{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T17:31:05Z","timestamp":1785864665157,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.72239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T03:39:17Z","timestamp":1729741157000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Recent Trends in Liver Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Diagnostic Techniques"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shivani R","family":"Kale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeta","family":"Karande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Gudur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Garud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika S","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.10.078","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: a life-threatening disease","volume":"84","author":"Chacko S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chacko S, Samanta S. Hepatocellular carcinoma: a life-threatening disease. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016, 84:1679-88. 10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.10.078","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0229-4","article-title":"Tumour evolution in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Craig AJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Craig AJ, von Felden J, Garcia-Lezana T, Sarcognato S, Villanueva A. Tumour evolution in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020, 17:139-52. 10.1038\/s41575-019-0229-4","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021, 71:209-49. 10.3322\/caac.21660","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012","volume":"136","author":"Ferlay J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al.. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015, 136:E359-86. 10.1002\/ijc.29210","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05537-2","article-title":"Disease burden of hepatocellular carcinoma: a global perspective","volume":"64","author":"Sayiner M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sayiner M, Golabi P, Younossi ZM. Disease burden of hepatocellular carcinoma: a global perspective. Dig Dis Sci. 2019, 64:910-7. 10.1007\/s10620-019-05537-2","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004952","article-title":"Uncommon liver tumors: case report and literature review","volume":"95","author":"Wu CH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu CH, Chiu NC, Yeh YC, et al.. Uncommon liver tumors: case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016, 95:e4952. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000004952","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Liver and bile duct cancer. (2024). Accessed. July 30, 2024: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/types\/liver."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22034\/APJCP.2017.18.4.863","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review of biomarkers, clinical aspects, and therapy","volume":"18","author":"Tunissiolli NM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tunissiolli NM, Castanhole-Nunes MM, Biselli-Chicote PM, Pavarino EC, da Silva RF, da Silva RC, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review of biomarkers, clinical aspects, and therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017, 18:863-72. 10.22034\/APJCP.2017.18.4.863","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00300-2","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Brindley PJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brindley PJ, Bachini M, Ilyas SI, et al.. Cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021, 7:65. 10.1038\/s41572-021-00300-2","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030552","article-title":"Inflammation, fibrosis and cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic options and challenges","volume":"14","author":"Wu B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu B, Sodji QH, Oyelere AK. Inflammation, fibrosis and cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic options and challenges. Cancers (Basel). 2022, 14:552. 10.3390\/cancers14030552","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00261-6","article-title":"Liver metastases","volume":"7","author":"Tsilimigras DI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsilimigras DI, Brodt P, Clavien PA, et al.. Liver metastases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021, 7:27. 10.1038\/s41572-021-00261-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i2.193","article-title":"Current treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer","volume":"9","author":"Liu LX","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu LX, Zhang WH, Jiang HC. Current treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2003, 9:193-200. 10.3748\/wjg.v9.i2.193","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S159808","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of diagnostic challenges for the pathologist","volume":"5","author":"Quaglia A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quaglia A. Hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of diagnostic challenges for the pathologist. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2018, 5:99-108. 10.2147\/JHC.S159808","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11511","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in the noncirrhotic liver","volume":"203","author":"Gaddikeri S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gaddikeri S, McNeeley MF, Wang CL, et al.. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the noncirrhotic liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014, 203:W34-47. 10.2214\/AJR.13.11511","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.014","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: incidence and risk factors","volume":"127","author":"Fattovich G","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fattovich G, Stroffolini T, Zagni I, Donato F. Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: incidence and risk factors. Gastroenterology. 2004, 127:S35-50. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16030666","article-title":"Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in 2024: the multidisciplinary paradiagram in an evolving treatment landscape","volume":"16","author":"Kinsey E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kinsey E, Lee HM. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in 2024: the multidisciplinary paradiagram in an evolving treatment landscape. Cancers (Basel). 