{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:54:44Z","timestamp":1783727684626,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.77017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T18:46:17Z","timestamp":1736189177000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparing Lumbar Spine Cages and Bone Grafts in Spinal Arthrodesis: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Yousef","family":"Almohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abduljabbar","family":"Albduljabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Almosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazan","family":"Alalwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Abdulshakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffal","family":"Alzuwayhiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alenezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Y","family":"Azzam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199806010-00019","article-title":"The Bagby and Kuslich method of lumbar interbody fusion. History, techniques, and 2-year follow-up results of a United States prospective, multicenter trial","volume":"23","author":"Kuslich SD","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuslich SD, Ulstrom CL, Griffith SL, Ahern JW, Dowdle JD. The Bagby and Kuslich method of lumbar interbody fusion. History, techniques, and 2-year follow-up results of a United States prospective, multicenter trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998, 23:1267-78. 10.1097\/00007632-199806010-00019","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12264","article-title":"Advances in spinal interbody cages","volume":"8","author":"Jain S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jain S, Eltorai AE, Ruttiman R, Daniels AH. Advances in spinal interbody cages. Orthop Surg. 2016, 8:278-84. 10.1111\/os.12264","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2006.5.6.534","article-title":"Comparison of polyetheretherketone cages with femoral cortical bone allograft as a single-piece interbody spacer in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"5","author":"Cutler AR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cutler AR, Siddiqui S, Mohan AL, Hillard VH, Cerabona F, Das K. Comparison of polyetheretherketone cages with femoral cortical bone allograft as a single-piece interbody spacer in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 2006, 5:534-9. 10.3171\/spi.2006.5.6.534","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000076841.93570.78","article-title":"Interbody cage devices","volume":"28","author":"Zdeblick TA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zdeblick TA, Phillips FM. Interbody cage devices. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003, 28:2-7. 10.1097\/01.BRS.0000076841.93570.78","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-1021-4","article-title":"Fusion for low-grade adult isthmic spondylolisthesis: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Jacobs WC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobs WC, Vreeling A, De Kleuver M. Fusion for low-grade adult isthmic spondylolisthesis: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 2006, 15:391-402. 10.1007\/s00586-005-1021-4","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1529-9430(03)00004-4","article-title":"Intervertebral cages for degenerative spinal diseases","volume":"3","author":"Blumenthal SL","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blumenthal SL, Ohnmeiss DD. Intervertebral cages for degenerative spinal diseases. Spine J. 2003, 3:301-9. 10.1016\/s1529-9430(03)00004-4","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.006","article-title":"Structural allograft versus polyetheretherketone implants in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Fatima N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fatima N, Massaad E, Shankar GM, Shin JH. Structural allograft versus polyetheretherketone implants in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2020, 136:101-9. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.006","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy322","article-title":"Scientific, clinical, regulatory, and economic aspects of choosing bone graft\/biological options in spine surgery","volume":"84","author":"Smith KA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith KA, Russo GS, Vaccaro AR, Arnold PM. Scientific, clinical, regulatory, and economic aspects of choosing bone graft\/biological options in spine surgery. Neurosurgery. 2019, 84:827-35. 10.1093\/neuros\/nyy322","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.SPINE14257","article-title":"Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 1: introduction and methodology","volume":"21","author":"Kaiser MG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaiser MG, Eck JC, Groff MW, et al.. Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 1: introduction and methodology. J Neurosurg Spine. 2014, 21:2-6. 10.3171\/2014.4.SPINE14257","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3124-4","article-title":"Comparing the early efficacies of autologous bone grafting and interbody fusion cages for treating degenerative lumbar instability in patients of different ages","volume":"40","author":"Zhong HZ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhong HZ, Tian DS, Zhou Y, Jing JH, Qian J, Chen L, Zhu B. Comparing the early efficacies of autologous bone grafting and interbody fusion cages for treating degenerative lumbar instability in patients of different ages. Int Orthop. 2016, 40:1211-8. 