{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:53:42Z","timestamp":1792724022970,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.79334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T01:04:31Z","timestamp":1740013471000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Review of Clinical Guidelines and Practices"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Raniah  A","family":"Albairmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basheer  M","family":"Basheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May M","family":"Macky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tala","family":"Al Syouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haya","family":"AlZubaidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyman","family":"Elfaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alweena","family":"Kidwai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousif M","family":"Basheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Salaheldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.668447","article-title":"Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the Middle East and North Africa, 2000-2019: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"12","author":"Al-Rifai RH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Rifai RH, Abdo NM, Paulo MS, Saha S, Ahmed LA. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the Middle East and North Africa, 2000-2019: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021, 12:668447. 10.3389\/fendo.2021.668447","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-S015","article-title":"Management of diabetes in pregnancy","volume":"38","year":"2015","unstructured":"Management of diabetes in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2015, 38.S77-9. 10.2337\/dc15-S015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.29.2.105","article-title":"Implementation of preconception care for women with diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Yehuda I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yehuda I. Implementation of preconception care for women with diabetes. Diabetes Spectr. 2016, 29:105-14. 10.2337\/diaspect.29.2.105","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44200","article-title":"Risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus among women attending an antenatal care clinic in Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a case-control study","volume":"15","author":"Alduayji MM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alduayji MM, Selim M. Risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus among women attending an antenatal care clinic in Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a case-control study. Cureus. 2023, 15:e44200. 10.7759\/cureus.44200","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"ACOG practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 60, March 2005. Pregestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"105","year":"2005","unstructured":"ACOG practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 60, March 2005. Pregestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2005, 105.675-85.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081879","article-title":"Folate supplementation in women with pre-existing diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Perera N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perera N, Rudland VL, Simmons D, Price SA. Folate supplementation in women with pre-existing diabetes. Nutrients. 2023, 15:1879. 10.3390\/nu15081879","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-006-0110-2","article-title":"Preconception healthcare: what women know and believe","volume":"10","author":"Frey KA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frey KA, Files JA. Preconception healthcare: what women know and believe. Matern Child Health J. 2006, 10:S73-7. 10.1007\/s10995-006-0110-2","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061257","article-title":"Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy: what is the evidence?","volume":"10","author":"Raets L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raets L, Beunen K, Benhalima K. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy: what is the evidence?. J Clin Med. 2021, 10:1257. 10.3390\/jcm10061257","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S015","article-title":"15. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: standards of care in diabetes-2024","volume":"47","year":"2024","unstructured":"15. Management of diabetes in pregnancy. standards of care in diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024, 47:S282-94. 10.2337\/dc24-S015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.2024.2384258","article-title":"The 2024 Flemish consensus on screening for gestational diabetes mellitus early and later in pregnancy","volume":"79","author":"Benhalima K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benhalima K, Geerts I, Calewaert P, et al.. The 2024 Flemish consensus on screening for gestational diabetes mellitus early and later in pregnancy. Acta Clin Belg. 2024, 79:217-24. 10.1080\/17843286.2024.2384258","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15277\/bjd.2019.211","article-title":"NICE targeted screening to identify gestational diabetes: who are we missing?","volume":"19","author":"Kucuk C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kucuk C, Chakera AJ, Macaninch E. NICE targeted screening to identify gestational diabetes: who are we missing?. British J Diabetes. 2019, 19:25-8. 10.15277\/bjd.2019.211","journal-title":"British J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05564-9","article-title":"Comparison of criteria of International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"302","author":"Todi S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Todi S, Sagili H, Kamalanathan SK. Comparison of criteria of International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020, 302:47-52. 