{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:56:41Z","timestamp":1778817401280,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.78800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T07:43:16Z","timestamp":1739173396000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Overview of the Genetic Mechanisms of Colistin-Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens: An Indian Perspective"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Kajal S","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kailas","family":"Datkhile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satyajeet","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1077192","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a global emerging threat to public health systems","volume":"57","author":"Ferri M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferri M, Ranucci E, Romagnoli P, Giaccone V. Antimicrobial resistance: a global emerging threat to public health systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017, 57:2857-76. 10.1080\/10408398.2015.1077192","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w12123313","article-title":"Antimicrobials and antibiotic-resistant bacteria: a risk to the environment and to public health","volume":"25","author":"Serweci\u0144ska L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serweci\u0144ska L. Antimicrobials and antibiotic-resistant bacteria: a risk to the environment and to public health. Water. 2020, 25:3313. 10.3390\/w12123313","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20160063","article-title":"Intrinsic, adaptive and acquired antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"61","author":"Arzanlou M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arzanlou M, Chai WC, Venter H. Intrinsic, adaptive and acquired antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Essays Biochem. 2017, 61:49-59. 10.1042\/EBC20160063","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007763","article-title":"On the evolutionary ecology of multidrug resistance in bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Lehtinen S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lehtinen S, Blanquart F, Lipsitch M, Fraser C. On the evolutionary ecology of multidrug resistance in bacteria. PLoS Pathog. 2019, 15:e1007763. 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007763","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081079","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in bacteria-a review","volume":"11","author":"Urban-Chmiel R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Urban-Chmiel R, Marek A, St\u0119pie\u0144-Py\u015bniak D, Wieczorek K, Dec M, Nowaczek A, Osek J. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria-a review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022, 11:1079. 10.3390\/antibiotics11081079","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00408","article-title":"Outer membrane proteins and efflux pumps mediated multi-drug resistance in Salmonella: rising threat to antimicrobial therapy","volume":"9","author":"Akshay SD","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akshay SD, Deekshit VK, Mohan Raj J, Maiti B. Outer membrane proteins and efflux pumps mediated multi-drug resistance in Salmonella: rising threat to antimicrobial therapy. ACS Infect Dis. 2023, 9:2072-92. 10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00408","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160461","article-title":"Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents: mechanisms, control strategies, and implications for global health","volume":"860","author":"Li T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li T, Wang Z, Guo J, et al.. Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents: mechanisms, control strategies, and implications for global health. Sci Total Environ. 2023, 860:160461. 10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160461","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.78","article-title":"Colistin: an update on the antibiotic of the 21st century","volume":"10","author":"Biswas S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Biswas S, Brunel JM, Dubus JC, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Rolain JM. Colistin: an update on the antibiotic of the 21st century. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2012, 10:917-34. 10.1586\/eri.12.78","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03734.x","article-title":"Colistin: new lessons on an old antibiotic","volume":"18","author":"Yahav D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yahav D, Farbman L, Leibovici L, Paul M. Colistin: new lessons on an old antibiotic. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012, 18:18-29. 10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03734.x","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5b00097","article-title":"Permeability barrier of Gram-negative cell envelopes and approaches to bypass it","volume":"1","author":"Zgurskaya HI","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zgurskaya HI, L\u00f6pez CA, Gnanakaran S. Permeability barrier of Gram-negative cell envelopes and approaches to bypass it. ACS Infect Dis. 2015, 1:512-22. 10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5b00097","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111716","article-title":"Colistin update on its mechanism of action and resistance, present and future challenges","volume":"8","author":"Andrade FF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andrade FF, Silva D, Rodrigues A, Pina-Vaz C. Colistin update on its mechanism of action and resistance, present and future challenges. Microorganisms. 2020, 8:1716. 10.3390\/microorganisms8111716","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.016","article-title":"Colistin use and colistin resistance in bacteria from animals","volume":"48","author":"Kempf I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kempf I, Jouy E, Chauvin C. Colistin use and colistin resistance in bacteria from animals. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016, 48:598-606. 