2024, 16:666. 10.3390\/cancers16030666","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v4.i6.471","article-title":"Clinical research advances in primary liver cancer","volume":"4","author":"Wu MC","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wu MC. Clinical research advances in primary liver cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 1998, 4:471-4. 10.3748\/wjg.v4.i6.471","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021","article-title":"Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040","volume":"77","author":"Rumgay H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rumgay H, Arnold M, Ferlay J, et al.. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J Hepatol. 2022, 77:1598-606. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0186-y","article-title":"A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management","volume":"16","author":"Yang JD","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang JD, Hainaut P, Gores GJ, Amadou A, Plymoth A, Roberts LR. A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019, 16:589-604. 10.1038\/s41575-019-0186-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2020.100032","article-title":"Therapy of primary liver cancer","volume":"1","author":"Feng M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng M, Pan Y, Kong R, Shu S. Therapy of primary liver cancer. Innovation (Camb). 2020, 1:100032. 10.1016\/j.xinn.2020.100032","journal-title":"Innovation (Camb)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyaa130","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer in 185 countries: evidence from GLOBOCAN 2018","volume":"50","author":"Sharma R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma R. Descriptive epidemiology of incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer in 185 countries: evidence from GLOBOCAN 2018. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2020, 50:1370-9. 10.1093\/jjco\/hyaa130","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15251","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia","volume":"42","author":"Zhang CH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang CH, Cheng Y, Zhang S, Fan J, Gao Q. Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia. Liver Int. 2022, 42:2029-41. 10.1111\/liv.15251","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731969","article-title":"Incidence and patterns of liver cancers in sri lanka from 2001 to 2010: analysis of National Cancer Registry Data","volume":"11","author":"Jayarajah U","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jayarajah U, Udayanga V, Fernando A, Samarasekera DN, Seneviratne S. Incidence and patterns of liver cancers in sri lanka from 2001 to 2010: analysis of National Cancer Registry Data. South Asian J Cancer. 2022, 11:201-6. 10.1055\/s-0041-1731969","journal-title":"South Asian J Cancer"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.05.003","article-title":"Changing global epidemiology of liver cancer from 2010 to 2019: NASH is the fastest growing cause of liver cancer","volume":"34","author":"Huang DQ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang DQ, Singal AG, Kono Y, Tan DJ, El-Serag HB, Loomba R. Changing global epidemiology of liver cancer from 2010 to 2019: NASH is the fastest growing cause of liver cancer. Cell Metab. 2022, 34:969-977.e2. 10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.05.003","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0643","article-title":"International trends in liver cancer incidence rates","volume":"20","author":"Center MM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Center MM, Jemal A. International trends in liver cancer incidence rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011, 20:2362-8. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0643","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014","article-title":"Burden of liver diseases in the world","volume":"70","author":"Asrani SK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asrani SK, Devarbhavi H, Eaton J, Kamath PS. Burden of liver diseases in the world. J Hepatol. 2019, 70:151-71. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21262","article-title":"Global cancer statistics, 2012","volume":"65","author":"Torre LA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015, 65:87-108. 10.3322\/caac.21262","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(10)60507-5","article-title":"The changing pattern of epidemiology in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"42 Suppl 3","author":"Nordenstedt H","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nordenstedt H, White DL, El-Serag HB. The changing pattern of epidemiology in hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis. 2010, 42 Suppl 3:S206-14. 10.1016\/S1590-8658(10)60507-5","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-017-9959-0","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC epidemiology)","volume":"48","author":"Ozakyol A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ozakyol A. Global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC epidemiology). J Gastrointest Cancer. 2017, 48:238-40. 10.1007\/s12029-017-9959-0","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017","article-title":"Global burden of liver disease: 2023 update","volume":"79","author":"Devarbhavi H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Devarbhavi H, Asrani SK, Arab JP, Nartey YA, Pose E, Kamath PS. Global burden of liver disease: 2023 update. J Hepatol. 2023, 79:516-37. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000428","article-title":"Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma cases attributable to major risk factors","volume":"27","author":"Baecker A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baecker A, Liu X, La Vecchia C, Zhang ZF. Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma cases attributable to major risk factors. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2018, 27:205-12. 10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000428","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.033","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - a global public health perspective","volume":"70","author":"Younossi ZM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Younossi ZM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - a global public health perspective. J Hepatol. 2019, 70:531-44. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.033","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0367","article-title":"MAFLD: how is it different from NAFLD?","volume":"29","author":"Gofton C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gofton C, Upendran Y, Zheng MH, George J. MAFLD: how is it different from NAFLD?. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2023, 29:S17-31. 10.3350\/cmh.2022.0367","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200211002-00003","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: the high-risk patient","volume":"35","author":"Nissen NN","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nissen NN, Martin P. Hepatocellular carcinoma: the high-risk patient. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002, 35:S79-85. 10.1097\/00004836-200211002-00003","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13643","article-title":"Global epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: what we need in the future","volume":"38 Suppl 1","author":"Ara\u00fajo AR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo AR, Rosso N, Bedogni G, Tiribelli C, Bellentani S. Global epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: what we need in the future. Liver Int. 2018, 38 Suppl 1:47-51. 10.1111\/liv.13643","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HMER.S98120","article-title":"Autophagy: a new target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease therapy","volume":"8","author":"Mao Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mao Y, Yu F, Wang J, Guo C, Fan X. Autophagy: a new target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease therapy. Hepat Med. 2016, 8:27-37. 10.2147\/HMER.S98120","journal-title":"Hepat Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-9-42","article-title":"The role of hepatic fat accumulation in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"9","author":"Liu Q","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu Q, Bengmark S, Qu S. The role of hepatic fat accumulation in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lipids Health Dis. 2010, 9:42. 10.1186\/1476-511X-9-42","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13583","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma and other complications of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Japan: a structured review of published works","volume":"51","author":"Eguchi Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eguchi Y, Wong G, Lee IH, Akhtar O, Lopes R, Sumida Y. Hepatocellular carcinoma and other complications of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Japan: a structured review of published works. Hepatol Res. 2021, 51:19-30. 10.1111\/hepr.13583","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i2.475","article-title":"Limitations of liver biopsy and non-invasive diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"20","author":"Sumida Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sumida Y, Nakajima A, Itoh Y. Limitations of liver biopsy and non-invasive diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014, 20:475-85. 10.3748\/wjg.v20.i2.475","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.113758","article-title":"Clinicopathological characteristics and metabolic profiles of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Indian patients with normal body mass index: do they differ from obese or overweight non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?","volume":"17","author":"Kumar R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kumar R, Rastogi A, Sharma MK, Bhatia V, Garg H, Bihari C, Sarin SK. Clinicopathological characteristics and metabolic profiles of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Indian patients with normal body mass index: do they differ from obese or overweight non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013, 17:665-71. 10.4103\/2230-8210.113758","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00688-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC: trends, projections and risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Huang DQ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang DQ, Mathurin P, Cortez-Pinto H, Loomba R. Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC: trends, projections and risk factors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023, 20:37-49. 10.1038\/s41575-022-00688-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2018-000260","article-title":"Alcohol and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Matsushita H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsushita H, Takaki A. Alcohol and hepatocellular carcinoma. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2019, 6:e000260. 10.1136\/bmjgast-2018-000260","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i38.5759","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"D'souza S","year":"2020","unstructured":"D'souza S, Lau KC, Coffin CS, Patel TR. Molecular mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2020, 26:5759-83. 10.3748\/wjg.v26.i38.5759","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100814-125241","article-title":"The hepatitis B virus receptor","volume":"31","author":"Li W","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li W. The hepatitis B virus receptor. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2015, 31:125-47. 10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100814-125241","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28436","article-title":"The HBV web: an insight into molecular interactomes between the hepatitis B virus and its host en route to hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"95","author":"Kar A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kar A, Samanta A, Mukherjee S, Barik S, Biswas A. The HBV web: an insight into molecular interactomes between the hepatitis B virus and its host en route to hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol. 2023, 95:e28436. 10.1002\/jmv.28436","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179380","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and animal models of hbv-related hepatocellular carcinoma: with emphasis on metastatic tumor antigen","volume":"22","author":"Li YT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li YT, Wu HL, Liu CJ. Molecular mechanisms and animal models of hbv-related hepatocellular carcinoma: with emphasis on metastatic tumor antigen. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:9380. 10.3390\/ijms22179380","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S307962","article-title":"The mechanisms of hbv-induced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Jiang Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Han Q, Zhao H, Zhang J. The mechanisms of hbv-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2021, 8:435-50. 