{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:46:05Z","timestamp":1767339965086,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.76970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T01:56:34Z","timestamp":1736128594000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Comprehensive Review of Occupational Medicine in the Paint Industry: Roles of Family Medicine and Internal Medicine"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Joshua A","family":"Jogie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Some organic solvents, resin monomers and related compounds, pigments and occupational exposures in paint manufacture and painting","volume":"47","year":"1989","unstructured":"Some organic solvents, resin monomers and related compounds, pigments and occupational exposures in paint manufacture and painting. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1989, 47.1-442.","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Occupational illness in the arts","volume":"36","author":"McCunney RJ","year":"1987","unstructured":"McCunney RJ, Russo PK, Doyle JR. Occupational illness in the arts. Am Fam Physician. 1987, 36:145-53.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.022400","article-title":"Solvent neurotoxicity","volume":"63","author":"Dick FD","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dick FD. Solvent neurotoxicity. Occup Environ Med. 2006, 63:221-6, 179. 10.1136\/oem.2005.022400","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/36.4.385","article-title":"Solvent exposure and related work practices amongst apprentice spray painters in automotive body repair workshops","volume":"36","author":"Winder C","year":"1992","unstructured":"Winder C, Turner PJ. Solvent exposure and related work practices amongst apprentice spray painters in automotive body repair workshops. Ann Occup Hyg. 1992, 36:385-94. 10.1093\/annhyg\/36.4.385","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315464","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in paint industry workers exposed to volatile organic compounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Sekhar L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sekhar L, Govindarajan Venguidesvarane A, Thiruvengadam G, Sharma Y, Venugopal V, Rengarajan S, Johnson P. Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in paint industry workers exposed to volatile organic compounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2024, 19:e0315464. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0315464","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00380772","article-title":"Respiratory and other hazards of isocyanates","volume":"66","author":"Baur X","year":"1994","unstructured":"Baur X, Marek W, Ammon J, et al.. Respiratory and other hazards of isocyanates. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1994, 66:141-52. 10.1007\/BF00380772","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Organic solvent neurotoxicity. Facts and research needs","volume":"11","author":"Spencer PS","year":"1985","unstructured":"Spencer PS, Schaumburg HH. Organic solvent neurotoxicity. Facts and research needs. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1985, 11:53-60.","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-2-2","article-title":"Solvent exposure and malignant lymphoma: a population-based case-control study in Germany","volume":"2","author":"Seidler A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Seidler A, M\u00f6hner M, Berger J, et al.. Solvent exposure and malignant lymphoma: a population-based case-control study in Germany. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2007, 2:2. 10.1186\/1745-6673-2-2","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards. (2016). Accessed: December 29, 2024: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/npg\/pgintrod.html."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxab021","article-title":"Occupational exposure to diisocyanates in the European Union","volume":"65","author":"Rother D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rother D, Schl\u00fcter U. Occupational exposure to diisocyanates in the European Union. Ann Work Expo Health. 2021, 65:893-907. 10.1093\/annweh\/wxab021","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9557","article-title":"Skin exposure to isocyanates: reasons for concern","volume":"115","author":"Bello D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bello D, Herrick CA, Smith TJ, et al.. Skin exposure to isocyanates: reasons for concern. Environ Health Perspect. 2007, 115:328-35. 10.1289\/ehp.9557","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg238","article-title":"Occupation and asthma: a population-based incident case-control study","volume":"158","author":"Jaakkola JJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jaakkola JJ, Piipari R, Jaakkola MS. Occupation and asthma: a population-based incident case-control study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003, 158:981-7. 10.1093\/aje\/kwg238","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2014.02.001","article-title":"Occupational hazards and safety measures amongst the paint factory workers in lagos, Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Awodele O","year":"2014","unstructured":"Awodele O, Popoola TD, Ogbudu BS, Akinyede A, Coker HA, Akintonwa A. Occupational hazards and safety measures amongst the paint factory workers in lagos, Nigeria. Saf Health Work. 2014, 5:106-11. 10.1016\/j.shaw.2014.02.001","journal-title":"Saf Health Work"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.51.3.181","article-title":"Occupational exposure to water based paint and symptoms from the skin and eyes","volume":"51","author":"Wieslander G","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wieslander G, Norb\u00e4ck D, Edling C. Occupational exposure to water based paint and symptoms from the skin and eyes. Occup Environ Med. 1994, 51:181-6. 