, Eurich DT, Padwal RS, Malhotra A, Minhas-Sandhu JK, Marrie TJ, Majumdar SR. Obesity and outcomes in patients hospitalized with pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013, 19:709-16. 10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.04003.x","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13216","article-title":"The impact of obesity on immune response to infection: plausible mechanisms and outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Muscogiuri G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muscogiuri G, Pugliese G, Laudisio D, Castellucci B, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. The impact of obesity on immune response to infection: plausible mechanisms and outcomes. Obes Rev. 2021, 22:13216. 10.1111\/obr.13216","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00735","article-title":"Cellular and molecular defects underlying invasive fungal infections-revelations from endemic mycoses","volume":"8","author":"Lee PP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee PP, Lau YL. Cellular and molecular defects underlying invasive fungal infections-revelations from endemic mycoses. Front Immunol. 2017, 8:735. 10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00735","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.03.008","article-title":"Obesity altered T cell metabolism and the response to infection","volume":"46","author":"Green WD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Green WD, Beck MA. Obesity altered T cell metabolism and the response to infection. Curr Opin Immunol. 2017, 46:1-7. 10.1016\/j.coi.2017.03.008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12953","article-title":"Helper T-cell responses and pulmonary fungal infections","volume":"155","author":"McDermott AJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"McDermott AJ, Klein BS. Helper T-cell responses and pulmonary fungal infections. Immunology. 2018, 155:155-63. 10.1111\/imm.12953","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01559-z","article-title":"Role of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and adipokines in adipogenesis and insulin resistance","volume":"45","author":"Al-Mansoori L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Mansoori L, Al-Jaber H, Prince MS, Elrayess MA. Role of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and adipokines in adipogenesis and insulin resistance. Inflammation. 2022, 45:31-44. 10.1007\/s10753-021-01559-z","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.28332","article-title":"Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is associated with the reduced efficacy of influenza vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Park HL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park HL, Shim SH, Lee EY, et al.. Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is associated with the reduced efficacy of influenza vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014, 10:1181-6. 10.4161\/hv.28332","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.780872","article-title":"Association of obesity with COVID-19 severity and mortality: an updated systemic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"13","author":"Singh R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh R, Rathore SS, Khan H, et al.. Association of obesity with COVID-19 severity and mortality: an updated systemic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022, 13:780872. 10.3389\/fendo.2022.780872","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-007-9349-y","article-title":"Nutritional deficiencies in morbidly obese patients: a new form of malnutrition? Part A: vitamins","volume":"18","author":"Kaidar-Person O","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaidar-Person O, Person B, Szomstein S, Rosenthal RJ. Nutritional deficiencies in morbidly obese patients: a new form of malnutrition? Part A: vitamins. Obes Surg. 2008, 18:870-6. 10.1007\/s11695-007-9349-y","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665114001578","article-title":"Vitamin D and obesity: current perspectives and future directions","volume":"74","author":"Pourshahidi LK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pourshahidi LK. Vitamin D and obesity: current perspectives and future directions. Proc Nutr Soc. 2015, 74:115-24. 10.1017\/S0029665114001578","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2009.01.001","article-title":"Seasonal variation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and its association with body mass index and age","volume":"113","author":"Moan J","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moan J, Lagunova Z, Lindberg FA, Porojnicu AC. Seasonal variation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and its association with body mass index and age. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2009, 113:217-21. 10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2009.01.001","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.404","article-title":"Volumetric dilution, rather than sequestration best explains the low vitamin D status of obesity","volume":"20","author":"Drincic AT","year":"2012","unstructured":"Drincic AT, Armas LA, Van Diest EE, Heaney RP. Volumetric dilution, rather than sequestration best explains the low vitamin D status of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012, 20:1444-8. 