{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T04:56:06Z","timestamp":1769835366720,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.71465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T19:02:37Z","timestamp":1728932557000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oswald Avery: Pioneer of Bacterial Vaccines and the First to Discover the Function of DNA"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ger","family":"Rijkers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Berbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Oswald T. Avery portrait (1937). (2008). Accessed. September 2, 2024: https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Oswald_T._Avery_portrait_1937.jpg."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.79.2.137","article-title":"Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types : induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III","volume":"79","author":"Avery OT","year":"1944","unstructured":"Avery OT, MacLeod CM, McCarty M. Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types : induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III. J Exp Med. 1944, 79:137-58. 10.1084\/jem.79.2.137","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1956.0003","article-title":"Oswald Theodore Avery, 1877-1955","volume":"2","author":"Dubos RJ","year":"1956","unstructured":"Dubos RJ. Oswald Theodore Avery, 1877-1955. Biogr Mems Fell Royal Soc. 1956, 2:235-48. 10.1098\/rsbm.1956.0003","journal-title":"Biogr Mems Fell Royal Soc"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"The action of certain products obtained from the tubercle bacillus * a. cleavage products of tuberculo-protein obtained by the method of Vaughan. Communication I","volume":"26","author":"White B","year":"1912","unstructured":"White B, Avery OT. The action of certain products obtained from the tubercle bacillus * a. cleavage products of tuberculo-protein obtained by the method of Vaughan. Communication I. J Med Res. 1912, 26:317-56.","journal-title":"J Med Res"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Concerning secondary infection in pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"28","author":"Avery OT","year":"1913","unstructured":"Avery OT, Lyall HW. Concerning secondary infection in pulmonary tuberculosis. J Med Res. 1913, 28:111-39.","journal-title":"J Med Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1351-z","article-title":"Fred Neufeld and pneumococcal serotypes: foundations for the discovery of the transforming principle","volume":"70","author":"Eichmann K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eichmann K, Krause RM. Fred Neufeld and pneumococcal serotypes: foundations for the discovery of the transforming principle. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2013, 70:2225-36. 10.1007\/s00018-013-1351-z","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Oswald Avery and the origin of molecular biology","volume":"21","author":"Russel N","year":"1988","unstructured":"Russel N. Oswald Avery and the origin of molecular biology. Brit J Hist Sci. 1988, 21:393-400.","journal-title":"Brit J Hist Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.11.060","article-title":"Oswald Avery, DNA, and the transformation of biology","volume":"24","author":"Cobb M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cobb M. Oswald Avery, DNA, and the transformation of biology. Curr Biol. 2014, 24:R55-60. 10.1016\/j.cub.2013.11.060","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022172400031879","article-title":"The significance of pneumococcal types","volume":"27","author":"Griffith F","year":"1928","unstructured":"Griffith F. The significance of pneumococcal types. J Hyg (Lond). 1928, 27:113-59. 10.1017\/s0022172400031879","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12041-014-0337-4","article-title":"The birth and development of the DNA theory of inheritance: sixty years since the discovery of the structure of DNA","volume":"93","author":"Portin P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Portin P. The birth and development of the DNA theory of inheritance: sixty years since the discovery of the structure of DNA. J Genet. 2014, 93:293-302. 10.1007\/s12041-014-0337-4","journal-title":"J Genet"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"DNA Learning Center. Interview with Professor Maclyn McCarty. (2020). Accessed. August 26, 2024: https:\/\/dnalc.cshl.edu\/view\/16389-Video-17-Maclyn-McCarty-clip-5.html."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.16","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Katsarou A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Katsarou A, Gudbj\u00f6rnsdottir S, Rawshani A, et al.. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017, 3:17016. 10.1038\/nrdp.2017.16","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-019-00743-7","article-title":"Insulin therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Jane\u017e A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jane\u017e A, Guja C, Mitrakou A, et al.. Insulin therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Diabetes Ther. 2020, 11:387-409. 10.1007\/s13300-019-00743-7","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-023-00976-7","article-title":"Insulin as a catalyst to recombinant DNA technology","volume":"6","author":"Govender T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Govender T, Naicker T. Insulin as a catalyst to recombinant DNA technology. Nat Catal. 2023, 6:454-5. 10.1038\/s41929-023-00976-7","journal-title":"Nat Catal"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101194","article-title":"Insulin: a pacesetter for the shape of modern biomedical science and the Nobel Prize","volume":"52","author":"Flier JS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flier JS, Kahn CR. Insulin: a pacesetter for the shape of modern biomedical science and the Nobel Prize. Mol Metab. 