10.1136\/oem.51.3.181","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4161","article-title":"Occupational exposure to organic solvents and the risk of developing testicular germ cell tumors (TESTIS study): effect of combined exposure assessment on risk estimation","volume":"50","author":"Guth M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guth M, Pilorget C, Lefevre M, et al.. Occupational exposure to organic solvents and the risk of developing testicular germ cell tumors (TESTIS study): effect of combined exposure assessment on risk estimation. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2024, 50:359-71. 10.5271\/sjweh.4161","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1703-1","article-title":"The involvement of TRP channels in sensory irritation: a mechanistic approach toward a better understanding of the biological effects of local irritants","volume":"90","author":"Lehmann R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lehmann R, Sch\u00f6bel N, Hatt H, van Thriel C. The involvement of TRP channels in sensory irritation: a mechanistic approach toward a better understanding of the biological effects of local irritants. Arch Toxicol. 2016, 90:1399-413. 10.1007\/s00204-016-1703-1","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Some Organic Solvents, Resin Monomers and Related Compounds, Pigments and Occupational Exposures in Paint Manufacture and Painting","year":"1989","unstructured":"Some Organic Solvents, Resin Monomers and Related Compounds, Pigments and Occupational Exposures in Paint Manufacture and Painting. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 47. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; 1989. https.\/\/publications.iarc.fr\/Book-And-Report-Series\/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-...."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2018.08.002","article-title":"Blue-collar work and women's health: a systematic review of the evidence from 1990 to 2015","volume":"6","author":"Elser H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elser H, Falconi AM, Bass M, Cullen MR. Blue-collar work and women's health: a systematic review of the evidence from 1990 to 2015. SSM Popul Health. 2018, 6:195-244. 10.1016\/j.ssmph.2018.08.002","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000165748.31326.e8","article-title":"Respiratory health effects related to occupational spray painting and welding","volume":"47","author":"Hammond SK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hammond SK, Gold E, Baker R, Quinlan P, Smith W, Pandya R, Balmes J. Respiratory health effects related to occupational spray painting and welding. J Occup Environ Med. 2005, 47:728-39. 10.1097\/01.jom.0000165748.31326.e8","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15171\/hpp.2018.42","article-title":"Evaluation of occupational exposure to different levels of mixed organic solvents and cognitive function in the painting unit of an automotive industry","volume":"8","author":"Golbabaei F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Golbabaei F, Dehghani F, Saatchi M, Zakerian S. Evaluation of occupational exposure to different levels of mixed organic solvents and cognitive function in the painting unit of an automotive industry. Health Promot Perspect. 2018, 8:296-302.","journal-title":"Health Promot Perspect"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.10.635","article-title":"Occupational exposure to solvents and male infertility","volume":"58","author":"Cherry N","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cherry N, Labr\u00e8che F, Collins J, Tulandi T. Occupational exposure to solvents and male infertility. Occup Environ Med. 2001, 58:635-40. 10.1136\/oem.58.10.635","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1993.1134","article-title":"A cross-sectional survey of neurobehavioral effects of chronic solvent exposure on workers in a paint manufacturing plant","volume":"63","author":"Colvin M","year":"1993","unstructured":"Colvin M, Myers J, Nell V, Rees D, Cronje R. A cross-sectional survey of neurobehavioral effects of chronic solvent exposure on workers in a paint manufacturing plant. Environ Res. 1993, 63:122-32. 10.1006\/enrs.1993.1134","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02074.x","article-title":"Occupational contact dermatitis in painters: an analysis of patch test data from the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group","volume":"67","author":"Mose AP","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mose AP, Lundov MD, Zachariae C, et al.. Occupational contact dermatitis in painters: an analysis of patch test data from the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group. Contact Dermatitis. 2012, 67:293-7. 10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02074.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9786","article-title":"Cumulative lead dose and cognitive function in adults: a review of studies that measured both blood lead and bone lead","volume":"115","author":"Shih RA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shih RA, Hu H, Weisskopf MG, Schwartz BS. Cumulative lead dose and cognitive function in adults: a review of studies that measured both blood lead and bone lead. Environ Health Perspect. 2007, 115:483-92. 10.1289\/ehp.9786","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/183728","article-title":"Neuropsychological symptoms among workers exposed to toluene and xylene in two paint manufacturing factories in Eastern Thailand","volume":"2015","author":"Thetkathuek A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thetkathuek A, Jaidee W, Saowakhontha S, Ekburanawat W. Neuropsychological symptoms among workers exposed to toluene and xylene in two paint manufacturing factories in Eastern Thailand. Adv Prev Med. 2015, 2015:183728. 