{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:58:08Z","timestamp":1774443488900,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.77608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T09:12:56Z","timestamp":1737191576000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Utility of Non-albumin Proteinuria for the Assessment of the Severity of Tubulointerstitial Inflammation in Lupus Nephritis Patients"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Nur","family":"Jahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Rafiqul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K. M Shahidur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M. Remin","family":"Rafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Shamsuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noureen","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mamun Chowdhury","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20441","article-title":"Predicting outcomes of lupus nephritis with tubulointerstitial inflammation and scarring","volume":"63","author":"Hsieh C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hsieh C, Chang A, Brandt D, Guttikonda R, Utset TO, Clark MR. Predicting outcomes of lupus nephritis with tubulointerstitial inflammation and scarring. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011, 63:865-74. 10.1002\/acr.20441","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00443.x","article-title":"The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited","volume":"65","author":"Weening JJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weening JJ, D'Agati VD, Schwartz MM, et al.. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited. Kidney Int. 2004, 65:521-30. 10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00443.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.13","article-title":"Tubulointerstitial lesions of patients with lupus nephritis classified by the 2003 International Society of Nephrology and Renal Pathology Society system","volume":"77","author":"Yu F","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yu F, Wu LH, Tan Y, et al.. Tubulointerstitial lesions of patients with lupus nephritis classified by the 2003 International Society of Nephrology and Renal Pathology Society system. Kidney Int. 2010, 77:820-9. 10.1038\/ki.2010.13","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa381","article-title":"Lupus nephritis: clinical presentations and outcomes in the 21st century","volume":"59","author":"Gasparotto M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gasparotto M, Gatto M, Binda V, Doria A, Moroni G. Lupus nephritis: clinical presentations and outcomes in the 21st century. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020, 59:v39-51. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa381","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.04.029","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of renal disease in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"117","author":"Mok CC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mok CC, Tang SS. Incidence and predictors of renal disease in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med. 2004, 117:791-5. 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.04.029","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12555","article-title":"Tubulointerstitial lesions in lupus nephritis: international multicentre study in a large cohort of patients with repeat biopsy","volume":"21","author":"Pagni F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pagni F, Galimberti S, Galbiati E, et al.. Tubulointerstitial lesions in lupus nephritis: international multicentre study in a large cohort of patients with repeat biopsy. Nephrology (Carlton). 2016, 21:35-45. 10.1111\/nep.12555","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313507986","article-title":"Interstitial inflammation and long-term renal outcomes in lupus nephritis","volume":"22","author":"Alsuwaida AO","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alsuwaida AO. Interstitial inflammation and long-term renal outcomes in lupus nephritis. Lupus. 2013, 22:1446-54. 10.1177\/0961203313507986","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4256-2","article-title":"Non-albumin proteinuria as a parameter of tubulointerstitial inflammation in lupus nephritis","volume":"38","author":"Kwon OC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kwon OC, Park Y, Lee JS, et al.. Non-albumin proteinuria as a parameter of tubulointerstitial inflammation in lupus nephritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2019, 38:235-41. 10.1007\/s10067-018-4256-2","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001983","article-title":"In situ B cell-mediated immune responses and tubulointerstitial inflammation in human lupus nephritis","volume":"186","author":"Chang A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang A, Henderson SG, Brandt D, et al.. In situ B cell-mediated immune responses and tubulointerstitial inflammation in human lupus nephritis. J Immunol. 2011, 186:1849-60. 10.4049\/jimmunol.1001983","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.191","article-title":"Analysis and classification of B-cell infiltrates in lupus and ANCA-associated nephritis","volume":"74","author":"Steinmetz OM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Steinmetz OM, Velden J, Kneissler U, et al.. Analysis and classification of B-cell infiltrates in lupus and ANCA-associated nephritis. Kidney Int. 2008, 74:448-57. 10.1038\/ki.2008.191","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000354390","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of glomerular disease: a systematic and inclusive approach","volume":"38","author":"Hebert LA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hebert LA, Parikh S, Prosek J, Nadasdy T, Rovin BH. Differential diagnosis of glomerular disease: a systematic and inclusive approach. Am J Nephrol. 2013, 38:253-66. 10.1159\/000354390","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00016.x","article-title":"Glomerular protein sieving and implications for renal failure in Fanconi syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Norden AG","year":"2001","unstructured":"Norden AG, Lapsley M, Lee PJ, et al.. Glomerular protein sieving and implications for renal failure in Fanconi syndrome. Kidney Int. 2001, 60:1885-92. 10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00016.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1381-9","article-title":"Proteinuria and events beyond the slit","volume":"25","author":"Nielsen R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nielsen R, Christensen EI. Proteinuria and events beyond the slit. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010, 25:813-22. 