10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14961","article-title":"Farm animals and aquaculture: significant reservoirs of mobile colistin resistance genes","volume":"22","author":"Shen Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen Y, Zhang R, Schwarz S, Wu C, Shen J, Walsh TR, Wang Y. Farm animals and aquaculture: significant reservoirs of mobile colistin resistance genes. Environ Microbiol. 2020, 22:2469-84. 10.1111\/1462-2920.14961","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw274","article-title":"Transferable resistance to colistin: a new but old threat","volume":"71","author":"Schwarz S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwarz S, Johnson AP. Transferable resistance to colistin: a new but old threat. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016, 71:2066-70. 10.1093\/jac\/dkw274","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.677720","article-title":"Current update on intrinsic and acquired colistin resistance mechanisms in bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Gogry FA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gogry FA, Siddiqui MT, Sultan I, Haq QM. Current update on intrinsic and acquired colistin resistance mechanisms in bacteria. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021, 8:677720. 10.3389\/fmed.2021.677720","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040772","article-title":"A review on colistin resistance: an antibiotic of last resort","volume":"12","author":"Mondal AH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mondal AH, Khare K, Saxena P, Debnath P, Mukhopadhyay K, Yadav D. A review on colistin resistance: an antibiotic of last resort. Microorganisms. 2024, 12:772. 10.3390\/microorganisms12040772","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06307-y","article-title":"Mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes from 1 to 10: a comprehensive review","volume":"48","author":"Hussein NH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussein NH, Al-Kadmy IM, Taha BM, Hussein JD. Mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes from 1 to 10: a comprehensive review. Mol Biol Rep. 2021, 48:2897-907. 10.1007\/s11033-021-06307-y","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac083","article-title":"A 12 year experience of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing neonatal sepsis: two-component systems, efflux pumps, lipopolysaccharide modification and comparative phylogenomics","volume":"77","author":"Naha S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naha S, Sands K, Mukherjee S, Dutta S, Basu S. A 12 year experience of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing neonatal sepsis: two-component systems, efflux pumps, lipopolysaccharide modification and comparative phylogenomics. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022, 77:1586-91. 10.1093\/jac\/dkac083","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02135","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing bacteremia from India\u2014a first report","volume":"7","author":"Pragasam AK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pragasam AK, Shankar C, Veeraraghavan B, et al.. Molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing bacteremia from India\u2014a first report. Front Microbiol. 2016, 7:2135. 10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02135","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000103","article-title":"First hybrid complete genome of Aeromonas veronii reveals chromosome-mediated novel structural variant mcr-3.30 from a human clinical sample","volume":"2","author":"Ragupathi NK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ragupathi NK, Sethuvel DP, Anandan S, et al.. First hybrid complete genome of Aeromonas veronii reveals chromosome-mediated novel structural variant mcr-3.30 from a human clinical sample. Access Microbiol. 2020, 2:acmi000103. 10.1099\/acmi.0.000103","journal-title":"Access Microbiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02511-23","article-title":"Genomic investigation unveils colistin resistance mechanism in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates","volume":"12","author":"Vijayakumar S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vijayakumar S, Swetha RG, Bakthavatchalam YD, et al.. Genomic investigation unveils colistin resistance mechanism in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Microbiol Spectr. 2024, 12:e0251123. 10.1128\/spectrum.02511-23","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.022","article-title":"Global prevalence and molecular epidemiology of mcr-mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Dadashi M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dadashi M, Sameni F, Bostanshirin N, et al.. Global prevalence and molecular epidemiology of mcr-mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates: a systematic review. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2022, 29:444-61. 10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.022","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103887","article-title":"Global prevalence of colistin resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Pormohammad A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pormohammad A, Mehdinejadiani K, Gholizadeh P, et al.. Global prevalence of colistin resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog. 2020, 139:103887. 10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103887","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101092","article-title":"Global prevalence of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae from bloodstream infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Uzairue LI","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uzairue LI, Rabaan AA, Adewumi FA, et al.. Global prevalence of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae from bloodstream infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathogens. 2022, 11:1092. 10.3390\/pathogens11101092","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7120414","article-title":"Prevalence of mutated colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Yusof NY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yusof NY, Norazzman NI, Hakim SN, et al.. Prevalence of mutated colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022, 7:414. 