{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:17:58Z","timestamp":1790371078046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.77068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T12:41:12Z","timestamp":1736253672000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acute Liver Failure: Is Acetaminophen the Only Culprit?"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Scott D","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason Z","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith Z","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Scalzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.12.051","article-title":"Acute liver failure in children: The first 348 patients in the pediatric acute liver failure study group","volume":"148","author":"Squires RH Jr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Squires RH Jr, Shneider BL, Bucuvalas J, et al.. Acute liver failure in children: The first 348 patients in the pediatric acute liver failure study group. J Pediatr. 2006, 148:652-8. 10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.12.051","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13197","article-title":"OPTN\/SRTR 2013 Annual Data Report: Liver","volume":"15","author":"Kim WR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim WR, Lake JR, Smith JM, et al.. OPTN\/SRTR 2013 Annual Data Report: Liver. Am J Transplant. 2015, 15:1-28. 10.1111\/ajt.13197","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2007.06.006","article-title":"Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity","volume":"11","author":"Larson AM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Larson AM. Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Clin Liver Dis. 2007, 11:525-48. 10.1016\/j.cld.2007.06.006","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2021.1996591","article-title":"Fomepizole as an adjunct in acetylcysteine treated acetaminophen overdose patients: A case series","volume":"60","author":"Link SL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Link SL, Rampon G, Osmon S, Scalzo AJ, Rumack BH. Fomepizole as an adjunct in acetylcysteine treated acetaminophen overdose patients: A case series. Clin Toxicol. 2022, 60:472-7. 10.1080\/15563650.2021.1996591","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24734306.2019.1705596","article-title":"Use of fomepizole as an adjunct in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose: A case series","volume":"4","author":"Rampon G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rampon G, Wartman H, Osmon S, Scalzo A. Use of fomepizole as an adjunct in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose: A case series. Toxicol Commun. 2020, 4:1-4. 10.1080\/24734306.2019.1705596","journal-title":"Toxicol Commun"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.09.005","article-title":"Fomepizole as an adjunctive treatment in severe acetaminophen toxicity","volume":"38","author":"Shah KR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah KR, Beuhler MC. Fomepizole as an adjunctive treatment in severe acetaminophen toxicity. Am J Emerg Med. 2020, 38:410.e5-6. 10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.09.005","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008173430707","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus infection","volume":"343","author":"Cohen JI","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cohen JI. Epstein-Barr virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2000, 343:481-92. 10.1056\/NEJM200008173430707","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064921","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in U.S. children ages 6-19, 2003-2010","volume":"8","author":"Dowd JB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dowd JB, Palermo T, Brite J, McDade TW, Aiello A. Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in U.S. children ages 6-19, 2003-2010. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e64921. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0064921","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"CDC. About Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono). Epstein-Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis. (2024). Accessed: January 4, 2025: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/epstein-barr\/about\/index.html."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199716010-00001","article-title":"Role of viral infections in the induction of adverse drug reactions","volume":"16","author":"Levy M","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levy M. Role of viral infections in the induction of adverse drug reactions. Drug Saf. 1997, 16:1-8. 10.2165\/00002018-199716010-00001","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390903249057","article-title":"Bacterial- and viral-induced inflammation increases sensitivity to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity","volume":"73","author":"Maddox JF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maddox JF, Amuzie CJ, Li M, et al.. Bacterial- and viral-induced inflammation increases sensitivity to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2010, 73:58-73. 10.1080\/15287390903249057","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197706000-00007","article-title":"Acetaminophen and hepatic dysfunction in infectious mononucleosis","volume":"70","author":"Rosenberg DM","year":"1977","unstructured":"Rosenberg DM, Meyer AA, Manning IH Jr, Neelon FA. Acetaminophen and hepatic dysfunction in infectious mononucleosis. South Med J. 1977, 70:660-1. 10.1097\/00007611-197706000-00007","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0399-8320(06)73311-5","article-title":"Influence of acetaminophen at therapeutic doses on surrogate markers of severity of acute viral hepatitis","volume":"30","author":"Yaghi C","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yaghi C, Honein K, Boujaoude J, Slim R, Moucari R, Sayegh R. Influence of acetaminophen at therapeutic doses on surrogate markers of severity of acute viral hepatitis. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2006, 30:763-8. 10.1016\/s0399-8320(06)73311-5","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.189837","article-title":"Complement activation in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice","volume":"341","author":"Singhal R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singhal R, Ganey PE, Roth RA. Complement activation in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012, 341:377-85. 10.1124\/jpet.111.189837","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327118774902","article-title":"4-Methylpyrazole protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice and in primary human hepatocytes","volume":"37","author":"Akakpo JY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akakpo JY, Ramachandran A, Kandel SE, Ni HM, Kumer SC, Rumack BH, Jaeschke H. 4-Methylpyrazole protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice and in primary human hepatocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2018, 37:1310-22. 10.1177\/0960327118774902","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-0644(94)70067-2","article-title":"4-Methylpyrazole blocks acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in the rat","volume":"23","author":"Brennan RJ","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brennan RJ, Mankes RF, Lefevre R, Raccio-Robak N, Baevsky RH, DelVecchio JA, Zink BJ. 4-Methylpyrazole blocks acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in the rat. Ann Emerg Med. 1994, 23:487-94. 10.1016\/s0196-0644(94)70067-2","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079902125000336","article-title":"Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of 4-methylpyrazole and N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"18","author":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckardali Y","year":"2002","unstructured":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckardali Y, Cinan U, Acar HV, et al.. Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of 4-methylpyrazole and N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity in rats. Curr Med Res Opin. 2002, 18:78-81. 10.1185\/030079902125000336","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz077","article-title":"Delayed treatment with 4-methylpyrazole protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice by inhibition of c-Jun n-terminal kinase","volume":"170","author":"Akakpo JY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Akakpo JY, Ramachandran A, Duan L, et al.. Delayed treatment with 4-methylpyrazole protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice by inhibition of c-Jun n-terminal kinase. Toxicol Sci. 2019, 170:57-68. 10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz077","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03211-z","article-title":"Comparing N-acetylcysteine and 4-methylpyrazole as antidotes for acetaminophen overdose","volume":"96","author":"Akakpo JY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akakpo JY, Ramachandran A, Curry SC, Rumack BH, Jaeschke H. Comparing N-acetylcysteine and 4-methylpyrazole as antidotes for acetaminophen overdose. Arch Toxicol. 2022, 96:453-65. 10.1007\/s00204-021-03211-z","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1066507","article-title":"External validation of the paracetamol-aminotransferase multiplication product to predict hepatotoxicity from paracetamol overdose","volume":"53","author":"Wong A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong A, Sivilotti ML, Dargan PI, Wood DM, Greene SL. External validation of the paracetamol-aminotransferase multiplication product to predict hepatotoxicity from paracetamol overdose. Clin Toxicol. 2015, 53:807-14. 10.3109\/15563650.2015.1066507","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/329913-acute-liver-failure-is-acetaminophen-the-only-culprit","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T12:41:15Z","timestamp":1736253675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/329913-acute-liver-failure-is-acetaminophen-the-only-culprit"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.77068","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]}}}