10.1007\/s00264-016-3124-4","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Outcomes of a single level TLIF with a local morselized impacted bone transplant versus a cage with a local bone graft","volume":"9","author":"Behera AK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Behera AK, Rohella D, Madhual A, Malla B, Dash PS. Outcomes of a single level TLIF with a local morselized impacted bone transplant versus a cage with a local bone graft. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2022, 9:2932\u20108.","journal-title":"Eur J Mol Clin Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718770","article-title":"Alloplastic or autologous? Bone chips versus PEEK cage for lumbar interbody fusion in degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"82","author":"Koehler S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koehler S, Held C, Stetter C, Westermaier T. Alloplastic or autologous? Bone chips versus PEEK cage for lumbar interbody fusion in degenerative spondylolisthesis. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2021, 82:562-7. 10.1055\/s-0040-1718770","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Comparasion of PLIF combined with different intervertebral fusion methods in the treatment of single-segmental degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis","volume":"13","author":"Zhu K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu K, Zhao R, Xu G, Ye Y, Zhang C. Comparasion of PLIF combined with different intervertebral fusion methods in the treatment of single-segmental degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2020, 13:2914-21.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.01.020","article-title":"Outcomes of autograft alone versus PEEK+ autograft interbody fusion in the treatment of adult lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis","volume":"155","author":"Wang G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang G, Han D, Cao Z, Guan H, Xuan T. Outcomes of autograft alone versus PEEK+ autograft interbody fusion in the treatment of adult lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2017, 155:1-6. 10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.01.020","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1237-y","article-title":"Comparison of the PEEK cage and an autologous cage made from the lumbar spinous process and laminae in posterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"17","author":"Lin B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin B, Yu H, Chen Z, Huang Z, Zhang W. Comparison of the PEEK cage and an autologous cage made from the lumbar spinous process and laminae in posterior lumbar interbody fusion. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016, 17:10.1186\/s12891-016-1237-y","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31829baac1","article-title":"Prospective study of posterior lumbar interbody fusion with either interbody graft or interbody cage in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"28","author":"Sivaraman A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sivaraman A, Altaf F, Jalgaonkar A, Kakkar R, Sirigiri PB, Howieson A, Crawford RJ. Prospective study of posterior lumbar interbody fusion with either interbody graft or interbody cage in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2015, 28:467-71. 10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31829baac1","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0675-2","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of two different interbody fusion methods for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: cage versus morselized impacted bone grafts","volume":"16","author":"Lv C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lv C, Li X, Zhang H, Lv J, Zhang H. Comparative effectiveness of two different interbody fusion methods for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: cage versus morselized impacted bone grafts. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015, 16:10.1186\/s12891-015-0675-2","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-2016-6","article-title":"A comparative study between local bone graft with a cage and with no cage in single posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF): a multicenter study","volume":"134","author":"Liu Z","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Z, Liu J, Tan Y, et al.. A comparative study between local bone graft with a cage and with no cage in single posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF): a multicenter study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014, 134:1051-7. 10.1007\/s00402-014-2016-6","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2664-1","article-title":"Abstracts for the BASS meeting, Norwich 13-15 March 2013","volume":"22","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abstracts for the BASS meeting, Norwich 13-15 March 2013. Eur Spine J. 2013, 22.54-78. 10.1007\/s00586-013-2664-1","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.11.SPINE10281","article-title":"Posterior lumbar interbody fusion versus posterolateral fusion with instrumentation in the treatment of low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis: midterm clinical outcomes","volume":"14","author":"M\u00fcsl\u00fcman AM","year":"2011","unstructured":"M\u00fcsl\u00fcman AM, Y\u0131lmaz A, Cansever T, Cavu\u015fo\u011flu H, Colak I, Gen\u00e7 HA, Ayd\u0131n Y. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion versus posterolateral fusion with instrumentation in the treatment of low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis: midterm clinical outcomes. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011, 14:488-96. 