{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:46:53Z","timestamp":1790264813155,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.79490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T08:53:57Z","timestamp":1740300837000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ahmad K","family":"Alkhayyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed S","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed S","family":"Alsaeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman  A","family":"Almedaires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullatif  A","family":"AlMuhaish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sattam M","family":"Almikhlal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim  S","family":"AlKhalifah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman S","family":"Albujays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0614","article-title":"Risk of cause-specific death in individuals with diabetes: a competing risks analysis","volume":"39","author":"Baena-D\u00edez JM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baena-D\u00edez JM, Pe\u00f1afiel J, Subirana I, et al.. Risk of cause-specific death in individuals with diabetes: a competing risks analysis. Diabetes Care. 2016, 39:1987-95. 10.2337\/dc16-0614","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034021","article-title":"Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related factors among the general adult population in Saudi Arabia between 2016-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the cross-sectional studies","volume":"102","author":"Alwadeai KS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alwadeai KS, Alhammad SA. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related factors among the general adult population in Saudi Arabia between 2016-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the cross-sectional studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023, 102:e34021. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000034021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045","volume":"138","author":"Cho NH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, Malanda B. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018, 138:271-81. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.4254","article-title":"Incidence of anxiety and depression among patients with Type 2 diabetes and the predicting factors","volume":"11","author":"Khan P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khan P, Qayyum N, Malik F, Khan T, Khan M, Tahir A. Incidence of anxiety and depression among patients with Type 2 diabetes and the predicting factors. Cureus. 2019, 11:e4254. 10.7759\/cureus.4254","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Depressive disorder (depression). (2023). Accessed: December 27, 2024: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/depression."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.6.1069","article-title":"The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Anderson RJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson RJ, Freedland KE, Clouse RE, Lustman PJ. The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2001, 24:1069-78. 10.2337\/diacare.24.6.1069","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1154","article-title":"Prevalence of depression among U.S. adults with diabetes: findings from the 2006 behavioral risk factor surveillance system","volume":"31","author":"Li C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li C, Ford ES, Strine TW, Mokdad AH. Prevalence of depression among U.S. adults with diabetes: findings from the 2006 behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Diabetes Care. 2008, 31:105-7. 10.2337\/dc07-1154","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1542576396","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among diabetes mellitus patients in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia","volume":"3","author":"Mukrim ME","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mukrim ME, Alshammari NM, Alshammari WM, et al.. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among diabetes mellitus patients in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia. Int J Med Dev Ctries. 2019, 3:229-33. 10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1542576396","journal-title":"Int J Med Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00015","article-title":"Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"de Groot M","year":"2001","unstructured":"de Groot M, Anderson R, Freedland KE, Clouse RE, Lustman PJ. Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis. Psychosom Med. 2001, 63:619-30. 10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00015","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03125.x","article-title":"More co-morbid depression in patients with Type 2 diabetes with multiple complications. An observational study at a specialized outpatient clinic","volume":"28","author":"van Steenbergen-Weijenburg KM","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Steenbergen-Weijenburg KM, van Puffelen AL, Horn EK, et al.. More co-morbid depression in patients with Type 2 diabetes with multiple complications. An observational study at a specialized outpatient clinic. Diabet Med. 2011, 28:86-9. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03125.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.100670","article-title":"Association of depression and its relation with complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Bajaj S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bajaj S, Agarwal SK, Varma A, Singh VK. Association of depression and its relation with complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012, 16:759-63. 10.4103\/2230-8210.100670","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(12)00632-5","article-title":"Dialogue on diabetes and depression: dealing with the double burden of co-morbidity","volume":"142","author":"Holt RI","year":"2012","unstructured":"Holt RI, Katon WJ. Dialogue on diabetes and depression: dealing with the double burden of co-morbidity. J Affect Disord. 2012, 142:S1-5. 10.1016\/S0165-0327(12)00632-5","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2006.11.005","article-title":"The association of depression and anxiety with medical symptom burden in patients with chronic medical illness","volume":"29","author":"Katon W","year":"2007","unstructured":"Katon W, Lin EH, Kroenke K. The association of depression and anxiety with medical symptom burden in patients with chronic medical illness. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2007, 29:147-55. 10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2006.11.005","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001, 16:606-13. 10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer RL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, L\u00f6we B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166:1092-7. 10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2008.07572.x","article-title":"Predictive validity of a medication adherence measure in an outpatient setting","volume":"10","author":"Morisky DE","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morisky DE, Ang A, Krousel-Wood M, Ward HJ. Predictive validity of a medication adherence measure in an outpatient setting. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008, 10:348-54. 10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2008.07572.x","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-019-0307-6","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among patients with type II diabetes attending primary healthcare centers in the western region of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Alzahrani A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alzahrani A, Alghamdi A, Alqarni T, Alshareef R, Alzahrani A. Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among patients with type II diabetes attending primary healthcare centers in the western region of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2019, 13:48. 