{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:13:37Z","timestamp":1780326817134,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.75049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T21:20:23Z","timestamp":1733260823000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lower Cranial Nerves in the Neck: An Anatomical Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o V","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1808-86942011000100011","article-title":"Neck dissection complications (Article in Portuguese)","volume":"77","author":"Dedivitis RA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dedivitis RA, Guimar\u00e3es AV, Pfuetzenreiter EG Jr, Castro MA. Neck dissection complications (Article in Portuguese). Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011, 77:65-9. 10.1590\/s1808-86942011000100011","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000514459","article-title":"Complications after functional neck dissection in head and neck cancer patients: an observational, retrospective, single-centre study","volume":"83","author":"Chiesa-Estomba CM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiesa-Estomba CM, Soriano-Reixach M, Thomas-Arrizabalaga I, Sistiaga-Suarez JA, Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda JA, Larruscain E, Altuna X. Complications after functional neck dissection in head and neck cancer patients: an observational, retrospective, single-centre study. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2021, 83:372-80. 10.1159\/000514459","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.02.007","article-title":"A systematic review of 1143 parapharyngeal space tumors reported over 20 years","volume":"50","author":"Riffat F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Riffat F, Dwivedi RC, Palme C, Fish B, Jani P. A systematic review of 1143 parapharyngeal space tumors reported over 20 years. Oral Oncol. 2014, 50:421-30. 10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.02.007","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.19.00098","article-title":"Hypoglossal nerve palsy after anterior cervical spine surgery: a case report and literature review","volume":"10","author":"Col\u00f3n LF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Col\u00f3n LF, Isaza J, Katsuura Y, Nuss D. Hypoglossal nerve palsy after anterior cervical spine surgery: a case report and literature review. JBJS Case Connect. 2020, 10:e0098. 10.2106\/JBJS.CC.19.00098","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.12.026","article-title":"Cranial nerve injury after carotid endarterectomy: incidence, risk factors, and time trends","volume":"53","author":"Kakisis JD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kakisis JD, Antonopoulos CN, Mantas G, Moulakakis KG, Sfyroeras G, Geroulakos G. Cranial nerve injury after carotid endarterectomy: incidence, risk factors, and time trends. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2017, 53:320-35. 10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.12.026","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2017.18.1.180","article-title":"High-resolution imaging of neural anatomy and pathology of the neck","volume":"18","author":"Lee JH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee JH, Cheng KL, Choi YJ, Baek JH. High-resolution imaging of neural anatomy and pathology of the neck. Korean J Radiol. 2017, 18:180-93. 10.3348\/kjr.2017.18.1.180","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211026991","article-title":"Dysphagia severity and outcomes following iatrogenic high vagal nerve injury","volume":"131","author":"Miles ER","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miles ER, Krishna PD, Inman JC, Lee SC, Walker PC, Simental AA, Crawley BK. Dysphagia severity and outcomes following iatrogenic high vagal nerve injury. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2022, 131:493-8. 10.1177\/00034894211026991","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23823","article-title":"The accessory nerve: A comprehensive review of its anatomy, development, variations, landmarks and clinical considerations","volume":"302","author":"Johal J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johal J, Iwanaga J, Tubbs K, Loukas M, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS. The accessory nerve: A comprehensive review of its anatomy, development, variations, landmarks and clinical considerations. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2019, 302:620-9. 10.1002\/ar.23823","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1601863","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the cervical part of the hypoglossal nerve","volume":"11","author":"Kariuki BN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kariuki BN, Butt F, Mandela P, Odula P. Surgical anatomy of the cervical part of the hypoglossal nerve. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2018, 11:21-7. 10.1055\/s-0037-1601863","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.10.006","article-title":"The hypoglossal nerve: anatomical study of its entire course","volume":"109","author":"Iaconetta G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iaconetta G, Solari D, Villa A, et al.. The hypoglossal nerve: anatomical study of its entire course. World Neurosurg. 2018, 109:e486-92. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.10.006","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5091-4","article-title":"The course of lower cranial nerves within the neck: a cadaveric dissection study","volume":"275","author":"Yigit E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yigit E, Dursun E, Omeroglu E, et al.. The course of lower cranial nerves within the neck: a cadaveric dissection study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018, 275:2541-8. 10.1007\/s00405-018-5091-4","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23936","article-title":"Thirty years of Thiel embalming-a systematic review on its utility in medical research","volume":"35","author":"Hammer N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hammer N. Thirty years of Thiel embalming-a systematic review on its utility in medical research. Clin Anat. 2022, 35:987-97. 10.1002\/ca.23936","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3868-4","article-title":"A multispecialty evaluation of Thiel cadavers for surgical training","volume":"41","author":"Yiasemidou M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yiasemidou M, Roberts D, Glassman D, Tomlinson J, Biyani S, Miskovic D. A multispecialty evaluation of Thiel cadavers for surgical training. World J Surg. 2017, 41:1201-7. 