10.3390\/tropicalmed7120414","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7","article-title":"Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism mcr-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study","volume":"16","author":"Liu YY","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu YY, Wang Y, Walsh TR, et al.. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism mcr-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016, 16:161-8. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01298-4","article-title":"Colistin resistance in Gram-negative ocular infections: prevalence, clinical outcome and antibiotic susceptibility patterns","volume":"40","author":"Mitra S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mitra S, Basu S, Rath S, Sahu SK. Colistin resistance in Gram-negative ocular infections: prevalence, clinical outcome and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Int Ophthalmol. 2020, 40:1307-17. 10.1007\/s10792-020-01298-4","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.666030","article-title":"Genetic characterisation of colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from North India","volume":"11","author":"Singh S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh S, Pathak A, Rahman M, Singh A, Nag S, Sahu C, Prasad KN. Genetic characterisation of colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from North India. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021, 11:666030. 10.3389\/fcimb.2021.666030","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01885-17","article-title":"Emergence of chromosome-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from India","volume":"62","author":"Singh S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh S, Pathak A, Kumar A, Rahman M, Singh A, Gonzalez-Zorn B, Prasad KN. Emergence of chromosome-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018, 62:e01885-17. 10.1128\/AAC.01885-17","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361221080650","article-title":"Analysis of colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"9","author":"Bir R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bir R, Gautam H, Arif N, et al.. Analysis of colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2022, 9:20499361221080650. 10.1177\/20499361221080650","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxae172","article-title":"Analysis of mcr family of colistin resistance genes in Gram-negative isolates from a tertiary care hospital in India","volume":"135","author":"Irusan D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Irusan D, Akshay SD, Shetty VP, Karunasagar I, Deekshit VK, Rohit A. Analysis of mcr family of colistin resistance genes in Gram-negative isolates from a tertiary care hospital in India. J Appl Microbiol. 2024, 135:lxae172. 10.1093\/jambio\/lxae172","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.363","article-title":"Detection of the emergence of mcr-1-mediated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae through a hospital-based surveillance in an oncology center in eastern India","volume":"41","author":"Roy S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roy S, Das P, Das S, et al.. Detection of the emergence of mcr-1-mediated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae through a hospital-based surveillance in an oncology center in eastern India. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020, 41:378-80. 10.1017\/ice.2019.363","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.114998","article-title":"Intestinal carriage of colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized patients from an Indian center","volume":"97","author":"Palani GS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palani GS, Ghafur A, Krishnan P, Rayvathy B, Thirunarayan MA. Intestinal carriage of colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized patients from an Indian center. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020, 97:114998. 10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.114998","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.096","article-title":"Emergence of chromosome borne colistin resistance gene, mcr-1 in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"101","author":"Pathak A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pathak A, Singh S, Kumar A, Prasad KN. Emergence of chromosome borne colistin resistance gene, mcr-1 in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IJID. 2020, 101:22. 10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.096","journal-title":"IJID"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.238","article-title":"Prevalence of colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in clinical isolates Acinetobacter Baumannii from India","volume":"101","author":"Rahman M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahman M, Ahmed S. Prevalence of colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in clinical isolates Acinetobacter Baumannii from India. IJID. 2020, 101:81. 10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.238","journal-title":"IJID"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.609840","article-title":"Colistin resistance among multiple sequence types of Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with diverse resistance mechanisms: a report from India","volume":"12","author":"Azam M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azam M, Gaind R, Yadav G, Sharma A, Upmanyu K, Jain M, Singh R. Colistin resistance among multiple sequence types of Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with diverse resistance mechanisms: a report from India. Front Microbiol. 2021, 12:609840. 10.3389\/fmicb.2021.609840","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0023","article-title":"Mutations at novel sites in pmrA\/B and lpxA\/D genes and absence of reduced fitness in colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from a tertiary care hospital, India","volume":"27","author":"Sharma S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma S, Banerjee T, Yadav G, Palandurkar K. Mutations at novel sites in pmrA\/B and lpxA\/D genes and absence of reduced fitness in colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from a tertiary care hospital, India. Microb Drug Resist. 2021, 27:628-36. 