10.1155\/2015\/183728","journal-title":"Adv Prev Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199705000-00016","article-title":"Cancer mortality among workers with benzene exposure","volume":"8","author":"Ireland B","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ireland B, Collins JJ, Buckley CF, Riordan SG. Cancer mortality among workers with benzene exposure. Epidemiology. 1997, 8:318-20. 10.1097\/00001648-199705000-00016","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2020.02.009","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to fragrances","volume":"38","author":"Reeder MJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reeder MJ. Allergic contact dermatitis to fragrances. Dermatol Clin. 2020, 38:371-7. 10.1016\/j.det.2020.02.009","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1289046","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among emerging manufacturing workers in Beijing, China","volume":"10","author":"Ding X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding X, Guan Z, Liu N, et al.. Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among emerging manufacturing workers in Beijing, China. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023, 10:1289046. 10.3389\/fmed.2023.1289046","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1378027","article-title":"Association between pesticide exposure and thyroid function: analysis of Chinese and NHANES databases","volume":"12","author":"Xu L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu L, Yang S, Wang L, et al.. Association between pesticide exposure and thyroid function: analysis of Chinese and NHANES databases. Front Public Health. 2024, 12:1378027. 10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1378027","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2016-208676","article-title":"Reducing chemical exposures at home: opportunities for action","volume":"71","author":"Zota AR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zota AR, Singla V, Adamkiewicz G, Mitro SD, Dodson RE. Reducing chemical exposures at home: opportunities for action. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2017, 71:937-40. 10.1136\/jech-2016-208676","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094645","article-title":"Occupational exposure in industrial painters: sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers to evaluate early cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress","volume":"18","author":"Cavallo D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cavallo D, Ursini CL, Fresegna AM, et al.. Occupational exposure in industrial painters: sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers to evaluate early cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021, 18:4645. 10.3390\/ijerph18094645","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130210136954","article-title":"Significance of house painters' work techniques on shoulder muscle strain during overhead work","volume":"45","author":"Stenlund B","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stenlund B, Lindbeck L, Karlsson D. Significance of house painters' work techniques on shoulder muscle strain during overhead work. Ergonomics. 2002, 45:455-68. 10.1080\/00140130210136954","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/216507999804600705","article-title":"Medical surveillance of the lead exposed worker. Current guidelines","volume":"46","author":"Hipkins KL","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hipkins KL, Materna BL, Kosnett MJ, Rogge JW, Cone JE. Medical surveillance of the lead exposed worker. Current guidelines. AAOHN J. 1998, 46:330-9.","journal-title":"AAOHN J"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Prevalence of occupational asthma in spray painters exposed to several types of isocyanates, including polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate","volume":"29","author":"S\u00e9guin P","year":"1987","unstructured":"S\u00e9guin P, Allard A, Cartier A, Malo JL. Prevalence of occupational asthma in spray painters exposed to several types of isocyanates, including polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate. J Occup Med. 1987, 29:340-4.","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-212267","article-title":"Occupational exposure to solvents and lung function decline: a population based study","volume":"74","author":"Alif SM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alif SM, Dharmage S, Benke G, et al.. Occupational exposure to solvents and lung function decline: a population based study. Thorax. 2019, 74:650-8. 10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-212267","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.51.9.617","article-title":"Retrospective assessment of solvent exposure in paint manufacturing","volume":"51","author":"Glass DC","year":"1994","unstructured":"Glass DC, Spurgeon A, Calvert IA, Clark JL, Harrington JM. Retrospective assessment of solvent exposure in paint manufacturing. Occup Environ Med. 1994, 51:617-25. 10.1136\/oem.51.9.617","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-8-22","article-title":"Nanoparticle exposure at nanotechnology workplaces: a review","volume":"8","author":"Kuhlbusch TA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuhlbusch TA, Asbach C, Fissan H, G\u00f6hler D, Stintz M. Nanoparticle exposure at nanotechnology workplaces: a review. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2011, 8:22. 