{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:09:57Z","timestamp":1792670997534,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.78222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T08:20:49Z","timestamp":1738225249000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Reproductive Endocrine Disorders: A Comprehensive Guide to the Diagnosis and Management of Infertility, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Samra","family":"Saleem Azam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheetha","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warda","family":"Saqib Bukhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jainisha","family":"Thadhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Tasneem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ijeoma","family":"Chijioke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Mendes de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maleesha","family":"Bhagyani Weerasinghe Thammitage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jatin","family":"Motwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057132","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and psychological impact of infertility among women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Nik Hazlina NH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nik Hazlina NH, Norhayati MN, Shaiful Bahari I, Nik Muhammad Arif NA. Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and psychological impact of infertility among women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2022, 12:e057132. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057132","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2019.12.008","article-title":"Proven and unproven methods for diagnosis and treatment of infertility","volume":"65","author":"Szamatowicz M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Szamatowicz M, Szamatowicz J. Proven and unproven methods for diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Adv Med Sci. 2020, 65:93-6. 10.1016\/j.advms.2019.12.008","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08583-2","article-title":"The role of endocrine disruptors in female infertility","volume":"50","author":"Silva AB","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silva AB, Carreir\u00f3 F, Ramos F, Sanches-Silva A. The role of endocrine disruptors in female infertility. Mol Biol Rep. 2023, 50:7069-88. 10.1007\/s11033-023-08583-2","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-023-00479-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology and nutritional approaches in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review","volume":"12","author":"Di Lorenzo M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Di Lorenzo M, Cacciapuoti N, Lonardo MS, et al.. Pathophysiology and nutritional approaches in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review. Curr Nutr Rep. 2023, 12:527-44. 10.1007\/s13668-023-00479-8","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061113","article-title":"Current guidelines for diagnosing PCOS","volume":"13","author":"Christ JP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Christ JP, Cedars MI. Current guidelines for diagnosing PCOS. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023, 13:10.3390\/diagnostics13061113","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa839","article-title":"Update on PCOS: consequences, challenges, and guiding treatment","volume":"106","author":"Hoeger KM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoeger KM, Dokras A, Piltonen T. Update on PCOS: consequences, challenges, and guiding treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021, 106:e1071-83. 10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa839","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02625-7","article-title":"A brief insight into the etiology, genetics, and immunology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"39","author":"Siddiqui S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siddiqui S, Mateen S, Ahmad R, Moin S. A brief insight into the etiology, genetics, and immunology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). J Assist Reprod Genet. 2022, 39:2439-73. 10.1007\/s10815-022-02625-7","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020583","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, management, and drug repurposing","volume":"23","author":"Sadeghi HM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadeghi HM, Adeli I, Calina D, et al.. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, management, and drug repurposing. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, 23:10.3390\/ijms23020583","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa439","article-title":"Fertility and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome following bariatric surgery","volume":"105","author":"Benito E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benito E, G\u00f3mez-Martin JM, Vega-Pi\u00f1ero B, Priego P, Galindo J, Escobar-Morreale HF, Botella-Carretero JI. Fertility and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome following bariatric surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020, 105:10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa439","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070750","article-title":"Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of endometriosis","volume":"379","author":"Horne AW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Horne AW, Missmer SA. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of endometriosis. BMJ. 2022, 379:e070750. 10.1136\/bmj-2022-070750","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054254","article-title":"The main theories on the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"24","author":"Lamceva J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lamceva J, Uljanovs R, Strumfa I. The main theories on the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:10.3390\/ijms24054254","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00242","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"40","author":"Bulun SE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bulun SE, Yilmaz BD, Sison C, et al.. Endometriosis. Endocr Rev. 2019, 40:1048-79. 10.1210\/er.2018-00242","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1020827","article-title":"Endometriosis-associated infertility: from pathophysiology to tailored treatment","volume":"13","author":"Bonavina G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonavina G, Taylor HS. Endometriosis-associated infertility: from pathophysiology to tailored treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022, 13:1020827. 