10.1007\/s00268-016-3868-4","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.10.007","article-title":"Thiel embalmed human cadavers in surgical education: optimizing realism and long-term application","volume":"221","author":"Waerlop F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Waerlop F, Rashidian N, Marrannes S, D'Herde K, Willaert W. Thiel embalmed human cadavers in surgical education: optimizing realism and long-term application. Am J Surg. 2021, 221:1300-2. 10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.10.007","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2010.09.001","article-title":"A comparison of Thiel and formalin embalmed cadavers for thyroid surgery training","volume":"9","author":"Eisma R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eisma R, Mahendran S, Majumdar S, Smith D, Soames RW. A comparison of Thiel and formalin embalmed cadavers for thyroid surgery training. Surgeon. 2011, 9:142-6. 10.1016\/j.surge.2010.09.001","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2006.03913.x","article-title":"Anatomical variations of the common carotid artery bifurcation","volume":"76","author":"Lo A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lo A, Oehley M, Bartlett A, Adams D, Blyth P, Al-Ali S. Anatomical variations of the common carotid artery bifurcation. ANZ J Surg. 2006, 76:970-2. 10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2006.03913.x","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2021.08.003","article-title":"Rare anatomical variant of the spinal accessory nerve: case report and comprehensive review","volume":"51","author":"Mills S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mills S, Aristotelous C, Touil LL, James RC. Rare anatomical variant of the spinal accessory nerve: case report and comprehensive review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022, 51:467-72. 10.1016\/j.ijom.2021.08.003","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2013.05.008","article-title":"Intraoperative relationship of the spinal accessory nerve to the internal jugular vein: variation from cadaver studies","volume":"34","author":"Taylor CB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taylor CB, Boone JL, Schmalbach CE, Miller FR. Intraoperative relationship of the spinal accessory nerve to the internal jugular vein: variation from cadaver studies. Am J Otolaryngol. 2013, 34:527-9. 10.1016\/j.amjoto.2013.05.008","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0737-y","article-title":"Anatomic relationship between the spinal accessory nerve and the jugular vein: a cadaveric study","volume":"33","author":"Saman M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saman M, Etebari P, Pakdaman MN, Urken ML. Anatomic relationship between the spinal accessory nerve and the jugular vein: a cadaveric study. Surg Radiol Anat. 2011, 33:175-9. 10.1007\/s00276-010-0737-y","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1010-5182(05)80613-4","article-title":"The innervation of the trapezius muscle in connection with radical neck-dissection. An anatomical study","volume":"19","author":"Krause HR","year":"1991","unstructured":"Krause HR, Bremerich A, Herrmann M. The innervation of the trapezius muscle in connection with radical neck-dissection. An anatomical study. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg Feb. 1991, 19:87-9. 10.1016\/s1010-5182(05)80613-4","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg Feb"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-844","article-title":"Spinal accessory nerve preservation in modified neck dissections: surgical and functional outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Popovski V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Popovski V, Benedetti A, Popovic-Monevska D, Grcev A, Stamatoski A, Zhivadinovik J. Spinal accessory nerve preservation in modified neck dissections: surgical and functional outcomes. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2017, 37:368-74. 10.14639\/0392-100X-844","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20141","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the cervical segment of the hypoglossal nerve","volume":"19","author":"Salame K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Salame K, Masharawi Y, Rochkind S, Arensburg B. Surgical anatomy of the cervical segment of the hypoglossal nerve. Clin Anat. 2006, 19:37-43. 10.1002\/ca.20141","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.2.0268","article-title":"Surgical anatomy for direct hypoglossal-facial nerve side-to-end \"anastomosis\"","volume":"91","author":"Asaoka K","year":"1999","unstructured":"Asaoka K, Sawamura Y, Nagashima M, Fukushima T. Surgical anatomy for direct hypoglossal-facial nerve side-to-end \"anastomosis\". J Neurosurg. 1999, 91:268-75. 10.3171\/jns.1999.91.2.0268","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1102","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the facial nerve trunk","volume":"15","author":"Salame K","year":"2002","unstructured":"Salame K, Ouaknine GE, Arensburg B, Rochkind S. Microsurgical anatomy of the facial nerve trunk. Clin Anat. 2002, 15:93-9. 10.1002\/ca.1102","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28324","article-title":"Nonselective reinnervation as a primary or salvage treatment of unilateral vocal fold palsy","volume":"130","author":"Marie JP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marie JP, Hansen K, Brami P, Marronnier A, Bon-Mardion N. Nonselective reinnervation as a primary or salvage treatment of unilateral vocal fold palsy. Laryngoscope. 2020, 130:1756-63. 10.1002\/lary.28324","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.10.010","article-title":"Ansa cervicalis - a new classification approach","volume":"222","author":"Shvedavchenko AI","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shvedavchenko AI, Oganesyan MV, Hammer CM, Paulsen F, Bakhmet AA. Ansa cervicalis - a new classification approach. Ann Anat. 2019, 222:55-60. 10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.10.010","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199710000-00014","article-title":"Ansa cervicalis nerve: review of the topographic anatomy and morphology","volume":"107","author":"Chhetri DK","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chhetri DK, Berke GS. Ansa cervicalis nerve: review of the topographic anatomy and morphology. Laryngoscope. 1997, 107:1366-72. 10.1097\/00005537-199710000-00014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/313645-lower-cranial-nerves-in-the-neck-an-anatomical-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T21:20:25Z","timestamp":1733260825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/313645-lower-cranial-nerves-in-the-neck-an-anatomical-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.75049","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]}}}