10.2147\/JHC.S307962","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2015.09.011","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccination and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Kao JH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kao JH. Hepatitis B vaccination and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2015, 29:907-17. 10.1016\/j.bpg.2015.09.011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.10.024","article-title":"Status of direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis c virus infection and remaining challenges","volume":"156","author":"Baumert TF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baumert TF, Berg T, Lim JK, Nelson DR. Status of direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis c virus infection and remaining challenges. Gastroenterology. 2019, 156:431-45. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.10.024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.10.033","article-title":"What are the benefits of a sustained virologic response to direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis c virus infection?","volume":"156","author":"Ioannou GN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ioannou GN, Feld JJ. What are the benefits of a sustained virologic response to direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis c virus infection?. Gastroenterology. 2019, 156:446-460.e2. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.10.033","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12061035","article-title":"Contemporary Insights into hepatitis c virus: a comprehensive review","volume":"12","author":"Sallam M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sallam M, Khalil R. Contemporary Insights into hepatitis c virus: a comprehensive review. Microorganisms. 2024, 12:1035. 10.3390\/microorganisms12061035","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020423","article-title":"Chronic and acute toxicities of aflatoxins: mechanisms of action","volume":"17","author":"Benkerroum N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benkerroum N. Chronic and acute toxicities of aflatoxins: mechanisms of action. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020, 17:423. 10.3390\/ijerph17020423","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.677926","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms involved in HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)","volume":"11","author":"Zhao P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao P, Malik S, Xing S. Epigenetic mechanisms involved in HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Front Oncol. 2021, 11:677926. 10.3389\/fonc.2021.677926","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14843","article-title":"Epidemiological projections of viral-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in the perspective of WHO global hepatitis elimination","volume":"41","author":"Vo Quang E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vo Quang E, Shimakawa Y, Nahon P. Epidemiological projections of viral-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in the perspective of WHO global hepatitis elimination. Liver Int. 2021, 41:915-27. 10.1111\/liv.14843","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001800","article-title":"Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus: propositions and future directions","volume":"134","author":"Liu JF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu JF, Chen TY, Zhao YR. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus: propositions and future directions. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021, 134:2825-31. 10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001800","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.01.012","article-title":"Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases","volume":"13","author":"Jin X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin X, Qiu T, Li L, et al.. Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023, 13:2403-24. 10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.01.012","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2021.2021339","article-title":"Aflatoxin B1: metabolism, toxicology, and its involvement in oxidative stress and cancer development","volume":"32","author":"Cao W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao W, Yu P, Yang K, Cao D. Aflatoxin B1: metabolism, toxicology, and its involvement in oxidative stress and cancer development. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2022, 32:395-419. 10.1080\/15376516.2021.2021339","journal-title":"Toxicol Mech Methods"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570164617666190925121720","article-title":"Chemoprotective effects of propolis on aflatoxin b1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity by modulating TP53, oxidative stress","volume":"17","author":"Yilmaz S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yilmaz S, Kandemir FM, Kaya E, et al.. Chemoprotective effects of propolis on aflatoxin b1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity by modulating TP53, oxidative stress. Curr Proteomics. 2020, 17: 191-9. 10.2174\/1570164617666190925121720","journal-title":"Curr Proteomics"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-01950-y","article-title":"Oxidative stress in obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: sources, signaling and therapeutic challenges","volume":"40","author":"Brahma MK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brahma MK, Gilglioni EH, Zhou L, Tr\u00e9po E, Chen P, Gurzov EN. Oxidative stress in obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: sources, signaling and therapeutic challenges. Oncogene. 2021, 40:5155-67. 10.1038\/s41388-021-01950-y","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0302","article-title":"Metabolic disease as a risk of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Nishida N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nishida N. Metabolic disease as a risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2021, 27:87-90. 10.3350\/cmh.2020.0302","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.202300016","article-title":"Gut microbiota induced epigenetic modifications in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Tang R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang R, Liu R, Zha H, Cheng Y, Ling Z, Li L. Gut microbiota induced epigenetic modifications in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Eng Life Sci. 2024, 24:2300016. 