10.1089\/mdr.2020.0023","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.933006","article-title":"Characterization and comparative genomic analysis of a highly colistin-resistant Chryseobacterium gallinarum: a rare, uncommon pathogen","volume":"12","author":"Gaur M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gaur M, Dey S, Sahu A, et al.. Characterization and comparative genomic analysis of a highly colistin-resistant Chryseobacterium gallinarum: a rare, uncommon pathogen. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022, 12:933006. 10.3389\/fcimb.2022.933006","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03306-4","article-title":"Genome analyses of colistin-resistant high-risk bla(NDM-5) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 and ST357 in clinical settings","volume":"24","author":"Talat A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Talat A, Khan F, Khan AU. Genome analyses of colistin-resistant high-risk bla(NDM-5) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 and ST357 in clinical settings. BMC Microbiol. 2024, 24:174. 10.1186\/s12866-024-03306-4","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105903","article-title":"KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 in a neonatal unit: clonal isolates with differences in colistin susceptibility attributed to AcrAB-TolC pump","volume":"55","author":"Naha S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naha S, Sands K, Mukherjee S, et al.. KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 in a neonatal unit: clonal isolates with differences in colistin susceptibility attributed to AcrAB-TolC pump. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020, 55:105903. 10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105903","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41429-021-00417-2","article-title":"Mutations in two component system (PhoPQ and PmrAB) in colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from North Indian tertiary care hospital","volume":"74","author":"Nirwan PK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nirwan PK, Chatterjee N, Panwar R, Dudeja M, Jaggi N. Mutations in two component system (PhoPQ and PmrAB) in colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from North Indian tertiary care hospital. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2021, 74:450-7. 10.1038\/s41429-021-00417-2","journal-title":"J Antibiot (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.252","article-title":"Multiple importations and transmission of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a hospital in northern India","volume":"40","author":"Mathur P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mathur P, Khurana S, de Man TJ, et al.. Multiple importations and transmission of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a hospital in northern India. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2019, 40:1387-93. 10.1017\/ice.2019.252","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fsoa-2018-0011","article-title":"Multiple mutations in lipid-A modification pathway & novel FosA variants in colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"4","author":"Mathur P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mathur P, Veeraraghavan B, Devanga Ragupathi NK, et al.. Multiple mutations in lipid-A modification pathway & novel FosA variants in colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Future Sci OA. 2018, 4:FSO319. 10.4155\/fsoa-2018-0011","journal-title":"Future Sci OA"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2087_17","article-title":"Molecular characterization of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae & its clonal relationship among Indian isolates","volume":"149","author":"Shankar C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shankar C, Venkatesan M, Rajan R, et al.. Molecular characterization of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae & its clonal relationship among Indian isolates. Indian J Med Res. 2019, 149:199-207. 10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2087_17","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23156","article-title":"Functional genome screening to elucidate the colistin resistance mechanism","volume":"6","author":"Kumar M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar M, Gupta A, Sahoo RK, Jena J, Debata NK, Subudhi E. Functional genome screening to elucidate the colistin resistance mechanism. Sci Rep. 2016, 6:23156. 10.1038\/srep23156","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Colistin resistance due to insertional inactivation of the mgrB in Klebsiella pneumoniae of clinical origin: first report from India","volume":"31","author":"Kumar A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar A, Biswas L, Omgy N, et al.. Colistin resistance due to insertional inactivation of the mgrB in Klebsiella pneumoniae of clinical origin: first report from India. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2018, 31:406-10.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2023.009","article-title":"Extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with complicated urinary tract infection in Northern India","volume":"77","author":"Kaza P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaza P, Xavier BB, Mahindroo J, et al.. Extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with complicated urinary tract infection in Northern India. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2024, 77:7-15. 10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2023.009","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14381","article-title":"Impact of PmrB mutations on clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae with variable colistin-susceptibilities: structural insights and potent therapeutic solutions","volume":"103","author":"Basu S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Basu S, Veeraraghavan B, Anbarasu A. Impact of PmrB mutations on clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae with variable colistin-susceptibilities: structural insights and potent therapeutic solutions. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2024, 103:e14381. 