10.1186\/1743-8977-8-22","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00618.x","article-title":"Chemical exposure and symptoms of hand dermatitis in construction painters","volume":"53","author":"Kaukiainen A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaukiainen A, Riala R, Martikainen R, Estlander T, Susitaival P, Aalto-Korte K. Chemical exposure and symptoms of hand dermatitis in construction painters. Contact Dermatitis. 2005, 53:14-21. 10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00618.x","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7888\/juoeh.46.191","article-title":"Health and safety education for painting workers in small companies to make them aware that paint Is \"dangerous and harmful\"","volume":"46","author":"Arao H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arao H, Hinoue M, Hara K. Health and safety education for painting workers in small companies to make them aware that paint Is \"dangerous and harmful\". J UOEH. 2024, 46:191-202. 10.7888\/juoeh.46.191","journal-title":"J UOEH"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.61.1.35","article-title":"A study on dynamic volatile organic compound emission characterization of water-based paints","volume":"61","author":"Chang YM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang YM, Hu WH, Fang WB, Chen SS, Chang CT, Ching HW. A study on dynamic volatile organic compound emission characterization of water-based paints. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2011, 61:35-45. 10.3155\/1047-3289.61.1.35","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manag Assoc"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1993.1036","article-title":"Neurobehavioral effects in occupational chemical exposure","volume":"60","author":"Foo SC","year":"1993","unstructured":"Foo SC, Ngim CH, Salleh I, Jeyaratnam J, Boey KW. Neurobehavioral effects in occupational chemical exposure. Environ Res. 1993, 60:267-73. 10.1006\/enrs.1993.1036","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Occupational asthma in the developing and industrialised world: a review","volume":"11","author":"Jeebhay MF","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jeebhay MF, Quirce S. Occupational asthma in the developing and industrialised world: a review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2007, 11:122-33.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.716","article-title":"Neurobehavioral effects during experimental exposure to 1-octanol and isopropanol","volume":"29","author":"van Thriel C","year":"2003","unstructured":"van Thriel C, Kiesswetter E, Blaszkewicz M, Golka K, Seeber A. Neurobehavioral effects during experimental exposure to 1-octanol and isopropanol. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2003, 29:143-51. 10.5271\/sjweh.716","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh.2009.24.1.15","article-title":"Neurotoxic effects and biomarkers of lead exposure: a review","volume":"24","author":"Sanders T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sanders T, Liu Y, Buchner V, Tchounwou PB. Neurotoxic effects and biomarkers of lead exposure: a review. Rev Environ Health. 2009, 24:15-45. 10.1515\/reveh.2009.24.1.15","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2005.08.007","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of oxidative damage from organic solvent vapours on human skin","volume":"20","author":"Costa C","year":"2006","unstructured":"Costa C, Pasquale RD, Silvari V, Barbaro M, Catania S. In vitro evaluation of oxidative damage from organic solvent vapours on human skin. Toxicol In Vitro. 2006, 20:324-31. 10.1016\/j.tiv.2005.08.007","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"The safety data sheets of the paint and coatings sector: analysis of the items of most interest to health and safety in the workplace [Article in Italian]","volume":"105","author":"Boniardi L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boniardi L, Canti Z, Cantoni S, Fustinoni S. The safety data sheets of the paint and coatings sector: analysis of the items of most interest to health and safety in the workplace [Article in Italian]. Med Lav. 2014, 105:366-81.","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph111212668","article-title":"Lead in school children from Morelos, Mexico: levels, sources and feasible interventions","volume":"11","author":"Far\u00edas P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Far\u00edas P, \u00c1lamo-Hern\u00e1ndez U, Mancilla-S\u00e1nchez L, Texcalac-Sangrador JL, Carrizales-Y\u00e1\u00f1ez L, Riojas-Rodr\u00edguez H. Lead in school children from Morelos, Mexico: levels, sources and feasible interventions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014, 11:12668-82. 10.3390\/ijerph111212668","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Noise-induced hearing loss among manufacturing factory workers in Kuching, Sarawak: prevalence and associated risk factors","volume":"78","author":"Halim I","year":"2023","unstructured":"Halim I, Azizul I, David CC, et al.. Noise-induced hearing loss among manufacturing factory workers in Kuching, Sarawak: prevalence and associated risk factors. Med J Malaysia. 2023, 78:559-65.","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2017.10.003","article-title":"Vibration and ergonomic exposures associated with musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder and neck","volume":"9","author":"Charles LE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Charles LE, Ma CC, Burchfiel CM, Dong RG. Vibration and ergonomic exposures associated with musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder and neck. Saf Health Work. 2018, 9:125-32. 