10.3389\/fendo.2022.1020827","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116725","article-title":"New understanding of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of endometriosis","volume":"19","author":"Amro B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amro B, Ramirez Aristondo ME, Alsuwaidi S, et al.. New understanding of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of endometriosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022, 19:10.3390\/ijerph19116725","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00279-3","article-title":"Environment, lifestyle, and female infertility","volume":"28","author":"Bala R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bala R, Singh V, Rajender S, Singh K. Environment, lifestyle, and female infertility. Reprod Sci. 2021, 28:617-38. 10.1007\/s43032-020-00279-3","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247486","article-title":"Impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on quality of life of women in correlation to age, basal metabolic index, education and marriage","volume":"16","author":"Tabassum F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tabassum F, Jyoti C, Sinha HH, Dhar K, Akhtar MS. Impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on quality of life of women in correlation to age, basal metabolic index, education and marriage. PLoS One. 2021, 16:e0247486. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0247486","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01874-z","article-title":"Chlamydia infection, PID, and infertility: further evidence from a case-control study in China","volume":"22","author":"Liu L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu L, Li C, Sun X, et al.. Chlamydia infection, PID, and infertility: further evidence from a case-control study in China. BMC Womens Health. 2022, 22:294. 10.1186\/s12905-022-01874-z","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.111756","article-title":"Chlamydia: the female reproductive system and infertility","author":"\u00d6zdemir-Karaba\u011f A\u00d6","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir-Karaba\u011f A\u00d6. Chlamydia: the female reproductive system and infertility. Chlamydia - Secret Enemy From Past to Present. IntechOpen, 2023. 10.5772\/intechopen.111756"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030978","article-title":"Endometriosis: update of pathophysiology, (Epi) genetic and environmental involvement","volume":"11","author":"Monnin N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Monnin N, Fattet AJ, Koscinski I. Endometriosis: update of pathophysiology, (Epi) genetic and environmental involvement. Biomedicines. 2023, 11:10.3390\/biomedicines11030978","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43043-021-00082-3","article-title":"Impact of endometriosis on female fertility and the management options for endometriosis-related infertility in reproductive age women: a scoping review with recent evidence","volume":"26","author":"Vatsa R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vatsa R, Sethi A. Impact of endometriosis on female fertility and the management options for endometriosis-related infertility in reproductive age women: a scoping review with recent evidence. Middle East Fertil So J. 2021, 26:36. 10.1186\/s43043-021-00082-3","journal-title":"Middle East Fertil So J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab116","article-title":"A review of the challenges and complexities in the diagnosis, etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"224","author":"Hillier SL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hillier SL, Bernstein KT, Aral S. A review of the challenges and complexities in the diagnosis, etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory disease. J Infect Dis. 2021, 224:S23-8. 10.1093\/infdis\/jiab116","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.101921","article-title":"Pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome","author":"Manu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Manu, Soni T, Victoria, et al.. Pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Functional Investigation and Clinical Application. IntechOpen, 2022. 10.5772\/intechopen.101921"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-00078","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment with emphasis on adolescent girls","volume":"3","author":"Witchel SF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Witchel SF, Oberfield SE, Pe\u00f1a AS. Polycystic ovary syndrome: pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment with emphasis on adolescent girls. J Endocr Soc. 2019, 3:1545-73. 10.1210\/js.2019-00078","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087503","article-title":"A lifelong impact on endometriosis: pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment","volume":"24","author":"Chen LH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen LH, Lo WC, Huang HY, Wu HM. A lifelong impact on endometriosis: pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:10.3390\/ijms24087503","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.11.025","article-title":"Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion","volume":"113","year":"2020","unstructured":"Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2020, 113:533-5. 10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.11.025","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001521","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA\/ASRM guideline part I","volume":"205","author":"Schlegel PN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al.. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA\/ASRM guideline part I. J Urol. 2021, 205:36-43. 10.1097\/JU.0000000000001521","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012","article-title":"Fertility and infertility: definition and epidemiology","volume":"62","author":"Vander Borght M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vander Borght M, Wyns C. Fertility and infertility: definition and epidemiology. Clin Biochem. 2018, 62:2-10. 10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003271","article-title":"Infertility workup for the women's health specialist: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 781","volume":"133","year":"2019","unstructured":"Infertility workup for the women's health specialist. ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 781. Obstet Gynecol. 2019, 133:e377-84. 10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003271","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw025","article-title":"The management of anovulatory infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an analysis of the evidence to support the development of global WHO guidance","volume":"22","author":"Balen AH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balen AH, Morley LC, Misso M, et al.. The management of anovulatory infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an analysis of the evidence to support the development of global WHO guidance. Hum Reprod Update. 2016, 22:687-708. 10.1093\/humupd\/dmw025","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0178","article-title":"Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline","volume":"91","author":"Azziz R","year":"2006","unstructured":"Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al.. Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006, 91:4237-45. 10.1210\/jc.2006-0178","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032046","article-title":"The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population","volume":"89","author":"Azziz R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89:2745-9. 10.1210\/jc.2003-032046","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.9.5090","article-title":"Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study","volume":"83","author":"Knochenhauer ES","year":"1998","unstructured":"Knochenhauer ES, Key TJ, Kahsar-Miller M, Waggoner W, Boots LR, Azziz R. Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998, 83:3078-82. 10.1210\/jcem.83.9.5090","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmg044","article-title":"Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary: international consensus definitions","volume":"9","author":"Balen AH","year":"2003","unstructured":"Balen AH, Laven JS, Tan SL, Dewailly D. Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary: international consensus definitions. Hum Reprod Update. 2003, 9:505-14. 10.1093\/humupd\/dmg044","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3181db7ce8","article-title":"Invasive and noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of endometriosis","volume":"53","author":"Hsu AL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hsu AL, Khachikyan I, Stratton P. Invasive and noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2010, 53:413-9. 10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3181db7ce8","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-3804(05)80775-3","article-title":"Comparison of transvaginal sonography and bimanual pelvic examination in patients with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis","volume":"1","author":"Nezhat C","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nezhat C, Santolaya J, Nezhat FR. Comparison of transvaginal sonography and bimanual pelvic examination in patients with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1994, 1:127-30. 10.1016\/s1074-3804(05)80775-3","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34589-3","article-title":"Endometriosis: diagnosis and management","volume":"32","author":"Leyland N","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leyland N, Casper R, Laberge P, Singh SS. Endometriosis: diagnosis and management. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2010, 32:S1-32.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoac009","article-title":"ESHRE guideline: endometriosis","volume":"2022","author":"Becker CM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Becker CM, Bokor A, Heikinheimo O, et al.. ESHRE guideline: endometriosis. Hum Reprod Open. 2022, 2022:hoac009. 10.1093\/hropen\/hoac009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez116","article-title":"Plasma miRNAs as biomarkers for endometriosis","volume":"34","author":"Vanhie A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vanhie A, O D, Peterse D, et al.. Plasma miRNAs as biomarkers for endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2019, 34:1650-60. 10.1093\/humrep\/dez116","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00433.x","article-title":"Accuracy of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of endometriosis: a systematic quantitative review","volume":"111","author":"Wykes CB","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wykes CB, Clark TJ, Khan KS. Accuracy of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of endometriosis: a systematic quantitative review. BJOG. 2004, 111:1204-12. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00433.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad463","article-title":"Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Teede HJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJ, et al.. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023, 108:2447-69. 10.1210\/clinem\/dgad463","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1777116","article-title":"Diet and exercise in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: practical considerations for person-centered care","volume":"41","author":"Colombo GE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Colombo GE, Pirotta S, Sabag A. Diet and exercise in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: practical considerations for person-centered care. Semin Reprod Med. 2023, 41:26-36. 10.1055\/s-0043-1777116","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.011","article-title":"Influence of metabolic syndrome on female fertility and in\u00a0vitro fertilization outcomes in PCOS women","volume":"221","author":"He Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"He Y, Lu Y, Zhu Q, et al.. Influence of metabolic syndrome on female fertility and in\u00a0vitro fertilization outcomes in PCOS women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019, 221:138.e1-138.e12. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.735954","article-title":"Dietary modification for reproductive health in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Shang Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shang Y, Zhou H, He R, Lu W. Dietary modification for reproductive health in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021, 12:735954. 10.3389\/fendo.2021.735954","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.220637","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of endometriosis","volume":"195","author":"Allaire C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Allaire C, Bedaiwy MA, Yong PJ. Diagnosis and management of endometriosis. CMAJ. 2023, 195:E363-71. 