{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:19:34Z","timestamp":1778692774025,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.75214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T13:59:33Z","timestamp":1733493573000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of Acetazolamide for Treatment of Iatrogenic, Traumatic, and Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks of the Anterior Skull Base: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Spencer L","family":"Raub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary A","family":"Abecassis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas A","family":"Hanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyly","family":"Hiatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aria","family":"Jamshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Celano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manny","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Ruzevick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.12.JNS192891","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of the endonasal endoscopic approach within a standardized management protocol for repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"134","author":"Kreatsoulas DC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kreatsoulas DC, Shah VS, Otto BA, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM, Hardesty DA. Surgical outcomes of the endonasal endoscopic approach within a standardized management protocol for repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. J Neurosurg. 2021, 134:780-6. 10.3171\/2019.12.JNS192891","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606306","article-title":"Surgical outcomes and postoperative management in spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"79","author":"Jiang ZY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang ZY, McLean C, Perez C, Barnett S, Friedman D, Tajudeen BA, Batra PS. Surgical outcomes and postoperative management in spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2018, 79:193-9. 10.1055\/s-0037-1606306","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182a473cf","article-title":"ICP, BMI, surgical repair, and CSF diversion in patients presenting with spontaneous CSF otorrhea","volume":"35","author":"Vivas EX","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vivas EX, Mccall A, Raz Y, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Gardner P, Hirsch BE. ICP, BMI, surgical repair, and CSF diversion in patients presenting with spontaneous CSF otorrhea. Otol Neurotol. 2014, 35:344-7. 10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182a473cf","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13081771","article-title":"Management of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after microvascular decompression surgery: clinical strategy","volume":"13","author":"Lee HS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee HS, Cho KR, Park K, Jeon C. Management of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after microvascular decompression surgery: clinical strategy. Life (Basel). 2023, 13:10.3390\/life13081771","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24160","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak repair: a five-year prospective evaluation","volume":"124","author":"Chaaban MR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaaban MR, Illing E, Riley KO, Woodworth BA. Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak repair: a five-year prospective evaluation. Laryngoscope. 2014, 124:70-5. 10.1002\/lary.24160","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucie.2021.06.004","article-title":"Investigating acetazolamide effectiveness on CSF leak in adult patients after spinal surgery","volume":"33","author":"Kankam SB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kankam SB, Amini E, Khoshnevisan K, Khoshnevisan A. Investigating acetazolamide effectiveness on CSF leak in adult patients after spinal surgery. Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed). 2022, 33:293-9. 10.1016\/j.neucie.2021.06.004","journal-title":"Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28720","article-title":"Role of adjunct treatments for idiopathic CSF leaks after endoscopic repair","volume":"131","author":"Sanghvi S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sanghvi S, Sarna B, Alam E, Pasol J, Levine C, Casiano RR. Role of adjunct treatments for idiopathic CSF leaks after endoscopic repair. Laryngoscope. 2021, 131:41-7. 10.1002\/lary.28720","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22245","article-title":"Preoperative management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with acetazolamide","volume":"9","author":"Tilak AM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tilak AM, Koehn H, Mattos J, Payne SC. Preoperative management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with acetazolamide. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2019, 9:265-9. 10.1002\/alr.22245","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12619","article-title":"Acetazolamide: old drug, new evidence?","volume":"7","author":"Shukralla AA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shukralla AA, Dolan E, Delanty N. Acetazolamide: old drug, new evidence?. Epilepsia Open. 2022, 7:378-92. 10.1002\/epi4.12619","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1787090","article-title":"Role of acetazolamide in traumatic CSF rhinorrhea and otorrhea: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Madeshiya S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Madeshiya S, Srivastava C, Ojha BK, Chandra A, Jaiswal S, Bajaj A, Yadav A. Role of acetazolamide in traumatic CSF rhinorrhea and otorrhea: a randomized controlled trial. Asian J Neurosurg. 2024, 19:380-5. 10.1055\/s-0044-1787090","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.02.010","article-title":"Spontaneous CSF leaks: a paradigm for definitive repair and management of intracranial hypertension","volume":"138","author":"Woodworth BA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Woodworth BA, Prince A, Chiu AG, et al.. Spontaneous CSF leaks: a paradigm for definitive repair and management of intracranial hypertension. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008, 138:715-20. 10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.02.010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020152","article-title":"Conservative management of post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak following skull base surgery: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Jamshidi AM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jamshidi AM, Shah A, Eichberg DG, Komotar RJ, Ivan M. Conservative management of post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak following skull base surgery: a pilot study. Brain Sci. 2022, 12:152. 10.3390\/brainsci12020152","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: predictive factors and management options - a single-institute experience","volume":"8","author":"Phogat V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phogat V, Meena US, Mishra K, Sharma A. Post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: predictive factors and management options - a single-institute experience. Int J Sci Study. 2021, 8:66-70.","journal-title":"Int J Sci Study"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.06.036","article-title":"Presentation and management of post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leaks after sphenoclival expanded endonasal surgery: a single institution experience","volume":"91","author":"Jiam NT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiam NT, David AP, Formeister EJ, et al.. Presentation and management of post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leaks after sphenoclival expanded endonasal surgery: a single institution experience. J Clin Neurosci. 2021, 91:13-9. 10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.06.036","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.05.134","article-title":"Hormonal fertility therapy as potential risk factor for cerebrospinal fluid leak after endoscopic endonasal surgery: case study and literature review","volume":"128","author":"Jaman E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jaman E, Goldschmidt E, Algattas H, Wang E, Snyderman CH, Gardner PA. Hormonal fertility therapy as potential risk factor for cerebrospinal fluid leak after endoscopic endonasal surgery: case study and literature review. World Neurosurg. 2019, 128:458-63. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.05.134","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.068","article-title":"Clinical significance of long-term follow-up of children with posttraumatic skull base fracture","volume":"103","author":"Leibu S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leibu S, Rosenthal G, Shoshan Y, Benifla M. Clinical significance of long-term follow-up of children with posttraumatic skull base fracture. World Neurosurg. 2017, 103:315-21. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.068","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Analysing the effect of early acetazolamide administration on patients with a high risk of permanent cerebrospinal fluid leakage","volume":"51","author":"Abrishamkar S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abrishamkar S, Khalighinejad N, Moein P. Analysing the effect of early acetazolamide administration on patients with a high risk of permanent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Acta Med Iran. 2013, 51:467-471.","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21188","article-title":"Acetazolamide for high intracranial pressure cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"3","author":"Chaaban MR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaaban MR, Illing E, Riley KO, Woodworth BA. Acetazolamide for high intracranial pressure cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013, 3:718-21. 10.1002\/alr.21188","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318271c312","article-title":"Association of benign intracranial hypertension and spontaneous encephalocele with cerebrospinal fluid leak","volume":"33","author":"Brainard L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brainard L, Chen DA, Aziz KM, Hillman TA. Association of benign intracranial hypertension and spontaneous encephalocele with cerebrospinal fluid leak. Otol Neurotol. 2012, 33:1621-4. 10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318271c312","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4455-5","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the anterior skull base secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"274","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Capoccioni G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Capoccioni G, Serramito-Garc\u00eda R, Mart\u00edn-Bail\u00f3n M, Garc\u00eda-Allut A, Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn C. Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the anterior skull base secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017, 274:2175-81. 10.1007\/s00405-017-4455-5","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21424","article-title":"Perioperative continuous cerebrospinal fluid pressure monitoring in patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"5","author":"Xie YJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xie YJ, Shargorodsky J, Lane AP, et al.. Perioperative continuous cerebrospinal fluid pressure monitoring in patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015, 5:71-7. 10.1002\/alr.21424","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28929","article-title":"An expedited intracranial pressure monitoring protocol following spontaneous CSF leak repair","volume":"131","author":"McCormick JP","year":"2021","unstructured":"McCormick JP, Tilak A, Lampkin HB, et al.. An expedited intracranial pressure monitoring protocol following spontaneous CSF leak repair. Laryngoscope. 2021, 131:E408-12. 