10.1007\/s00404-020-05564-9","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S002","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed NA","year":"2023","unstructured":"ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al.. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023, 46:S19-40. 10.2337\/dc23-S002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020599","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and the long-term risk for glucose intolerance and overweight in the offspring: a narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Nijs H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nijs H, Benhalima K. Gestational diabetes mellitus and the long-term risk for glucose intolerance and overweight in the offspring: a narrative review. J Clin Med. 2020, 9:599. 10.3390\/jcm9020599","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1118","article-title":"Gestational diabetes identifies women at risk for permanent type 1 and type 2 diabetes in fertile age: predictive role of autoantibodies","volume":"29","author":"J\u00e4rvel\u00e4 IY","year":"2006","unstructured":"J\u00e4rvel\u00e4 IY, Juutinen J, Koskela P, Hartikainen AL, Kulmala P, Knip M, Tapanainen JS. Gestational diabetes identifies women at risk for permanent type 1 and type 2 diabetes in fertile age: predictive role of autoantibodies. Diabetes Care. 2006, 29:607-12. 10.2337\/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1118","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-9020","article-title":"Managing preexisting diabetes for pregnancy: summary of evidence and consensus recommendations for care","volume":"31","author":"Kitzmiller JL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kitzmiller JL, Block JM, Brown FM, et al.. Managing preexisting diabetes for pregnancy: summary of evidence and consensus recommendations for care. Diabetes Care. 2008, 31:1060-79. 10.2337\/dc08-9020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2024.002","article-title":"Managing pre-existing diabetes prior to and during pregnancy","volume":"47","author":"Callaway","unstructured":"Callaway, L. K., &amp; Britten, F.. Managing pre-existing diabetes prior to and during pregnancy. Australian Prescriber. 47:2. 10.18773\/austprescr.2024.002","journal-title":"Australian Prescriber"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S006","article-title":"Glycemic targets: standards of medical care in diabetes-2021","volume":"44","year":"2021","unstructured":"Glycemic targets. standards of medical care in diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021, 44:S73-84. 10.2337\/dc21-S006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.5634","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring versus self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Janapala RN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Janapala RN, Jayaraj JS, Fathima N, et al.. Continuous glucose monitoring versus self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Cureus. 2019, 11:e5634. 10.7759\/cureus.5634","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.13994","article-title":"Association of insulin pump therapy vs insulin injection therapy with severe hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and glycemic control among children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"318","author":"Karges B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karges B, Schwandt A, Heidtmann B, et al.. Association of insulin pump therapy vs insulin injection therapy with severe hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and glycemic control among children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes. JAMA. 2017, 318:1358-66. 10.1001\/jama.2017.13994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.2503","article-title":"Insulin pumps","volume":"20","author":"Pickup JC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pickup JC. Insulin pumps. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018, 20:S30-40. 10.1089\/dia.2018.2503","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32400-5","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (CONCEPTT): a multicentre international randomised controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"Feig DS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feig DS, Donovan LE, Corcoy R, et al.. Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (CONCEPTT): a multicentre international randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017, 390:2347-59. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32400-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.02.019","article-title":"A review of the pathophysiology and management of diabetes in pregnancy","volume":"95","author":"Egan AM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Egan AM, Dow ML, Vella A. A review of the pathophysiology and management of diabetes in pregnancy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020, 95:2734-46. 10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.02.019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.1106903","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal complications of diabetic pregnancy","volume":"60","author":"Rosca D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosca D. Fetal and neonatal complications of diabetic pregnancy. Moldovan Med J. 2017, 60:50-6. 10.5281\/zenodo.1106903","journal-title":"Moldovan Med J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-496","article-title":"Pre-existing diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Wahabi HA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wahabi HA, Esmaeil SA, Fayed A, Al-Shaikh G, Alzeidan RA. Pre-existing diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes. BMC Res Notes. 2012, 5:496. 