10.1503\/cmaj.220637","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046603","article-title":"Yoga, cognitive-behavioural therapy versus education to improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs in people with endometriosis: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Mikocka-Walus A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mikocka-Walus A, Druitt M, O'Shea M, et al.. Yoga, cognitive-behavioural therapy versus education to improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs in people with endometriosis: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2021, 11:e046603. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046603","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22365\/jpsych.2021.029","article-title":"Stress management and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Koumparou M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koumparou M, Bakas P, Pantos K, Economou M, Chrousos G. Stress management and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychiatriki. 2021, 32:290-9. 10.22365\/jpsych.2021.029","journal-title":"Psychiatriki"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03426-3","article-title":"Association between physical activity and infertility: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Xie F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie F, You Y, Guan C, Gu Y, Yao F, Xu J. Association between physical activity and infertility: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Transl Med. 2022, 20:237. 10.1186\/s12967-022-03426-3","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4788","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of infertility: a review","volume":"326","author":"Carson SA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carson SA, Kallen AN. Diagnosis and management of infertility: a review. JAMA. 2021, 326:65-76. 10.1001\/jama.2021.4788","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.532692","article-title":"Letrozole versus clomiphene citrate and natural cycle: endometrial receptivity during implantation window in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Wang L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang L, Lv S, Li F, Bai E, Yang X. Letrozole versus clomiphene citrate and natural cycle: endometrial receptivity during implantation window in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020, 11:532692. 10.3389\/fendo.2020.532692","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018383","article-title":"Letrozole and human menopausal gonadotropin for ovulation induction in clomiphene resistance polycystic ovary syndrome patients: a randomized controlled study","volume":"99","author":"Shi S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi S, Hong T, Jiang F, Zhuang Y, Chen L, Huang X. Letrozole and human menopausal gonadotropin for ovulation induction in clomiphene resistance polycystic ovary syndrome patients: a randomized controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020, 99:e18383. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000018383","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013505","article-title":"Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Sharpe A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharpe A, Morley LC, Tang T, Norman RJ, Balen AH. Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019, 12:CD013505. 10.1002\/14651858.CD013505","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad465","article-title":"Metformin and combined oral contraceptive pills in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Melin J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Melin J, Forslund M, Alesi S, et al.. Metformin and combined oral contraceptive pills in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024, 109:e817-36. 10.1210\/clinem\/dgad465","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14983","article-title":"Effects of different insulin sensitisers in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Melin JM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Melin JM, Forslund M, Alesi SJ, et al.. Effects of different insulin sensitisers in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2024, 100:149-63. 10.1111\/cen.14983","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3fo02824k","article-title":"Efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in improving endocrine, hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic statuses of PCOS: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"15","author":"He J","year":"2024","unstructured":"He J, Deng R, Wei Y, et al.. Efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in improving endocrine, hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic statuses of PCOS: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Food Funct. 2024, 15:1779-802. 10.1039\/d3fo02824k","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01545-5","article-title":"Treatment of endometriosis: a review with comparison of 8 guidelines","volume":"21","author":"Kalaitzopoulos DR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kalaitzopoulos DR, Samartzis N, Kolovos GN, et al.. Treatment of endometriosis: a review with comparison of 8 guidelines. BMC Womens Health. 2021, 21:397. 10.1186\/s12905-021-01545-5","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700089","article-title":"Treatment of endometriosis-associated pain with elagolix, an oral GnRH antagonist","volume":"377","author":"Taylor HS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taylor HS, Giudice LC, Lessey BA, et al.. Treatment of endometriosis-associated pain with elagolix, an oral GnRH antagonist. N Engl J Med. 2017, 377:28-40. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1700089","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2021.729601","article-title":"Medical treatment for endometriosis: tolerability, quality of life and adherence","volume":"2","author":"Barbara G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barbara G, Buggio L, Facchin F, Vercellini P. Medical treatment for endometriosis: tolerability, quality of life and adherence. Front Glob Womens Health. 2021, 2:729601. 10.3389\/fgwh.2021.729601","journal-title":"Front Glob Womens Health"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041178","article-title":"Nutrition in gynecological diseases: current perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Ciebiera M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ciebiera M, Esfandyari S, Siblini H, et al.. Nutrition in gynecological diseases: current perspectives. Nutrients. 