{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T10:35:45Z","timestamp":1752230145144,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.72167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T06:46:31Z","timestamp":1729665991000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) Extract and Chlorhexidine Against Tannerella forsythia: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mithra","family":"R","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalaivani","family":"V","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gayathri","family":"K","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravishankar","family":"PL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Vinayachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sibyl","family":"Siluvai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajakumar","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Esther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity","volume":"43","author":"Aas JA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol. 2005, 43:5721-32.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1988.tb01590.x","article-title":"The predominant cultivable microbiota of active and inactive lesions of destructive periodontal diseases","volume":"15","author":"Dzink JL","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dzink JL, Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. The predominant cultivable microbiota of active and inactive lesions of destructive periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 1988, 15:316-23. 10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1988.tb01590.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"","author":"Klokkevold PR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Klokkevold PR. Carranza's Clinical Periodontology 12th Edition. Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA (ed): Elsevier, St. Louis, USA; 2015. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/299345706_Carranza's_Clinical_Periodontology_12th_edition."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00779.x","article-title":"The prevalence and pathogenic differences of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in patients with aggressive periodontitis","volume":"40","author":"Miura M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miura M, Hamachi T, Fujise O, Maeda K. The prevalence and pathogenic differences of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in patients with aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2005, 40:147-52. 10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00779.x","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2002.01613.x","article-title":"Three case reports of aggressive periodontitis associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis in younger patients","volume":"37","author":"Ishikawa I","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ishikawa I, Kawashima Y, Oda S, Iwata T, Arakawa S. Three case reports of aggressive periodontitis associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis in younger patients. J Periodontal Res. 2002, 37:324-32. 10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2002.01613.x","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in aggressive periodontitis in Morocco -- preliminary study","volume":"36","author":"Chahbouni H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chahbouni H, Maltouf AF, Ennibi O. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in aggressive periodontitis in Morocco -- preliminary study. Odontostomatol Trop. 2013, 36:5-10.","journal-title":"Odontostomatol Trop"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-8836.2004.00103.x","article-title":"Gingival crevice microbiota from Chinese patients with gingivitis or necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis","volume":"112","author":"Gm\u00fcr R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gm\u00fcr R, Wyss C, Xue Y, Thurnheer T, Guggenheim B. Gingival crevice microbiota from Chinese patients with gingivitis or necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004, 112:33-41. 10.1111\/j.0909-8836.2004.00103.x","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302x.2000.150601.x","article-title":"Subgingival colonization by Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"15","author":"Lamont RJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lamont RJ, Jenkinson HF. Subgingival colonization by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2000, 15:341-9. 10.1034\/j.1399-302x.2000.150601.x","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cww129","article-title":"Tannerella forsythia strains display different cell-surface nonulosonic acids: biosynthetic pathway characterization and first insight into biological implications","volume":"27","author":"Friedrich V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Friedrich V, Janesch B, Windwarder M, et al.. Tannerella forsythia strains display different cell-surface nonulosonic acids: biosynthetic pathway characterization and first insight into biological implications. Glycobiology. 2017, 27:342-57. 10.1093\/glycob\/cww129","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.09.001","article-title":"Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: keystones, pathobionts, and host response","volume":"35","author":"Hajishengallis G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hajishengallis G. Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: keystones, pathobionts, and host response. Trends Immunol. 2014, 35:3-11. 10.1016\/j.it.2013.09.001","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Chlorhexidine: the gold standard in chemical plaque control","volume":"1","author":"Mathur S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mathur S, Mathur T, Srivastava R, Khatri R. Chlorhexidine: the gold standard in chemical plaque control. Natl J Physiol Pharm. 2011, 1:45-50.","journal-title":"Natl J Physiol Pharm"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Tulsi: the Indian holy power plant","volume":"5","author":"Das SK","year":"2006","unstructured":"Das SK, Vasudevan D. Tulsi: the Indian holy power plant. Natural Product Radiance. 