{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T05:21:20Z","timestamp":1738128080448,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.78099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T04:41:27Z","timestamp":1738039287000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Liquid Nitrogen as a Novel Treatment for Gingival Depigmentation: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Kamala K","family":"A","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Sankethguddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27954","article-title":"A comparison between the efficacy of scalpel and laser procedures for treating gingival hyperpigmentation: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Hassan S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hassan S, Dhadse P, Bajaj P, Subhadarsanee C. A comparison between the efficacy of scalpel and laser procedures for treating gingival hyperpigmentation: a case report. Cureus. 2022, 14:e27954. 10.7759\/cureus.27954","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.66144","article-title":"A more aesthetically pleasing smile: a case report on the impact of scalpel technique on gingival depigmentation","volume":"16","author":"Raisoni K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Raisoni K, Reche A, Jangid M, Paul P, Jain A, Agrawal K. A more aesthetically pleasing smile: a case report on the impact of scalpel technique on gingival depigmentation. Cureus. 2024, 16:e66144. 10.7759\/cureus.66144","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.56511","article-title":"A minimally invasive technique for the management of physiologic gingival melanin hyperpigmentation: a case series","volume":"16","author":"S L","year":"2024","unstructured":"S L, Ravindran DM, Muthukumar S, Sk B, Krishnakumar D. A minimally invasive technique for the management of physiologic gingival melanin hyperpigmentation: a case series. Cureus. 2024, 16:e56511. 10.7759\/cureus.56511","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Depigmentation- a review and case report","volume":"9","author":"Mishra M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mishra M, Niswade G, Chandhok J, Bathiya A. Depigmentation- a review and case report. Int J Curr Res. 2017, 9:52571-5.","journal-title":"Int J Curr Res"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Comparison of the electrocautery and liquid nitrogen in the gingival depigmentation - an observational study","volume":"13","author":"Uppu S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uppu S, Gupta R, Busani SK, Betha H, Dande S, Delmade SS. Comparison of the electrocautery and liquid nitrogen in the gingival depigmentation - an observational study. J Pharm Negat Result. 2022, 13:4484-4485.","journal-title":"J Pharm Negat Result"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Treatment of gingival pigmentation with. Er, Cr: YAGG laser","volume":"5","author":"Berk G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berk G, Atici K, Berk N. Treatment of gingival pigmentation with. Er, Cr: YAGG laser. J Oral Laser Applic. 2005, 5:249-53.","journal-title":"J Oral Laser Applic"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Black to pink: clinical evaluation of two different surgical approaches for the treatment of hyperpigmentation","volume":"1","author":"Bhatsange AG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhatsange AG, Japati S. Black to pink: clinical evaluation of two different surgical approaches for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Int J Prosth Rest Dent. 2011, 1:136-9.","journal-title":"Int J Prosth Rest Dent"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Management of gingival hyperpigmentation using surgical blade and diode laser therapy: a comparative study","volume":"9","author":"Lagdivea S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lagdivea S, Doshib Y, Marawarc PP. Management of gingival hyperpigmentation using surgical blade and diode laser therapy: a comparative study. J Oral Laser Applic. 2009, 9:41-7.","journal-title":"J Oral Laser Applic"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.02.059","article-title":"Gingival melanin pigmentation and its treatment with the CO2 laser","volume":"98","author":"Esen E","year":"2004","unstructured":"Esen E, Haytac MC, Oz IA, Erdo\u011fan O, Karsli ED. Gingival melanin pigmentation and its treatment with the CO2 laser. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004, 98:522-7. 10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.02.059","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Management of gingival hyperpigmentation by the surgical scalpel technique - report of three cases","volume":"4","author":"Kanakamedala AK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kanakamedala AK, A G, Ramakrishnan T, P E. Management of gingival hyperpigmentation by the surgical scalpel technique - report of three cases. J Clin and Diag Res. 2010, 4:2341-6.","journal-title":"J Clin and Diag Res"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Anterior esthetic gingival depigmentation and crown lengthening: report of a case","volume":"6","author":"Roshna T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roshna T, Nandakumar K. Anterior esthetic gingival depigmentation and crown lengthening: report of a case. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2005, 6:139-47.