10.1111\/cbdd.14381","journal-title":"Chem Biol Drug Des"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.04.002","article-title":"Genomic insight of extremely drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST5378 from a paediatric bloodstream infection","volume":"33","author":"Sahoo RK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sahoo RK, Gaur M, Dey S, Sahoo S, Das A, Subudhi E. Genomic insight of extremely drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST5378 from a paediatric bloodstream infection. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2023, 33:227-30. 10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.04.002","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2022-0055","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of colistin- and multidrug-resistance in bacteria among patients with hospital-acquired infections","volume":"9","author":"Khurana S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khurana S, Katiyar A, Puraswani M, Sharma D, Walia K, Malhotra R, Mathur P. Molecular mechanisms of colistin- and multidrug-resistance in bacteria among patients with hospital-acquired infections. Future Sci OA. 2023, 9:FSO896. 10.2144\/fsoa-2022-0055","journal-title":"Future Sci OA"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.06.009","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and prevalence of colistin resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Middle East region: a review over the last 5 years","volume":"22","author":"Aris P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aris P, Robatjazi S, Nikkhahi F, Amin Marashi SM. Molecular mechanisms and prevalence of colistin resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Middle East region: a review over the last 5 years. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020, 22:625-30. 10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.06.009","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S199844","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms related to colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"12","author":"Aghapour Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aghapour Z, Gholizadeh P, Ganbarov K, et al.. Molecular mechanisms related to colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Infect Drug Resist. 2019, 12:965-75. 10.2147\/IDR.S199844","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.01.008","article-title":"Two-component signal transduction as potential drug targets in pathogenic bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Gotoh Y","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gotoh Y, Eguchi Y, Watanabe T, Okamoto S, Doi A, Utsumi R. Two-component signal transduction as potential drug targets in pathogenic bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2010, 13:232-9. 10.1016\/j.mib.2010.01.008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01878","article-title":"Two-component signal transduction systems of pathogenic bacteria as targets for antimicrobial therapy: an overview","volume":"8","author":"Tiwari S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tiwari S, Jamal SB, Hassan SS, et al.. Two-component signal transduction systems of pathogenic bacteria as targets for antimicrobial therapy: an overview. Front Microbiol. 2017, 8:1878. 10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01878","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-022-06079-z","article-title":"Horizontal transfer of a plasmid possessing mcr-1 marked with a single nucleotide mutation between Escherichia coli isolates from community residents","volume":"15","author":"Yamamoto Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamamoto Y, Higashi A, Ikawa K, et al.. Horizontal transfer of a plasmid possessing mcr-1 marked with a single nucleotide mutation between Escherichia coli isolates from community residents. BMC Res Notes. 2022, 15:196. 10.1186\/s13104-022-06079-z","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105040","article-title":"Genetic basis of molecular mechanisms in \u03b2-lactam resistant gram-negative bacteria","volume":"158","author":"Hussain HI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussain HI, Aqib AI, Seleem MN, et al.. Genetic basis of molecular mechanisms in \u03b2-lactam resistant gram-negative bacteria. Microb Pathog. 2021, 158:105040. 10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105040","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2018.1492902","article-title":"The rise and spread of mcr plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance","volume":"45","author":"Nang SC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nang SC, Li J, Velkov T. The rise and spread of mcr plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2019, 45:131-61. 10.1080\/1040841X.2018.1492902","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab123","article-title":"Navigating sociocultural disparities in relation to infection and antibiotic resistance-the need for an intersectional approach","volume":"3","author":"Charani E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Charani E, Mendelson M, Ashiru-Oredope D, et al.. Navigating sociocultural disparities in relation to infection and antibiotic resistance-the need for an intersectional approach. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021, 3:dlab123. 10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab123","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_331_18","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in the environment: the Indian scenario","volume":"149","author":"Taneja N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taneja N, Sharma M. Antimicrobial resistance in the environment: the Indian scenario. JIndian J Med Res. 2019, 149:119-28. 10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_331_18","journal-title":"JIndian J Med Res"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/339030-an-overview-of-the-genetic-mechanisms-of-colistin-resistance-in-bacterial-pathogens-an-indian-perspective","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T07:43:23Z","timestamp":1739173403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/339030-an-overview-of-the-genetic-mechanisms-of-colistin-resistance-in-bacterial-pathogens-an-indian-perspective"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]]},"references-count":59,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.78800","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]]}}}