10.1002\/lary.28929","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215115000584","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the anterior skull base: a surgical challenge","volume":"129","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Capoccioni G","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Capoccioni G, Serramito-Garc\u00eda R, Huertas-Pardo B, Garc\u00eda-Allut A, Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn C. Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the anterior skull base: a surgical challenge. J Laryngol Otol. 2015, 129:358-64. 10.1017\/S0022215115000584","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814551122","article-title":"Increased intracranial pressure in spontaneous CSF leak patients is not associated with papilledema","volume":"151","author":"Aaron G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aaron G, Doyle J, Vaphiades MS, Riley KO, Woodworth BA. Increased intracranial pressure in spontaneous CSF leak patients is not associated with papilledema. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014, 151:1061-6. 10.1177\/0194599814551122","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716898","article-title":"A unique subset: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting as spontaneous CSF leak of the anterior skull base","volume":"83","author":"Hong CS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong CS, Kundishora AJ, Elsamadicy AA, Vining EM, Manes RP, Omay SB. A unique subset: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting as spontaneous CSF leak of the anterior skull base. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2022, 83:105-15. 10.1055\/s-0040-1716898","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000503813","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Alkhotani A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alkhotani A. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Case Rep Neurol. 2019, 11:295-8. 10.1159\/000503813","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.131105","article-title":"A case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: accurate detection of the leak point by magnetic resonance cisternography","volume":"5","author":"Matsubara T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsubara T, Akutsu H, Tanaka S, Yamamoto T, Ishikawa E, Matsumura A. A case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: accurate detection of the leak point by magnetic resonance cisternography. Surg Neurol Int. 2014, 5:54. 10.4103\/2152-7806.131105","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e18274b870","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and rhinorrhea in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients","volume":"33","author":"Rosenfeld E","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenfeld E, Dotan G, Kimchi TJ, Kesler A. Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and rhinorrhea in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients. J Neuroophthalmol. 2013, 33:113-6. 10.1097\/WNO.0b013e18274b870","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01658107.2023.2251579","article-title":"Seizures as the initial manifestation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension spectrum disorder","volume":"47","author":"Al-Balushi N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Balushi N, Bouthour W, Banc A, Mosleh R, Saindane AM, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Seizures as the initial manifestation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension spectrum disorder. Neuroophthalmology. 2023, 47:248-54. 10.1080\/01658107.2023.2251579","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.2394","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak in a transgender man: is testosterone therapy a risk factor?","volume":"146","author":"Lin GC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin GC, Paz M, Porrmann JW, Scharf R, Benitez RP, Moshel YA. Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak in a transgender man: is testosterone therapy a risk factor?. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020, 146:973-5. 10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.2394","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200409000-00020","article-title":"Opening cerebrospinal fluid pressure guides the management of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after acoustic neuroma surgery","volume":"25","author":"Kalamarides M","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kalamarides M, Grayeli AB, Bouccara D, Redondo A, Rey A, Sterkers O. Opening cerebrospinal fluid pressure guides the management of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after acoustic neuroma surgery. Otol Neurotol. 2004, 25:769-72. 10.1097\/00129492-200409000-00020","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/ons.0000000000001301","article-title":"The role of watertight Dural closure in supratentorial craniotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Gibbon FL","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gibbon FL, Lindner RJ, Silva MT, Gago G, Chaddad-Neto F. The role of watertight Dural closure in supratentorial craniotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2024, 10.1227\/ons.0000000000001301","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin23.267","article-title":"Clinical and technical factors in endoscopic skull base surgery associated with reconstructive success","volume":"62","author":"Abiri A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abiri A, Bitner BF, Nguyen TV, et al.. Clinical and technical factors in endoscopic skull base surgery associated with reconstructive success. Rhinology. 2024, 62:330-41. 10.4193\/Rhin23.267","journal-title":"Rhinology"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/310620-efficacy-of-acetazolamide-for-treatment-of-iatrogenic-traumatic-and-spontaneous-cerebrospinal-fluid-leaks-of-the-anterior-skull-base-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T13:59:35Z","timestamp":1733493575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/310620-efficacy-of-acetazolamide-for-treatment-of-iatrogenic-traumatic-and-spontaneous-cerebrospinal-fluid-leaks-of-the-anterior-skull-base-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.75214","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]}}}