{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:17:59Z","timestamp":1788952679577,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.70871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T08:29:06Z","timestamp":1728116946000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Beyond Ischemia: The Rare Occurrence of Hemorrhagic Strokes in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhanned","family":"Amawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa M","family":"Altoonisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wessam","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziad","family":"Asaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aseel","family":"Albalawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joud","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram M","family":"Awadalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"A-Azim Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Hanafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.038651","article-title":"Hemorrhagic stroke in children and adults with sickle cell anemia: The post-STOP cohort","volume":"53","author":"Fox CK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fox CK, Leykina L, Hills NK, et al.. Hemorrhagic stroke in children and adults with sickle cell anemia: The post-STOP cohort. Stroke. 2022, 53:e463-6. 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.038651","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.AJTS_101_18","article-title":"A case series of hemorrhagic neurological complications of sickle cell disease: multiple faces of an underestimated problem!","volume":"15","author":"Kamath SD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kamath SD, Pai MG. A case series of hemorrhagic neurological complications of sickle cell disease: multiple faces of an underestimated problem!. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2021, 15:241-6. 10.4103\/ajts.AJTS_101_18","journal-title":"Asian J Transfus Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1241","article-title":"Primary hemorrhagic stroke in children with sickle cell disease is associated with recent transfusion and use of corticosteroids","volume":"118","author":"Strouse JJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strouse JJ, Hulbert ML, DeBaun MR, Jordan LC, Casella JF. Primary hemorrhagic stroke in children with sickle cell disease is associated with recent transfusion and use of corticosteroids. Pediatrics. 2006, 118:1916-24. 10.1542\/peds.2006-1241","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.4859","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler screening among children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia","volume":"170","author":"Reeves SL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reeves SL, Madden B, Freed GL, Dombkowski KJ. Transcranial Doppler screening among children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia. JAMA Pediatr. 2016, 170:550-6. 10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.4859","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21570","article-title":"The number of people with sickle-cell disease in the United States: national and state estimates","volume":"85","author":"Brousseau DC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brousseau DC, Panepinto JA, Nimmer M, Hoffmann RG. The number of people with sickle-cell disease in the United States: national and state estimates. Am J Hematol. 2010, 85:77-8. 10.1002\/ajh.21570","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807023390102","article-title":"Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography","volume":"339","author":"Adams RJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Adams RJ, McKie VC, Hsu L, et al.. Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. N Engl J Med. 1998, 339:5-11. 10.1056\/NEJM199807023390102","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease: rates and risk factors","volume":"91","author":"Ohene-Frempong K","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ohene-Frempong K, Weiner SJ, Sleeper LA, et al.. Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease: rates and risk factors. Blood. 1998, 91:288-94.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-325258","article-title":"Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia","volume":"118","author":"Akinsheye I","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akinsheye I, Alsultan A, Solovieff N, et al.. Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia. Blood. 2011, 118:19-27. 10.1182\/blood-2011-03-325258","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13306","article-title":"New approaches to genetic predisposition for hemorrhagic stroke in sickle cell disease","volume":"20","author":"Adams RJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adams RJ, Akinyemi RO, Owolabi MO, Lackland DL, Ovbiagele B. New approaches to genetic predisposition for hemorrhagic stroke in sickle cell disease. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2018, 20:1078-9. 10.1111\/jch.13306","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110740","article-title":"Whole exome sequencing identifies novel genes for fetal hemoglobin response to hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell anemia","volume":"9","author":"Sheehan VA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sheehan VA, Crosby JR, Sabo A, et al.. Whole exome sequencing identifies novel genes for fetal hemoglobin response to hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell anemia. PLoS One. 2014, 9:e110740. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0110740","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020296","article-title":"Sickle cell disease: role of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy","volume":"10","author":"Vona R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vona R, Sposi NM, Mattia L, Gambardella L, Straface E, Pietraforte D. Sickle cell disease: role of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021, 10:10.3390\/antiox10020296","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70469-0","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of stroke in sickle-cell disease: present and future","volume":"5","author":"Switzer JA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Switzer JA, Hess DC, Nichols FT, Adams RJ. Pathophysiology and treatment of stroke in sickle-cell disease: present and future. Lancet Neurol. 2006, 5:501-12. 