2006, 5:279-83.","journal-title":"Natural Product Radiance"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Validation of traditional claim of Tulsi, Ocimum sanctum Linn. as a medicinal plant","volume":"40","author":"Gupta SK","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gupta SK, Prakash J, Srivastava S. Validation of traditional claim of Tulsi, Ocimum sanctum Linn. as a medicinal plant. Indian J Exp Biol. 2002, 40:765-73.","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3923\/ajft.2011.336.341","article-title":"Study of antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum extract against gram positive and gram negative bacteria","volume":"6","author":"Mishra P","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mishra P, Mishra S. Study of antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum extract against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Am J Food Technol. 2011, 6:336-41.","journal-title":"Am J Food Technol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2010.09.008","article-title":"Ocimum sanctum essential oil and its active principles exert their antifungal activity by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity","volume":"161","author":"Khan A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khan A, Ahmad A, Akhtar F, Yousuf S, Xess I, Khan LA, Manzoor N. Ocimum sanctum essential oil and its active principles exert their antifungal activity by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity. Res Microbiol. 2010, 161:816-23. 10.1016\/j.resmic.2010.09.008","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2006.04415.x","article-title":"Antiviral effects of saikosaponins on human coronavirus 229E in vitro","volume":"33","author":"Cheng PW","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheng PW, Ng LT, Chiang LC, Lin CC. Antiviral effects of saikosaponins on human coronavirus 229E in vitro. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2006, 33:612-6. 10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2006.04415.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.175177","article-title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of Tulsi leaf (Ocimum sanctum) extract on periodontal pathogens: an in vitro study","volume":"20","author":"Mallikarjun S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mallikarjun S, Rao A, Rajesh G, Shenoy R, Pai M. Antimicrobial efficacy of Tulsi leaf (Ocimum sanctum) extract on periodontal pathogens: an in vitro study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2016, 20:145-50. 10.4103\/0972-124X.175177","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"The proposed mechanism of bactericidal action of eugenol, A-terpineol and Y-terpinene against Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli","volume":"8","author":"Oyedemi SO","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oyedemi SO, Okoh AI, Mabinya LV, Pirochenva G, Afolayan AJ. The proposed mechanism of bactericidal action of eugenol, A-terpineol and Y-terpinene against Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009, 8:1280-1286.","journal-title":"Afr J Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-010-0193-y","article-title":"Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) leaf extract and screening its antimicrobial activity","volume":"13","author":"Singhal G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singhal G, Bhavesh R, Kasariya K, Sharma AR, Singh RP. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) leaf extract and screening its antimicrobial activity. J Nanopart Res. 2011, 13:2981-8.","journal-title":"J Nanopart Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.05.012","article-title":"Double-blinded randomized controlled trial for immunomodulatory effects of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) leaf extract on healthy volunteers","volume":"136","author":"Mondal S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mondal S, Varma S, Bamola VD, et al.. Double-blinded randomized controlled trial for immunomodulatory effects of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) leaf extract on healthy volunteers. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011, 136:452-6. 10.1016\/j.jep.2011.05.012","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00681","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) essential oil and their major constituents against three species of bacteria","volume":"7","author":"Yamani HA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yamani HA, Pang EC, Mantri N, Deighton MA. Antimicrobial activity of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) essential oil and their major constituents against three species of bacteria. Front Microbiol. 2016, 7:681. 10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00681","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/16214.7468","article-title":"Anti-microbial activity of Tulsi {Ocimum Sanctum (Linn.)} extract on a periodontal pathogen in human dental plaque: an invitro study","volume":"10","author":"Eswar P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eswar P, Devaraj CG, Agarwal P. Anti-microbial activity of Tulsi {Ocimum Sanctum (Linn.)} extract on a periodontal pathogen in human dental plaque: an invitro study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016, 10:ZC53-6. 10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/16214.7468","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/303885-comparison-of-antimicrobial-efficacy-of-ocimum-sanctum-tulsi-extract-and-chlorhexidine-against-tannerella-forsythia-an-in-vitro-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T06:46:33Z","timestamp":1729665993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/303885-comparison-of-antimicrobial-efficacy-of-ocimum-sanctum-tulsi-extract-and-chlorhexidine-against-tannerella-forsythia-an-in-vitro-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.72167","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]}}}