10.1002\/elsc.202300016","journal-title":"Eng Life Sci"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.01.016","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and liver diseases","volume":"77","author":"Marti-Aguado D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marti-Aguado D, Clemente-Sanchez A, Bataller R. Cigarette smoking and liver diseases. J Hepatol. 2022, 77:191-205. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.01.016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-1654","article-title":"Glucose variability and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with diabetes: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"30","author":"Yoo JJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoo JJ, Cho EJ, Han K, Heo SS, Kim BY, Shin DW, Yu SJ. Glucose variability and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with diabetes: a nationwide population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021, 30:974-81. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-1654","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020491","article-title":"Molecular signaling pathways and therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Dimri M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dimri M, Satyanarayana A. Molecular signaling pathways and therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2020, 12:491. 10.3390\/cancers12020491","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2020.10.001","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): epidemiology, etiology and molecular classification","volume":"149","author":"Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty S, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): epidemiology, etiology and molecular classification. Adv Cancer Res. 2021, 149:1-61. 10.1016\/bs.acr.2020.10.001","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i43.15955","article-title":"Histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Schlageter M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schlageter M, Terracciano LM, D'Angelo S, Sorrentino P. Histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2014, 20:15955-64. 10.3748\/wjg.v20.i43.15955","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-020-00499-5","article-title":"Update on hepatocellular carcinoma: a brief review from pathologist standpoint","volume":"51","author":"Karadag Soylu N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karadag Soylu N. Update on hepatocellular carcinoma: a brief review from pathologist standpoint. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2020, 51:1176-86. 10.1007\/s12029-020-00499-5","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i40.6041","article-title":"Role of liver biopsy in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Di Tommaso L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Tommaso L, Spadaccini M, Donadon M, Personeni N, Elamin A, Aghemo A, Lleo A. Role of liver biopsy in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2019, 25:6041-52. 10.3748\/wjg.v25.i40.6041","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.03.047","article-title":"Tissue diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Jain D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jain D. Tissue diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2014, 4:S67-73. 10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.03.047","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13123076","article-title":"The role of extracellular vesicles in disease progression and detection of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Lee YT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee YT, Tran BV, Wang JJ, et al.. The role of extracellular vesicles in disease progression and detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2021, 13:3076. 10.3390\/cancers13123076","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/2394-5079.2020.42","article-title":"Role of imaging in management of hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment response","volume":"6","author":"Osho A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Osho A, Rich NE, Singal AG. Role of imaging in management of hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment response. Hepatoma Res. 2020, 6:55. 10.20517\/2394-5079.2020.42","journal-title":"Hepatoma Res"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01543-7","article-title":"Liquid biopsy: a step closer to transform diagnosis, prognosis and future of cancer treatments","volume":"21","author":"Lone SN","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lone SN, Nisar S, Masoodi T, et al.. Liquid biopsy: a step closer to transform diagnosis, prognosis and future of cancer treatments. Mol Cancer. 2022, 21:79. 10.1186\/s12943-022-01543-7","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12030349","article-title":"Liquid biopsies: applications for cancer diagnosis and monitoring","volume":"12","author":"Martins I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martins I, Ribeiro IP, Jorge J, Gon\u00e7alves AC, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Melo JB, Carreira IM. Liquid biopsies: applications for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Genes (Basel). 2021, 12:349. 10.3390\/genes12030349","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2012.688023","article-title":"The importance of examining the proportion of circulating DNA originating from tumor, microenvironment and normal cells in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"12 Suppl 1","author":"Mouliere F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mouliere F, Thierry AR. The importance of examining the proportion of circulating DNA originating from tumor, microenvironment and normal cells in colorectal cancer patients. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012, 12 Suppl 1:S209-15. 10.1517\/14712598.2012.688023","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22742","article-title":"Liver biopsy","volume":"49","author":"Rockey DC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rockey DC, Caldwell SH, Goodman ZD, Nelson RC, Smith AD. Liver biopsy. Hepatology. 2009, 49:1017-44. 10.1002\/hep.22742","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.11.030","article-title":"Battle of the biopsies: role of tissue and liquid biopsy in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"80","author":"Lehrich BM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lehrich BM, Zhang J, Monga SP, Dhanasekaran R. Battle of the biopsies: role of tissue and liquid biopsy in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2024, 80:515-30. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.11.030","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i14.1653","article-title":"Update on hepatocellular carcinoma: pathologists' review","volume":"25","author":"El Jabbour T","year":"2019","unstructured":"El Jabbour T, Lagana SM, Lee H. Update on hepatocellular carcinoma: pathologists' review. World J Gastroenterol. 2019, 25:1653-65. 10.3748\/wjg.v25.i14.1653","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21540-8_17","article-title":"Correction to: hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Hoshida Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoshida Y. Correction to: hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Molecular and Translational Medicine. Hoshida Y (ed): Humana, Cham; 2019. 71-92. 10.1007\/978-3-030-21540-8_17"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1102\/1470-7330.2012.0044","article-title":"Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis, staging and treatment monitoring","volume":"12","author":"Hennedige T","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hennedige T, Venkatesh SK. Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis, staging and treatment monitoring. Cancer Imaging. 2013, 12:530-47. 10.1102\/1470-7330.2012.0044","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181494","article-title":"Liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) version 2018: Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in at-risk patients","volume":"289","author":"Chernyak V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chernyak V, Fowler KJ, Kamaya A, et al.. Liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) version 2018: Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in at-risk patients. Radiology. 2018, 289:816-30. 10.1148\/radiol.2018181494","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12832","article-title":"Advancing patient\u2010centered outcomes in emergency diagnostic imaging: a research agenda","volume":"22","author":"Kanzaria HK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kanzaria HK, McCabe AM, Meisel ZM, et al.. Advancing patient\u2010centered outcomes in emergency diagnostic imaging: a research agenda. Acad Emerg Med. 2015, 22:1435-46. 10.1111\/acem.12832","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850801)56:3<660::aid-cncr2820560338>3.0.co;2-f","article-title":"Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma by real-time ultrasonography. A prospective study","volume":"56","author":"Sheu JC","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sheu JC, Sung JL, Chen DS, et al.. Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma by real-time ultrasonography. A prospective study. Cancer. 1985, 56:660-6. 10.1002\/1097-0142(19850801)56:3&lt;660::aid-cncr2820560338&gt;3.0.co;2-f","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343833","article-title":"Comparison of international guidelines for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"1","author":"Bota S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bota S, Piscaglia F, Marinelli S, Pecorelli A, Terzi E, Bolondi L. Comparison of international guidelines for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer. 2012, 1:190-200. 10.1159\/000343833","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00184.x","article-title":"New sonographic techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"37 Suppl 2","author":"Kudo M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kudo M. New sonographic techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2007, 37 Suppl 2:S193-9. 10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00184.x","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.01.004","article-title":"Characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound","volume":"36","author":"Piscaglia F","year":"2010","unstructured":"Piscaglia F, Lencioni R, Sagrini E, Pina CD, Cioni D, Vidili G, Bolondi L. Characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2010, 36:531-50. 10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.01.004","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5164970","article-title":"Modern diagnostic imaging technique applications and risk factors in the medical field: a review","volume":"2022","author":"Hussain S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hussain S, Mubeen I, Ullah N, et al.. Modern diagnostic imaging technique applications and risk factors in the medical field: a review. Biomed Res Int. 2022, 2022:5164970. 10.1155\/2022\/5164970","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref87","article-title":"Using multidetector row computed tomography to diagnose and stage pancreatic carcinoma: the problems and the possibilities","volume":"6","author":"Scaglione M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scaglione M, Pinto A, Romano S, Scialpi M, Volterrani L, Rotondo A, Romano L. Using multidetector row computed tomography to diagnose and stage pancreatic carcinoma: the problems and the possibilities. JOP. 2005, 6:1-5.","journal-title":"JOP"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2343031362","article-title":"Perfusion imaging of the liver: current challenges and future goals","volume":"234","author":"Pandharipande PV","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pandharipande PV, Krinsky GA, Rusinek H, Lee VS. Perfusion imaging of the liver: current challenges and future goals. Radiology. 2005, 234:661-73. 10.1148\/radiol.2343031362","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25711","article-title":"PET\/MRI: where might it replace PET\/CT?","volume":"46","author":"Ehman EC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ehman EC, Johnson GB, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Cha S, Leynes AP, Larson PE, Hope TA. PET\/MRI: where might it replace PET\/CT?. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017, 46:1247-62. 10.1002\/jmri.25711","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20895","article-title":"Imaging strategies to reduce the risk of radiation in CT studies, including selective substitution with MRI","volume":"25","author":"Semelka RC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Semelka RC, Armao DM, Elias J Jr, Huda W. Imaging strategies to reduce the risk of radiation in CT studies, including selective substitution with MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007, 25:900-9. 