10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70469-0","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Moyamoya syndrome in children with sickle cell disease: a 10-year single-center experience","volume":"130","author":"Courtney Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Courtney Johnson, Deepika S. Darbari, Paola Pergami, Yaser Diab. Moyamoya syndrome in children with sickle cell disease: a 10-year single-center experience. Blood. 2017, 130:3552.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.06.037","article-title":"Exchange blood transfusion compared with simple transfusion for first overt stroke is associated with a lower risk of subsequent stroke: a retrospective cohort study of 137 children with sickle cell anemia","volume":"149","author":"Hulbert ML","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hulbert ML, Scothorn DJ, Panepinto JA, et al.. Exchange blood transfusion compared with simple transfusion for first overt stroke is associated with a lower risk of subsequent stroke: a retrospective cohort study of 137 children with sickle cell anemia. J Pediatr. 2006, 149:710-2. 10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.06.037","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13423","article-title":"Factor VIII and IX assays for post-infusion monitoring in hemophilia patients: Guidelines from the French BIMHO group (GFHT)","volume":"105","author":"Jeanpierre E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeanpierre E, Pouplard C, Lasne D, et al.. Factor VIII and IX assays for post-infusion monitoring in hemophilia patients: Guidelines from the French BIMHO group (GFHT). Eur J Haematol. 2020, 105:103-15. 10.1111\/ejh.13423","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-272682","article-title":"Silent cerebral infarcts: a review on a prevalent and progressive cause of neurologic injury in sickle cell anemia","volume":"119","author":"DeBaun MR","year":"2012","unstructured":"DeBaun MR, Armstrong FD, McKinstry RC, Ware RE, Vichinsky E, Kirkham FJ. Silent cerebral infarcts: a review on a prevalent and progressive cause of neurologic injury in sickle cell anemia. Blood. 2012, 119:4587-96. 10.1182\/blood-2011-02-272682","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.122937","article-title":"Atopy, asthma, and antibodies to Ascaris among rural and urban children in Kenya","volume":"140","author":"Perzanowski MS","year":"2002","unstructured":"Perzanowski MS, Ng'ang'a LW, Carter MC, et al.. Atopy, asthma, and antibodies to Ascaris among rural and urban children in Kenya. J Pediatr. 2002, 140:582-8. 10.1067\/mpd.2002.122937","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-200208000-00007","article-title":"Treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma with the somatostatin analog OncoLar: significant reduction of insulin-like growth factor-1 serum levels","volume":"24","author":"Mansky PJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mansky PJ, Liewehr DJ, Steinberg SM, et al.. Treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma with the somatostatin analog OncoLar: significant reduction of insulin-like growth factor-1 serum levels. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2002, 24:440-6. 10.1097\/00043426-200208000-00007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-09-618579","article-title":"Central nervous system complications and management in sickle cell disease","volume":"127","author":"DeBaun MR","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeBaun MR, Kirkham FJ. Central nervous system complications and management in sickle cell disease. Blood. 2016, 127:829-38. 10.1182\/blood-2015-09-618579","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30193-9","article-title":"Sickle cell disease","volume":"390","author":"Ware RE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ware RE, de Montalembert M, Tshilolo L, Abboud MR. Sickle cell disease. Lancet. 2017, 390:311-23. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30193-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-09-551564","article-title":"How I treat and manage strokes in sickle cell disease","volume":"125","author":"Kassim AA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kassim AA, Galadanci NA, Pruthi S, DeBaun MR. How I treat and manage strokes in sickle cell disease. Blood. 2015, 125:3401-10. 10.1182\/blood-2014-09-551564","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608083350601","article-title":"Bone marrow transplantation for sickle cell disease","volume":"335","author":"Walters MC","year":"1996","unstructured":"Walters MC, Patience M, Leisenring W, et al.. Bone marrow transplantation for sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 1996, 335:369-76. 10.1056\/NEJM199608083350601","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0441","article-title":"Hydroxyurea for sickle cell disease: a systematic review for efficacy and toxicity in children","volume":"122","author":"Strouse JJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strouse JJ, Lanzkron S, Beach MC, et al.. Hydroxyurea for sickle cell disease: a systematic review for efficacy and toxicity in children. Pediatrics. 2008, 122:1332-42. 10.1542\/peds.2008-0441","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007001.pub5","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for people with sickle cell disease","volume":"7","author":"Oringanje C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oringanje C, Nemecek E, Oniyangi O. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for people with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020, 7:CD007001. 10.1002\/14651858.CD007001.pub5","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006223422502","article-title":"Causes and outcomes of the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. National Acute Chest Syndrome Study Group","volume":"342","author":"Vichinsky EP","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vichinsky EP, Neumayr LD, Earles AN, et al.. Causes and outcomes of the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. National Acute Chest Syndrome Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000, 342:1855-65. 10.1056\/NEJM200006223422502","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/300936-beyond-ischemia-the-rare-occurrence-of-hemorrhagic-strokes-in-pediatric-sickle-cell-anemia","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T08:29:13Z","timestamp":1728116953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/300936-beyond-ischemia-the-rare-occurrence-of-hemorrhagic-strokes-in-pediatric-sickle-cell-anemia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.70871","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]}}}