10.3171\/2010.11.SPINE10281","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8237.85308","article-title":"Clinico-radiological profile of indirect neural decompression using cage or auto graft as interbody construct in posterior lumbar interbody fusion in spondylolisthesis: which is better?","volume":"2","author":"Abdul QR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abdul QR, Qayum MS, Saradhi MV, Panigrahi MK, Sreedhar V. Clinico-radiological profile of indirect neural decompression using cage or auto graft as interbody construct in posterior lumbar interbody fusion in spondylolisthesis: which is better?. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2011, 2:12-6. 10.4103\/0974-8237.85308","journal-title":"J Craniovertebr Junction Spine"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Outcome of instrumented lumbar fusion for low grade spondylolisthesis; evaluation of interbody fusion with & without cages","volume":"5","author":"Fathy M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fathy M, Fahmy M, Fakhri M, Aref K, Abdin K, Zidan I. Outcome of instrumented lumbar fusion for low grade spondylolisthesis; evaluation of interbody fusion with & without cages. Asian J Neurosurg. 2010, 5:41-7.","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0511-1","article-title":"Instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion in adult spondylolisthesis","volume":"466","author":"Yu CH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu CH, Wang CT, Chen PQ. Instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion in adult spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008, 466:3034-43. 10.1007\/s11999-008-0511-1","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-1034-z","article-title":"A prospective, randomised controlled trial of femoral ring allograft versus a titanium cage in circumferential lumbar spinal fusion with minimum 2-year clinical results","volume":"14","author":"McKenna PJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"McKenna PJ, Freeman BJ, Mulholland RC, Grevitt MP, Webb JK, Mehdian SH. A prospective, randomised controlled trial of femoral ring allograft versus a titanium cage in circumferential lumbar spinal fusion with minimum 2-year clinical results. Eur Spine J. 2005, 14:727-37. 10.1007\/s00586-005-1034-z","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000107007.31714.77","article-title":"A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial of anterior lumbar interbody fusion using a titanium cylindrical threaded fusion device","volume":"29","author":"Sasso RC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sasso RC, Kitchel SH, Dawson EG. A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial of anterior lumbar interbody fusion using a titanium cylindrical threaded fusion device. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004, 29:113-22. 10.1097\/01.BRS.0000107007.31714.77","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900201000102","article-title":"Comparative study of iliac bone graft and carbon cage with local bone graft in posterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"10","author":"Arai Y","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arai Y, Takahashi M, Kurosawa H, Shitoto K. Comparative study of iliac bone graft and carbon cage with local bone graft in posterior lumbar interbody fusion. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2002, 10:1-7. 10.1177\/230949900201000102","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-785220202806238460","article-title":"Transforaminal intersomatic lumbar arthrodesis: comparison between autograft and cage in PEEK","volume":"28","author":"Sorpreso RS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sorpreso RS, Martins DE, Kanas M, Sorpreso IC, Astur N, Wajchenberg M. Transforaminal intersomatic lumbar arthrodesis: comparison between autograft and cage in PEEK. Acta Ortop Bras. 2020, 28:296-302. 10.1590\/1413-785220202806238460","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200210000-00005","article-title":"Circumferential fusion of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine using a carbon fiber ALIF cage implant versus autogenous bone graft: a comparative study","volume":"15","author":"Zelle B","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zelle B, Konig F, Enderle A, Bertagnoli R, Dorner J. Circumferential fusion of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine using a carbon fiber ALIF cage implant versus autogenous bone graft: a comparative study. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2002, 15:369-76. 10.1097\/00024720-200210000-00005","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199810000-00002","article-title":"Surgical treatment of internal disc disruption: an outcome study of four fusion techniques","volume":"11","author":"Vamvanij V","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vamvanij V, Fredrickson BE, Thorpe JM, Stadnick ME, Yuan HA. Surgical treatment of internal disc disruption: an outcome study of four fusion techniques. J Spinal Disord. 1998, 11:375-82.","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/328592-comparing-lumbar-spine-cages-and-bone-grafts-in-spinal-arthrodesis-a-meta-analysis-of-clinical-outcomes","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T18:46:19Z","timestamp":1736189179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/328592-comparing-lumbar-spine-cages-and-bone-grafts-in-spinal-arthrodesis-a-meta-analysis-of-clinical-outcomes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.77017","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]}}}