10.1007\/s00467-009-1381-9","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr708","article-title":"The value of simultaneous measurements of urinary albumin and total protein in proteinuric patients","volume":"27","author":"Smith ER","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith ER, Cai MM, McMahon LP, Wright DA, Holt SG. The value of simultaneous measurements of urinary albumin and total protein in proteinuric patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012, 27:1534-41. 10.1093\/ndt\/gfr708","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2012.01003.x","article-title":"Simultaneous measurement of urinary albumin and total protein may facilitate decision-making in HIV-infected patients with proteinuria","volume":"13","author":"Samarawickrama A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Samarawickrama A, Cai M, Smith ER, et al.. Simultaneous measurement of urinary albumin and total protein may facilitate decision-making in HIV-infected patients with proteinuria. HIV Med. 2012, 13:526-32. 10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2012.01003.x","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1975.47","article-title":"Interstitial immune complex nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"7","author":"Brentjens JR","year":"1975","unstructured":"Brentjens JR, Sepulveda M, Baliah T, et al.. Interstitial immune complex nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Kidney Int. 1975, 7:342-50. 10.1038\/ki.1975.47","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90632-4","article-title":"Extraglomerular immunoglobulin deposits in human nephritis","volume":"58(6)","author":"Lehman DH","year":"1975","unstructured":"Lehman DH, Wilson CB, Dixon FJ. Extraglomerular immunoglobulin deposits in human nephritis. The American Journal of Medicine. 1975 , 58(6):765-86. 10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90632-4","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000183123","article-title":"Tubular dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"36","author":"Yeung CK","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yeung CK, Wong KL, Ng RP, Ng WL. Tubular dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nephron. 1984, 36:84-8. 10.1159\/000183123","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1985.00360110066018","article-title":"Tubulointerstitial renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"145","author":"O'Dell JR","year":"1985","unstructured":"O'Dell JR, Hays RC, Guggenheim SJ, Steigerwald JC. Tubulointerstitial renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Intern Med. 1985, 145:1996-9.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcab100.086","article-title":"Non-albumin proteinuria in lupus nephritis with tubulointerstitial inflammation and its clinical significance","volume":"114(Supplement_1)","author":"Okba AM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okba AM, Mahmoud NE, Amin MM, Mamdouh MA. Non-albumin proteinuria in lupus nephritis with tubulointerstitial inflammation and its clinical significance. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2021, 114(Supplement_1):i189. 10.1093\/qjmed\/hcab100.086","journal-title":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40930","article-title":"2019 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"71","author":"Aringer M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, et al.. 2019 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019, 71:1400-12. 10.1002\/art.40930","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20666","article-title":"Early response to immunosuppressive therapy predicts good renal outcome in lupus nephritis: lessons from long-term followup of patients in the Euro-Lupus Nephritis Trial","volume":"50","author":"Houssiau FA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Houssiau FA, Vasconcelos C, D'Cruz D, et al.. Early response to immunosuppressive therapy predicts good renal outcome in lupus nephritis: lessons from long-term followup of patients in the Euro-Lupus Nephritis Trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2004, 50:3934-40. 10.1002\/art.20666","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04909-3","article-title":"Clinicopathological factors for tubulointerstitial injury in lupus nephritis","volume":"39","author":"Lan-Ting H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lan-Ting H, You-Ming C, Li-Xin W, Chen W, Xiao-Yan Z, Hong-Yan H. Clinicopathological factors for tubulointerstitial injury in lupus nephritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2020, 39:1617-26. 10.1007\/s10067-019-04909-3","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.10.017","article-title":"Update on lupus nephritis: core curriculum 2020","volume":"76","author":"Parikh SV","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parikh SV, Almaani S, Brodsky S, Rovin BH. Update on lupus nephritis: core curriculum 2020. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020, 76:265-81. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.10.017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318815768","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in SLE: above and beyond sex hormones","volume":"28","author":"Christou EA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christou EA, Banos A, Kosmara D, Bertsias GK, Boumpas DT. Sexual dimorphism in SLE: above and beyond sex hormones. Lupus. 2019, 28:3-10. 10.1177\/0961203318815768","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/cnp69436","article-title":"Predominant tubulointerstitial nephritis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: phenotype of infiltrating cells","volume":"69","author":"Omokawa A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Omokawa A, Wakui H, Okuyama S, et al.. Predominant tubulointerstitial nephritis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: phenotype of infiltrating cells. Clin Nephrol. 2008, 69:436-44. 10.5414\/cnp69436","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86541-3","article-title":"The ratio and difference of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio and albumin-to-creatinine ratio facilitate risk prediction of all-cause mortality","volume":"11","author":"Chang DR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang DR, Yeh HC, Ting IW, et al.. The ratio and difference of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio and albumin-to-creatinine ratio facilitate risk prediction of all-cause mortality. Sci Rep. 2021, 11:7851. 10.1038\/s41598-021-86541-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/331490-utility-of-non-albumin-proteinuria-for-the-assessment-of-the-severity-of-tubulointerstitial-inflammation-in-lupus-nephritis-patients","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T09:12:58Z","timestamp":1737191578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/331490-utility-of-non-albumin-proteinuria-for-the-assessment-of-the-severity-of-tubulointerstitial-inflammation-in-lupus-nephritis-patients"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.77608","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]}}}