2021, 52:101194. 10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101194","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.23.1.61","article-title":"Antiblastic immunity","volume":"23","author":"Dochez AR","year":"1916","unstructured":"Dochez AR, Avery OT. Antiblastic immunity. J Exp Med. 1916, 23:61-8. 10.1084\/jem.23.1.61","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.26.4.563","article-title":"Studies on antiblastic immunity","volume":"26","author":"Blake FG","year":"1917","unstructured":"Blake FG. Studies on antiblastic immunity. J Exp Med. 1917, 26:563-80. 10.1084\/jem.26.4.563","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.26.4.477","article-title":"The elaboration of specific soluble substance by pneumococcus during growth","volume":"26","author":"Dochez AR","year":"1917","unstructured":"Dochez AR, Avery OT. The elaboration of specific soluble substance by pneumococcus during growth. J Exp Med. 1917, 26:477-93. 10.1084\/jem.26.4.477","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.38.1.73","article-title":"The soluble specific substance of pneumococcus","volume":"38","author":"Heidelberger M","year":"1923","unstructured":"Heidelberger M, Avery OT. The soluble specific substance of pneumococcus. J Exp Med. 1923, 38:73-9. 10.1084\/jem.38.1.73","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.40.3.301","article-title":"The soluble specific substance of pneumococcus : second paper","volume":"40","author":"Heidelberger M","year":"1924","unstructured":"Heidelberger M, Avery OT. The soluble specific substance of pneumococcus : second paper. J Exp Med. 1924, 40:301-17. 10.1084\/jem.40.3.301","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44078","article-title":"Evaluation of a rapid urine antigen detection assay as a point-of-care test in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"15","author":"Khaleel M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khaleel M, Samreen S, Sirangi S, Dinesh Eshwar M, R M P, Dhanekula K. Evaluation of a rapid urine antigen detection assay as a point-of-care test in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Cureus. 2023, 15:e44078. 10.7759\/cureus.44078","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.42.5.709","article-title":"The soluble specific substance of Friedlander\u2019s bacillus: paper II. Chemical and immunological relationships of pneumococcus type II and of a strain of Friedlander's bacillus","volume":"42","author":"Avery OT","year":"1925","unstructured":"Avery OT, Heidelberger M, Goebel WF. The soluble specific substance of Friedlander\u2019s bacillus: paper II. Chemical and immunological relationships of pneumococcus type II and of a strain of Friedlander's bacillus. J Exp Med. 1925, 42:709-25. 10.1084\/jem.42.5.709","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.04.006","article-title":"Immunology of carbohydrate-based vaccines","volume":"165-6","author":"Khatun F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khatun F, Toth I, Stephenson RJ. Immunology of carbohydrate-based vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020, 165-6:117-26. 10.1016\/j.addr.2020.04.006","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.50.4.521","article-title":"Chemo-immunological studies on conjugated carbohydrate-proteins: I. The synthesis of p-aminophenol \u03b2-glucoside, p-aminophenol \u03b2-galactoside, and their coupling with serum globulin","volume":"50","author":"Goebel WF","year":"1929","unstructured":"Goebel WF, Avery OT. Chemo-immunological studies on conjugated carbohydrate-proteins: I. The synthesis of p-aminophenol \u03b2-glucoside, p-aminophenol \u03b2-galactoside, and their coupling with serum globulin. J Exp Med. 1929, 50:521-31. 10.1084\/jem.50.4.521","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.50.4.533","article-title":"Chemo-immunological studies on conjugated carbohydrate-proteins : II. immunological specificity of synthetic sugar-protein antigens","volume":"50","author":"Avery OT","year":"1929","unstructured":"Avery OT, Goebel WF. Chemo-immunological studies on conjugated carbohydrate-proteins : II. immunological specificity of synthetic sugar-protein antigens. J Exp Med. 1929, 50:533-50. 10.1084\/jem.50.4.533","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1819612116","article-title":"On the mechanisms of conjugate vaccines","volume":"116","author":"Rappuoli R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rappuoli R, De Gregorio E, Costantino P. On the mechanisms of conjugate vaccines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019, 116:14-6. 10.1073\/pnas.1819612116","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine information statement. (2023). Accessed. August 14, 2024: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/hcp\/vis\/vis-statements\/pcv.html."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67635","article-title":"Lives saved with vaccination for 10 pathogens across 112 countries in a pre-COVID-19 world","volume":"10","author":"Toor J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toor J, Echeverria-Londono S, Li X, et al.. Lives saved with vaccination for 10 pathogens across 112 countries in a pre-COVID-19 world. eLife. 2021, 10:e67635. 10.7554\/eLife.67635","journal-title":"eLife"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/294944-oswald-avery-pioneer-of-bacterial-vaccines-and-the-first-to-discover-the-function-of-dna","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T19:02:41Z","timestamp":1728932561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/294944-oswald-avery-pioneer-of-bacterial-vaccines-and-the-first-to-discover-the-function-of-dna"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.71465","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]}}}