10.1016\/j.shaw.2017.10.003","journal-title":"Saf Health Work"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.86.3.332","article-title":"Psychosocial work environment and sickness absence among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study","volume":"86","author":"North FM","year":"1996","unstructured":"North FM, Syme SL, Feeney A, Shipley M, Marmot M. Psychosocial work environment and sickness absence among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Am J Public Health. 1996, 86:332-40. 10.2105\/ajph.86.3.332","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-003-0483-0","article-title":"Reduced exposure to organic solvents by use of water-based paint systems in car repair shops","volume":"77","author":"Br\u00e5tveit M","year":"2004","unstructured":"Br\u00e5tveit M, Hollund BE, Moen BE. Reduced exposure to organic solvents by use of water-based paint systems in car repair shops. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2004, 77:31-8. 10.1007\/s00420-003-0483-0","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.00284","article-title":"Occupational exposure to diisocyanates in polyurethane foam factory workers","volume":"28","author":"\u015awierczy\u0144ska-Machura D","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u015awierczy\u0144ska-Machura D, Brze\u017anicki S, Nowakowska-\u015awirta E, et al.. Occupational exposure to diisocyanates in polyurethane foam factory workers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2015, 28:985-98. 10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.00284","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2014.888597","article-title":"Ototoxicity effects of low exposure to solvent mixture among paint manufacturing workers","volume":"53","author":"Ju\u00e1rez-P\u00e9rez CA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ju\u00e1rez-P\u00e9rez CA, Torres-Valenzuela A, Haro-Garc\u00eda LC, Borja-Aburto VH, Aguilar-Madrid G. Ototoxicity effects of low exposure to solvent mixture among paint manufacturing workers. Int J Audiol. 2014, 53:370-6. 10.3109\/14992027.2014.888597","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107599","article-title":"Occupational asthma and contact dermatitis in a spray painter after introduction of an aziridine cross-linker","volume":"107","author":"Leffler CT","year":"1999","unstructured":"Leffler CT, Milton DK. Occupational asthma and contact dermatitis in a spray painter after introduction of an aziridine cross-linker. Environ Health Perspect. 1999, 107:599-601. 10.1289\/ehp.99107599","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002888","article-title":"Electronic health records and occupational data: a call for promoting interoperability","volume":"65","author":"Kowalski-Mcgraw M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kowalski-Mcgraw M, McLellan RK, Berenji M, Saito K, Green-McKenzie J, Thompson H, Hudson TW 3rd. Electronic health records and occupational data: a call for promoting interoperability. J Occup Environ Med. 2023, 65:e520-6. 10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002888","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300185","article-title":"Reformulating lead-based paint as a problem in Canada","volume":"101 Suppl 1","author":"O'Grady K","year":"2011","unstructured":"O'Grady K, Perron A. Reformulating lead-based paint as a problem in Canada. Am J Public Health. 2011, 101 Suppl 1:S176-87. 10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300185","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Occupational risk assessment of paint industry workers","volume":"15","author":"de Oliveira HM","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Oliveira HM, Dagostim GP, da Silva AM, Tavares P, da Rosa LA, de Andrade VM. Occupational risk assessment of paint industry workers. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2011, 15:52-8.","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.016147","article-title":"Surveillance for isocyanate asthma: a model based cost effectiveness analysis","volume":"62","author":"Wild DM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wild DM, Redlich CA, Paltiel AD. Surveillance for isocyanate asthma: a model based cost effectiveness analysis. Occup Environ Med. 2005, 62:743-9. 10.1136\/oem.2004.016147","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.026013","article-title":"Adverse reproductive outcomes among male painters with occupational exposure to organic solvents","volume":"63","author":"Hooiveld M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hooiveld M, Haveman W, Roskes K, Bretveld R, Burstyn I, Roeleveld N. Adverse reproductive outcomes among male painters with occupational exposure to organic solvents. Occup Environ Med. 2006, 63:538-44. 10.1136\/oem.2005.026013","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200203000-00013","article-title":"Exposures in the painting trades and paint manufacturing industry and risk of cancer among men and women in Sweden","volume":"44","author":"Brown LM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brown LM, Moradi T, Gridley G, Plato N, Dosemeci M, Fraumeni JF Jr. Exposures in the painting trades and paint manufacturing industry and risk of cancer among men and women in Sweden. J Occup Environ Med. 2002, 44:258-64. 10.1097\/00043764-200203000-00013","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/332485-a-comprehensive-review-of-occupational-medicine-in-the-paint-industry-roles-of-family-medicine-and-internal-medicine","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T01:56:44Z","timestamp":1736128604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/332485-a-comprehensive-review-of-occupational-medicine-in-the-paint-industry-roles-of-family-medicine-and-internal-medicine"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"references-count":60,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.76970","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]}}}