10.1038\/oby.2011.404","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/LM8BW8QNV7NZBROG","article-title":"(1-3)-\u03b2-D-glucan assay: a review of its laboratory and clinical application","volume":"42","author":"Wright WF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wright WF, Overman SB, Ribes JA. (1-3)-\u03b2-D-glucan assay: a review of its laboratory and clinical application. Lab Med. 2011, 42:679-85. 10.1309\/LM8BW8QNV7NZBROG","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47162-0","article-title":"Observations on (1-3)-beta-D-glucan detection as a diagnostic tool in endemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma or Blastomyces","volume":"56","author":"Girouard G","year":"2007","unstructured":"Girouard G, Lachance C, Pelletier R. Observations on (1-3)-beta-D-glucan detection as a diagnostic tool in endemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma or Blastomyces. J Med Microbiol. 2007, 56:1001-2. 10.1099\/jmm.0.47162-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588300","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of blastomycosis: 2008 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"46","author":"Chapman SW","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chapman SW, Dismukes WE, Proia LA, Bradsher RW, Pappas PG, Threlkeld MG, Kauffman CA. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of blastomycosis: 2008 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008, 46:1801-12. 10.1086\/588300","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2008-740ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients","volume":"183","author":"Limper AH","year":"2011","unstructured":"Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al.. An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011, 183:96-128. 10.1164\/rccm.2008-740ST","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/18715281113129990046","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in prevention and treatment of infection","volume":"12","author":"Gunville CF","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gunville CF, Mourani PM, Ginde AA. The role of vitamin D in prevention and treatment of infection. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2013, 12:239-45. 10.2174\/18715281113129990046","journal-title":"Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(02)01549-6","article-title":"Cathelicidins: microbicidal activity, mechanisms of action, and roles in innate immunity","volume":"4","author":"Ramanathan B","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ramanathan B, Davis EG, Ross CR, Blecha F. Cathelicidins: microbicidal activity, mechanisms of action, and roles in innate immunity. Microbes Infect. 2002, 4:361-72. 10.1016\/s1286-4579(02)01549-6","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902840","article-title":"Vitamin D decreases respiratory syncytial virus induction of NF-kappaB-linked chemokines and cytokines in airway epithelium while maintaining the antiviral state","volume":"184","author":"Hansdottir S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hansdottir S, Monick MM, Lovan N, Powers L, Gerke A, Hunninghake GW. Vitamin D decreases respiratory syncytial virus induction of NF-kappaB-linked chemokines and cytokines in airway epithelium while maintaining the antiviral state. J Immunol. 2010, 184:965-74. 10.4049\/jimmunol.0902840","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2378","article-title":"Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage","volume":"8","author":"Mora JR","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mora JR, Iwata M, von Andrian UH. Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008, 8:685-98. 10.1038\/nri2378","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0716","article-title":"Unexpected actions of vitamin D: new perspectives on the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"4","author":"Adams JS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Adams JS, Hewison M. Unexpected actions of vitamin D: new perspectives on the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008, 4:80-90. 10.1038\/ncpendmet0716","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0660-4","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, sepsis and mortality in the critically ill: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"de Haan K","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Haan K, Groeneveld AB, de Geus HR, Egal M, Struijs A. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, sepsis and mortality in the critically ill: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2014, 18:660. 10.1186\/s13054-014-0660-4","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2021.105707","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and mortality in dogs with blastomycosis","volume":"274","author":"Jacobs C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacobs C, Jaffey JA, Trepanier LA, Pritchard JC. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and mortality in dogs with blastomycosis. Vet J. 2021, 274:105707. 10.1016\/j.tvjl.2021.105707","journal-title":"Vet J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/298353-pulmonary-blastomycosis-in-two-immunocompetent-patients-the-role-of-obesity-and-vitamin-d-deficiency","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T07:55:48Z","timestamp":1727510148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/298353-pulmonary-blastomycosis-in-two-immunocompetent-patients-the-role-of-obesity-and-vitamin-d-deficiency"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"references-count":52,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.70366","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]}}}