10.1002\/jmri.20895","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2323030596","article-title":"Improved characterization of liver lesions with liver-phase uptake of liver-specific microbubbles: prospective multicenter study","volume":"232","author":"Bryant TH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bryant TH, Blomley MJ, Albrecht T, et al.. Improved characterization of liver lesions with liver-phase uptake of liver-specific microbubbles: prospective multicenter study. Radiology. 2004, 232:799-809. 10.1148\/radiol.2323030596","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2010.00494.x","article-title":"Radiation exposure and diagnostic imaging","volume":"22","author":"Richardson L","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richardson L. Radiation exposure and diagnostic imaging. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2010, 22:178-85. 10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2010.00494.x","journal-title":"J Am Acad Nurse Pract"},{"key":"ref93","unstructured":"The Basics of mri Interpretation. (2023). Accessed. August 24, 2024: https:\/\/geekymedics.com\/the-basics-of-mri-interpretation\/."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0b013e3181aa6b50","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping and spectroscopy in prostate cancer","volume":"19","author":"Jacobs MA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jacobs MA, Ouwerkerk R, Petrowski K, Macura KJ. Diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping and spectroscopy in prostate cancer. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2008, 19:261-72. 10.1097\/RMR.0b013e3181aa6b50","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1048-0","article-title":"Accurate simultaneous quantification of liver steatosis and iron overload in diffuse liver diseases with MRI","volume":"42","author":"Fran\u00e7a M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a M, Alberich-Bayarri \u00c1, Mart\u00ed-Bonmat\u00ed L, et al.. Accurate simultaneous quantification of liver steatosis and iron overload in diffuse liver diseases with MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2017, 42:1434-43. 10.1007\/s00261-017-1048-0","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15492","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography and other magnetic resonance imaging techniques in chronic liver disease: current status and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Tan CH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tan CH, Venkatesh SK. Magnetic resonance elastography and other magnetic resonance imaging techniques in chronic liver disease: current status and future directions. Gut Liver. 2016, 10:672-86. 10.5009\/gnl15492","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.9-6-633","article-title":"The role of PET scan in diagnosis, staging, and management of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Schrevens L","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schrevens L, Lorent N, Dooms C, Vansteenkiste J. The role of PET scan in diagnosis, staging, and management of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncologist. 2004, 9:633-43. 10.1634\/theoncologist.9-6-633","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"The role of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"69","author":"Wudel LJ Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wudel LJ Jr, Delbeke D, Morris D, et al.. The role of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am Surg. 2003, 69:117-24; discussion 124-6.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i32.4682","article-title":"Positron-emission tomography for hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and future prospects","volume":"25","author":"Lu RC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu RC, She B, Gao WT, Ji YH, Xu DD, Wang QS, Wang SB. Positron-emission tomography for hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and future prospects. World J Gastroenterol. 2019, 25:4682-95. 10.3748\/wjg.v25.i32.4682","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-014-0061-3","article-title":"PET\/CT in patients with liver lesions of different nature","volume":"2","author":"Rachh S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rachh S, Basu S. PET\/CT in patients with liver lesions of different nature. Clin Transl Imaging. 2014, 2:139-55. 10.1007\/s40336-014-0061-3","journal-title":"Clin Transl Imaging"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i1.262","article-title":"Controversies regarding and perspectives on clinical utility of biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Song PP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song PP, Xia JF, Inagaki Y, Hasegawa K, Sakamoto Y, Kokudo N, Tang W. Controversies regarding and perspectives on clinical utility of biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2016, 22:262-74. 10.3748\/wjg.v22.i1.262","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14223","article-title":"Biology and significance of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Galle PR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galle PR, Foerster F, Kudo M, et al.. Biology and significance of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2019, 39:2214-29. 10.1111\/liv.14223","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30553","article-title":"HBx drives alpha fetoprotein expression to promote initiation of liver cancer stem cells through activating PI3K\/AKT signal pathway","volume":"140","author":"Zhu M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu M, Li W, Lu Y, et al.. HBx drives alpha fetoprotein expression to promote initiation of liver cancer stem cells through activating PI3K\/AKT signal pathway. Int J Cancer. 2017, 140:1346-55. 10.1002\/ijc.30553","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1363695","article-title":"The role of alpha-fetoprotein in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Lu Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu Y, Lin B, Li M. The role of alpha-fetoprotein in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2024, 14:1363695. 10.3389\/fonc.2024.1363695","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2020.1712198","article-title":"Developments in predictive biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy","volume":"20","author":"Casadei-Gardini A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casadei-Gardini A, Orsi G, Caputo F, Ercolani G. Developments in predictive biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2020, 20:63-74. 