{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:03:18Z","timestamp":1789124598625,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.78640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T22:49:01Z","timestamp":1738882141000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Case of Myasthenia Gravis: A Paraneoplastic Syndrome or an Immune-Related Disorder?"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jaya S","family":"Thyagarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad H","family":"Almomani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithisha","family":"Thatikonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chilvana","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2020-0145","article-title":"The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis","volume":"14","author":"Bubuioc AM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bubuioc AM, Kudebayeva A, Turuspekova S, Lisnic V, Leone MA. The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis. J Med Life. 2021, 14:7-16. 10.25122\/jml-2020-0145","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.13889","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis related to small cell lung carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"L\u00f3pez-Vi\u00f1as L","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Vi\u00f1as L, Roc\u00edo-Mart\u00edn E, Delis-G\u00f3mez S, Wix-Ramos R. Myasthenia gravis related to small cell lung carcinoma. Cureus. 2021, 13:e13889. 10.7759\/cureus.13889","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02311-8","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis associated with renal cell carcinoma: a paraneoplastic syndrome or just a coincidence","volume":"21","author":"Zheng Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Luo J, Jin H, Liu R, Hao H, Gao F. Myasthenia gravis associated with renal cell carcinoma: a paraneoplastic syndrome or just a coincidence. BMC Neurol. 2021, 21:277. 10.1186\/s12883-021-02311-8","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.6.885","article-title":"Anti-titin antibodies in myasthenia gravis: tight association with thymoma and heterogeneity of nonthymoma patients","volume":"58","author":"Yamamoto AM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yamamoto AM, Gajdos P, Eymard B, et al.. Anti-titin antibodies in myasthenia gravis: tight association with thymoma and heterogeneity of nonthymoma patients. Arch Neurol. 2001, 58:885-90. 10.1001\/archneur.58.6.885","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010130","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: an emerging neurotoxicity in neuro-oncology practice: case series","volume":"12","author":"Marco C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marco C, Sim\u00f3 M, Alemany M, et al.. Myasthenia gravis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: an emerging neurotoxicity in neuro-oncology practice: case series. J Clin Med. 2022, 12:130. 10.3390\/jcm12010130","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666201230151224","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors and neurotoxicity","volume":"19","author":"Zhao Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Zhang C, Zhou L, Dong P, Shi L. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and neurotoxicity. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021, 19:1246-63. 10.2174\/1570159X19666201230151224","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29050247","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy","volume":"29","author":"Shiravand Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shiravand Y, Khodadadi F, Kashani SM, et al.. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. Curr Oncol. 2022, 29:3044-60. 10.3390\/curroncol29050247","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.596981","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: autoantibody specificities and their role in MG management","volume":"11","author":"Lazaridis K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lazaridis K, Tzartos SJ. Myasthenia gravis: autoantibody specificities and their role in MG management. Front Neurol. 2020, 11:596981. 10.3389\/fneur.2020.596981","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.59.1.92","article-title":"The occurrence of anti-titin antibodies and thymomas: a population survey of MG 1970-1999","volume":"59","author":"Somnier FE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Somnier FE, Engel PJ. The occurrence of anti-titin antibodies and thymomas: a population survey of MG 1970-1999. Neurology. 2002, 59:92-8. 10.1212\/wnl.59.1.92","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.978997","article-title":"Anti-titin antibody is associated with more frequent hospitalization to manage thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis","volume":"13","author":"Kim KH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim KH, Kim SW, Cho J, Chung HY, Shin HY. Anti-titin antibody is associated with more frequent hospitalization to manage thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis. Front Neurol. 2022, 13:978997. 10.3389\/fneur.2022.978997","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.8772-21","article-title":"Nivolumab-induced myositis and myocarditis with positive anti-titin antibody and anti-voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.4 antibody","volume":"61","author":"Ono R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ono R, Iwai Y, Yamazaki T, Takahashi H, Hori Y, Fukushima K, Saotome T. Nivolumab-induced myositis and myocarditis with positive anti-titin antibody and anti-voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.4 antibody. Intern Med. 2022, 61:2973-9. 10.2169\/internalmedicine.8772-21","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2539493","article-title":"Severe myositis, myocarditis, and myasthenia gravis with elevated anti-striated muscle antibody following single dose of ipilimumab-nivolumab therapy in a patient with metastatic melanoma","volume":"2019","author":"Fazel M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fazel M, Jedlowski PM. Severe myositis, myocarditis, and myasthenia gravis with elevated anti-striated muscle antibody following single dose of ipilimumab-nivolumab therapy in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Case Reports Immunol. 2019, 2019:2539493. 10.1155\/2019\/2539493","journal-title":"Case Reports Immunol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41730-z","article-title":"Cytometric cell-based assays for anti-striational antibodies in myasthenia gravis with myositis and\/or myocarditis","volume":"9","author":"Kufukihara K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kufukihara K, Watanabe Y, Inagaki T, et al.. Cytometric cell-based assays for anti-striational antibodies in myasthenia gravis with myositis and\/or myocarditis. Sci Rep. 2019, 9:5284. 10.1038\/s41598-019-41730-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2242","article-title":"A systematic review of myasthenia gravis complicated with myocarditis","volume":"11","author":"Cheng W","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng W, Sun T, Liu C, et al.. A systematic review of myasthenia gravis complicated with myocarditis. Brain Behav. 2021, 11:e2242. 10.1002\/brb3.2242","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00634","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myasthenia gravis","volume":"11","author":"Huang YT","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang YT, Chen YP, Lin WC, Su WC, Sun YT. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myasthenia gravis. Front Neurol. 2020, 11:634. 10.3389\/fneur.2020.00634","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.15174","article-title":"Pembrolizumab-associated seronegative myasthenia gravis in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Pandya SK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pandya SK, Ulrickson M, Dong J, Willen R, Pandya A. Pembrolizumab-associated seronegative myasthenia gravis in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cureus. 2021, 13:e15174. 10.7759\/cureus.15174","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2023.06.015","article-title":"Incidence and clinical relevance of paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with renal cell carcinoma","volume":"41","author":"Moldovan T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moldovan T, Boynton D, Kuperus J, et al.. Incidence and clinical relevance of paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol. 2023, 41:392.e11-7. 10.1016\/j.urolonc.2023.06.015","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis improvement in a patient receiving sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Lee JSZ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee JSZ, Samman R, Cockerell OC, Fife K, Eisen T. Myasthenia gravis improvement in a patient receiving sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Grand Rounds. 2010, 10:42-5.","journal-title":"Grand Rounds"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2019.101105","article-title":"A case report of nivolumab-induced myasthenia gravis and myositis in a metastatic renal cell carcinoma patient","volume":"29","author":"Nakanishi S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakanishi S, Nishida S, Miyazato M, Goya M, Saito S. A case report of nivolumab-induced myasthenia gravis and myositis in a metastatic renal cell carcinoma patient. Urol Case Rep. 2020, 29:101105. 10.1016\/j.eucr.2019.101105","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.001","article-title":"Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Haanen J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haanen J, Obeid M, Spain L, et al.. Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2022, 33:1217-38. 10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.001","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/311420-a-case-of-myasthenia-gravis-a-paraneoplastic-syndrome-or-an-immune-related-disorder","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T22:49:02Z","timestamp":1738882142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/311420-a-case-of-myasthenia-gravis-a-paraneoplastic-syndrome-or-an-immune-related-disorder"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.78640","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]}}}