10.1186\/1756-0500-5-496","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"A Study of Complications in Infants of Diabetic Mother","author":"Voona MM","unstructured":"Voona MM, Iragamreddy VR, Reddy JP. A Study of Complications in Infants of Diabetic Mother. 2023 (ed): Medical and Research Publications, Stoke-on-Trent, UK;"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.12.2208","article-title":"Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sibships","volume":"49","author":"Dabelea D","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dabelea D, Hanson RL, Lindsay RS, et al.. Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sibships. Diabetes. 2000, 49:2208-11. 10.2337\/diabetes.49.12.2208","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2019.303990","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"65","author":"Metzger BE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Metzger BE, Coustan DR, Trimble ER. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Clin Chem. 2019, 65:937-8. 10.1373\/clinchem.2019.303990","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.35-10-417","article-title":"Respiratory distress in the newborn","volume":"35","author":"Reuter S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reuter S, Moser C, Baack M. Respiratory distress in the newborn. Pediatr Rev. 2014, 35:417-29. 10.1542\/pir.35-10-417","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.481","article-title":"Birth defects in pregestational diabetes: defect range, glycemic threshold and pathogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Gabbay-Benziv R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gabbay-Benziv R, Reece EA, Wang F, Yang P. Birth defects in pregestational diabetes: defect range, glycemic threshold and pathogenesis. World J Diabetes. 2015, 6:481-8. 10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.481","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S3-S2","article-title":"Effect of screening and management of diabetes during pregnancy on stillbirths","volume":"11 Suppl 3","author":"Syed M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Syed M, Javed H, Yakoob MY, Bhutta ZA. Effect of screening and management of diabetes during pregnancy on stillbirths. BMC Public Health. 2011, 11 Suppl 3:S2. 10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S3-S2","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050801929430","article-title":"Gestational diabetes: the forerunner for the development of maternal and childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome?","volume":"21","author":"Vohr BR","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vohr BR, Boney CM. Gestational diabetes: the forerunner for the development of maternal and childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome?. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008, 21:149-57. 10.1080\/14767050801929430","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/53J8P","article-title":"Nutritional Management of Diabetes: Advocacy Guide","author":"Al-Jawaldeh A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Jawaldeh A, Taktouk M, Hammerich A, et al.. Nutritional Management of Diabetes: Advocacy Guide. Open Science Framework, Charlottesville, VA; 2024. 10.17605\/OSF.IO\/53J8P"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3540-1","article-title":"Metformin or insulin: logical treatment in women with gestational diabetes in the Middle East, our experience","volume":"11","author":"Christian SJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Christian SJ, Boama V, Satti H, et al.. Metformin or insulin: logical treatment in women with gestational diabetes in the Middle East, our experience. BMC Res Notes. 2018, 11:426. 10.1186\/s13104-018-3540-1","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19082\/6087","article-title":"Comparison of umbilical artery Doppler and non-stress test in assessment of fetal well-being in gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Niromanesh S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Niromanesh S, Shirazi M, Eftekhariyazdi M, Mortazavi F. Comparison of umbilical artery Doppler and non-stress test in assessment of fetal well-being in gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. Electron Physician. 2017, 9:6087-93. 10.19082\/6087","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X13513577","article-title":"Timing of delivery in women with diabetes in pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Berger H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Berger H, Melamed N. Timing of delivery in women with diabetes in pregnancy. Obstet Med. 2014, 7:8-16. 10.1177\/1753495X13513577","journal-title":"Obstet Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1862","article-title":"Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Kim C","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kim C, Newton KM, Knopp RH. Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2002, 25:1862-8. 10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1862","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.10.028","article-title":"Breastfeeding and the maternal risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"24","author":"Aune D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aune D, Norat T, Romundstad P, Vatten LJ. Breastfeeding and the maternal risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014, 24:107-15. 10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.10.028","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/337072-management-of-diabetes-in-pregnancy-a-review-of-clinical-guidelines-and-practices","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T01:04:38Z","timestamp":1740013478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/337072-management-of-diabetes-in-pregnancy-a-review-of-clinical-guidelines-and-practices"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.79334","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]}}}