10.1080\/14737140.2020.1712198","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43066-023-00306-3","article-title":"Latest advances in hepatocellular carcinoma management and prevention through advanced technologies","volume":"14","author":"Addissouky TA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Addissouky TA, Sayed IE, Ali MM, et al.. Latest advances in hepatocellular carcinoma management and prevention through advanced technologies. Egypt Liver J. 2024, 14:10.1186\/s43066-023-00306-3","journal-title":"Egypt Liver J"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681163.2023.2280558","article-title":"A deep learning approach for liver cancer detection in ct scans","volume":"11","author":"Hameed U","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hameed U, Ur Rehman M, Rehman A, Dama\u0161evi\u010dius R, Sattar A, Saba T. A deep learning approach for liver cancer detection in ct scans. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 2024, 11:10.1080\/21681163.2023.2280558","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01316","article-title":"New blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Wang T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang T, Zhang KH. New blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2020, 10:1316. 10.3389\/fonc.2020.01316","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071681","article-title":"Serum biomarkers for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Debes JD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Debes JD, Romagnoli PA, Prieto J, Arrese M, Mattos AZ, Boonstra A, On Behalf Of The Escalon Consortium. Serum biomarkers for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2021, 13:1681. 10.3390\/cancers13071681","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12580","article-title":"Remoteness of residence predicts tumor stage, receipt of treatment, and mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Taye BW","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taye BW, Clark PJ, Hartel G, Powell EE, Valery PC. Remoteness of residence predicts tumor stage, receipt of treatment, and mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. JGH Open. 2021, 5:754-62. 10.1002\/jgh3.12580","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153730","article-title":"The treatment effect of liver transplantation versus liver resection for hcc: a review and future perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Beumer BR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beumer BR, de Wilde RF, Metselaar HJ, de Man RA, Polak WG, Ijzermans JN. The treatment effect of liver transplantation versus liver resection for hcc: a review and future perspectives. Cancers (Basel). 2021, 13:3730. 10.3390\/cancers13153730","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v13.i8.845","article-title":"Recent update on comprehensive therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Wang H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang H, Li W. Recent update on comprehensive therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2021, 13:845-55. 10.4251\/wjgo.v13.i8.845","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2020.01.014","article-title":"Advances in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Wang W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang W, Wei C. Advances in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis. 2020, 7:308-19. 10.1016\/j.gendis.2020.01.014","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111366","article-title":"Viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: state of the art","volume":"10","author":"Datfar T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Datfar T, Doulberis M, Papaefthymiou A, Hines IN, Manzini G. Viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: state of the art. Pathogens. 2021, 10:1366. 10.3390\/pathogens10111366","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-48501-x","article-title":"Liquid biopsy: from concept to clinical application","volume":"13","author":"Alix-Panabi\u00e8res C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alix-Panabi\u00e8res C, Marchetti D, Lang JE. Liquid biopsy: from concept to clinical application. Sci Rep. 2023, 13:21685. 10.1038\/s41598-023-48501-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giy135","article-title":"Advances in genomic hepatocellular carcinoma research","volume":"7","author":"Huang W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang W, Skanderup AJ, Lee CG. Advances in genomic hepatocellular carcinoma research. Gigascience. 2018, 7:giy135. 10.1093\/gigascience\/giy135","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S217948","article-title":"Impact of next-generation sequencing on outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: how precise are we really?","volume":"7","author":"Dominguez DA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dominguez DA, Wang XW. Impact of next-generation sequencing on outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: how precise are we really?. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2020, 7:33-7. 10.2147\/JHC.S217948","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.392860","article-title":"Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on a terahertz signal and VMD-CWSE","volume":"11","author":"Liu H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu H, Zhao K, Liu X, Zhang Z, Qian J, Zhang C, Liang M. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on a terahertz signal and VMD-CWSE. Biomed Opt Express. 2020, 11:5045-59. 10.1364\/BOE.392860","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmedt.2022.1065506","article-title":"Metabolomics in hepatocellular carcinoma: from biomarker discovery to precision medicine","volume":"4","author":"Wu X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu X, Wang Z, Luo L, Shu D, Wang K. Metabolomics in hepatocellular carcinoma: from biomarker discovery to precision medicine. Front Med Technol. 2022, 4:1065506. 10.3389\/fmedt.2022.1065506","journal-title":"Front Med Technol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/279476-recent-trends-in-liver-cancer-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-diagnostic-techniques","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T03:39:22Z","timestamp":1729741162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/279476-recent-trends-in-liver-cancer-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-diagnostic-techniques"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"references-count":119,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.72239","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]}}}