2021, 13:10.3390\/nu13041178","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.715","article-title":"Improvement of primary dysmenorrhea caused by a single oral dose of vitamin D: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"172","author":"Lasco A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lasco A, Catalano A, Benvenga S. Improvement of primary dysmenorrhea caused by a single oral dose of vitamin D: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2012, 172:366-7. 10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.715","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03736-2","article-title":"Role of suppression of endometriosis with progestins before IVF-ET: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Khalifa E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khalifa E, Mohammad H, Abdullah A, Abdel-Rasheed M, Khairy M, Hosni M. Role of suppression of endometriosis with progestins before IVF-ET: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021, 21:264. 10.1186\/s12884-021-03736-2","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-1809132732","article-title":"Male and female infertility: causes, and management","author":"Mustafa M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mustafa M, Hadi J, Iiizam E, Sani A. Male and female infertility: causes, and management. IOSR J. 2019, 27-32. 10.9790\/0853-1809132732","journal-title":"IOSR J"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2019.1603289","article-title":"State of the art and emerging drug therapies for female infertility","volume":"35","author":"Venturella R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Venturella R, Vaiarelli A, Cimadomo D, et al.. State of the art and emerging drug therapies for female infertility. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019, 35:835-41. 10.1080\/09513590.2019.1603289","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22074\/ijfs.2020.5608","article-title":"Medical and surgical treatment of reproductive outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"13","author":"Gadalla MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gadalla MA, Norman RJ, Tay CT, et al.. Medical and surgical treatment of reproductive outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome: an overview of systematic reviews. Int J Fertil Steril. 2020, 13:257-70. 10.22074\/ijfs.2020.5608","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-606X.21.04737-7","article-title":"Role of surgical treatment in endometriosis","volume":"73","author":"D'Alterio MN","year":"2021","unstructured":"D'Alterio MN, Saponara S, D'Ancona G, et al.. Role of surgical treatment in endometriosis. Minerva Obstet Gynecol. 2021, 73:317-32. 10.23736\/S2724-606X.21.04737-7","journal-title":"Minerva Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.745548","article-title":"Pathogenesis based diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis","volume":"12","author":"Koninckx PR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koninckx PR, Fernandes R, Ussia A, et al.. Pathogenesis based diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021, 12:745548. 10.3389\/fendo.2021.745548","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2020.08.015","article-title":"Surgical outcomes after colorectal surgery for endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Bendifallah S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bendifallah S, Puchar A, Vesale E, Moawad G, Dara\u00ef E, Roman H. Surgical outcomes after colorectal surgery for endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2021, 28:453-66. 10.1016\/j.jmig.2020.08.015","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2019.08.004","article-title":"Surgical outcomes in patients with endometriosis: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Singh SS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh SS, Gude K, Perdeaux E, Gattrell WT, Becker CM. Surgical outcomes in patients with endometriosis: a systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2020, 42:881-888.e11. 10.1016\/j.jogc.2019.08.004","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13762","article-title":"Laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis and predictors of major complications: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"99","author":"Clark NV","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clark NV, Dmello M, Griffith KC, Gu X, Ajao MO, Cohen SL, Einarsson JI. Laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis and predictors of major complications: a retrospective cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020, 99:317-23. 10.1111\/aogs.13762","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.5.1243","article-title":"Pregnancy rates after in-vitro fertilization in cases of tubal infertility with and without hydrosalpinx: a meta-analysis of published comparative studies","volume":"14","author":"Camus E","year":"1999","unstructured":"Camus E, Poncelet C, Goffinet F, Wainer B, Merlet F, Nisand I, Philippe HJ. Pregnancy rates after in-vitro fertilization in cases of tubal infertility with and without hydrosalpinx: a meta-analysis of published comparative studies. Hum Reprod. 1999, 14:1243-9. 10.1093\/humrep\/14.5.1243","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems","author":"National Collaborating Centre for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health (UK)","year":"2013","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health (UK). Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems. Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists, 2013."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/318310-reproductive-endocrine-disorders-a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-infertility-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-and-endometriosis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T08:20:54Z","timestamp":1738225254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/318310-reproductive-endocrine-disorders-a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-infertility-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-and-endometriosis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"references-count":70,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.78222","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]}}}