10.1186\/s13033-019-0307-6","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01943.x","article-title":"The prevalence of co-morbid depression in adults with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Ali S","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ali S, Stone MA, Peters JL, Davies MJ, Khunti K. The prevalence of co-morbid depression in adults with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2006, 23:1165-73. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01943.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2011.03.001","article-title":"Depression among adults with diabetes in Jordan: risk factors and relationship to blood sugar control","volume":"25","author":"Al-Amer RM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Al-Amer RM, Sobeh MM, Zayed AA, Al-Domi HA. Depression among adults with diabetes in Jordan: risk factors and relationship to blood sugar control. J Diabetes Complications. 2011, 25:247-52. 10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2011.03.001","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetics visiting primary health care center at Armed Forces Hospital in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia: prevalence and associated factors","volume":"33","author":"Altalhi S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Altalhi S, AlQarni M, AlEnzi A, AlHusayni H. Anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetics visiting primary health care center at Armed Forces Hospital in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia: prevalence and associated factors. Indo American J Pharma Sci. 2022, 33:","journal-title":"Indo American J Pharma Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12212159","article-title":"Anxiety and depression among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia and Egypt","volume":"12","author":"Mahmoud MR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahmoud MR, Aljadani A, Razzak Mahmood AA, et al.. Anxiety and depression among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Healthcare (Basel). 2024, 12:2159. 10.3390\/healthcare12212159","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.10.11944","article-title":"The association between diabetes and depression","volume":"36","author":"Gemeay EM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gemeay EM, Moawed SA, Mansour EA, Ebrahiem NE, Moussa IM, Nadrah WO. The association between diabetes and depression. Saudi Med J. 2015, 36:1210-5. 10.15537\/smj.2015.10.11944","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2014.38.3.220","article-title":"Factors associated with health-related quality of life among Saudi patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"38","author":"Al Hayek AA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al Hayek AA, Robert AA, Al Saeed A, Alzaid AA, Al Sabaan FS. Factors associated with health-related quality of life among Saudi patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey. Diabetes Metab J. 2014, 38:220-9. 10.4093\/dmj.2014.38.3.220","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26715\/jbms.p25_4","article-title":"Prevalence of Depression among Type-II Diabetic Patients Prevalence of depression in diabetics attending primary healthcare centers in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia","volume":"25","author":"Al-Muzien NA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Muzien NA, Al-Sowielem LS. Prevalence of Depression among Type-II Diabetic Patients Prevalence of depression in diabetics attending primary healthcare centers in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. J Bahrain Med Soc. 2014, 25:14-8. 10.26715\/jbms.p25_4","journal-title":"J Bahrain Med Soc"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0024105","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of depression among Type 2DM outpatients in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","author":"El Mahalli AA","year":"2015","unstructured":"El Mahalli AA. Prevalence and predictors of depression among Type 2DM outpatients in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2015, 9:119-26. 10.12816\/0024105","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci (Qassim)"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Prevalence of depression among diabetic patients in Makkah","volume":"71","author":"Alshehri AA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alshehri AA, Al-Gadouri MA, Abdulrahim FM, et al.. Prevalence of depression among diabetic patients in Makkah. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2018, 71:2243-9.","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"A high prevalence of depression among diabetic patients at a teaching hospital in Western Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","author":"Al-Ghamdi AA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Al-Ghamdi AA. A high prevalence of depression among diabetic patients at a teaching hospital in Western Saudi Arabia. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2004, 9:108-12.","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Depression and anxiety and their correlates in patients with DM in Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia","volume":"3","author":"Alduraywish A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alduraywish A, Fattah DA, Abd-Eltawab A, Al-Ruwili M, Alhassan A, Alnafe N, Alruwailly F. Depression and anxiety and their correlates in patients with DM in Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia. Clini Med Diagnostics. 2017, 3:48-56.","journal-title":"Clini Med Diagnostics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2017.04.002","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes in Qassim: a descriptive cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Al-Mohaimeed AA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Mohaimeed AA. Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes in Qassim: a descriptive cross-sectional study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2017, 12:430-6. 10.1016\/j.jtumed.2017.04.002","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.09.014","article-title":"Depression and related risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Jazan area, KSA: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Albasheer OB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albasheer OB, Mahfouz MS, Solan Y, et al.. Depression and related risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Jazan area, KSA: a cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018, 12:117-21. 10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.09.014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21276\/ijmrp.2016.2.6.009","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of depression among Type 2 diabetic patients in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia","volume":"2","author":"Al-Atawi FN","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Atawi FN, Al-Atawi MA, Al-Shehri AA, Al-Amri SM, Al-Anazi NK, Al-Qahtani MS. Prevalence and determinants of depression among Type 2 diabetic patients in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia. Int J Med Res Prof. 2016, 2:46-53. 10.21276\/ijmrp.2016.2.6.009","journal-title":"Int J Med Res Prof"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/335212-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-among-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-eastern-region-saudi-arabia-a-cross-sectional-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T08:54:02Z","timestamp":1740300842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/335212-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-among-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-eastern-region-saudi-arabia-a-cross-sectional-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.79490","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]}}}