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/cap.2011.100007","article-title":"Cryosurgical treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation - a 30-month follow-up case report","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed SK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmed SK, George JP, Prabhuji ML, Lazarus F. Cryosurgical treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation - a 30-month follow-up case report. Clin Adv Periodontics. 2012, 2:73-8. 10.1902\/cap.2011.100007","journal-title":"Clin Adv Periodontics"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Treatment of gingival physiologic pigmentation in adolescents by liquid nitrogen cryosurgery: 24-month follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Shirazi AS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shirazi AS, Moeintaghavi A, Khorakian F, Talebi M. Treatment of gingival physiologic pigmentation in adolescents by liquid nitrogen cryosurgery: 24-month follow-up. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2012, 32:142-6.","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Comparison of recurrent rate of gingival pigmentation after treatment by liquid nitrogen and cryoprob in 18 months follows-up","volume":"11","author":"Sedeh SA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sedeh SA, Badihi S, Esfahaniyan V. Comparison of recurrent rate of gingival pigmentation after treatment by liquid nitrogen and cryoprob in 18 months follows-up. Dent Res J. 2014, 11:592-8.","journal-title":"Dent Res J"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Gingival melanin depigmentation using cryotherapy: a case report","volume":"8(1)","author":"Sanadi RM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanadi RM, Pillai MV, Chawla V. Gingival melanin depigmentation using cryotherapy: a case report. Glob J Res Anal. 2019, 8(1):459-61.","journal-title":"Glob J Res Anal"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1987.tb01525.x","article-title":"Cryosurgical depigmentation of the gingiva. A case report","volume":"14","author":"Tal H","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tal H, Landsberg J, Kozlovsky A. Cryosurgical depigmentation of the gingiva. A case report. J Clin Periodontol. 1987, 14:614-7. 10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1987.tb01525.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.84387","article-title":"Split mouth de-epithelization techniques for gingival depigmentation: a case series and review of literature","volume":"15","author":"Kathariya R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kathariya R, Pradeep AR. Split mouth de-epithelization techniques for gingival depigmentation: a case series and review of literature. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011, 15:161-8. 10.4103\/0972-124X.84387","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.2.315","article-title":"Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation for esthetic purposes by Nd:YAG laser: report of 4 cases","volume":"71","author":"Atsawasuwan P","year":"2000","unstructured":"Atsawasuwan P, Greethong K, Nimmanon V. Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation for esthetic purposes by Nd:YAG laser: report of 4 cases. J Periodontol. 2000, 71:315-21. 10.1902\/jop.2000.71.2.315","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Laser safety in dentistry","volume":"56","author":"Sweeney C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sweeney C. Laser safety in dentistry. Gen Dent. 2008, 56:653-9.","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5131(02)01298-0","article-title":"Er:YAG laser treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation","volume":"1248","author":"Kawashima Y","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kawashima Y, Aoki A, Ishii S, Watanabe H, Ishikawa I. Er:YAG laser treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation. Int Congr Ser. 2003, 1248:245-8.","journal-title":"Int Congr Ser"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Management of gingival hyperpigmentation by surgical abrasion: report of three cases","volume":"18","author":"Mokeem SA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mokeem SA. Management of gingival hyperpigmentation by surgical abrasion: report of three cases. Saudi Dent J. 2006, 18:162-6.","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_438_19","article-title":"Efficacy of liquid nitrogen and electrocautery assisted gingival depigmentation in term of patient's perception, histological wound healing - a randomized triple blind clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"Kamboj S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamboj S, Salaria SK. Efficacy of liquid nitrogen and electrocautery assisted gingival depigmentation in term of patient's perception, histological wound healing - a randomized triple blind clinical trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2020, 24:135-44. 10.4103\/jisp.jisp_438_19","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/291185-liquid-nitrogen-as-a-novel-treatment-for-gingival-depigmentation-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T04:41:31Z","timestamp":1738039291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/291185-liquid-nitrogen-as-a-novel-treatment-for-gingival-depigmentation-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.78099","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]}}}