{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:21:35Z","timestamp":1777605695049,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.79876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T13:42:01Z","timestamp":1740836521000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on the Upper Extremities: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Michael J","family":"Sinnott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Vanguri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-022-09781-4","article-title":"Upper extremity injuries in crossfit athletes\u2014a review of the current literature","volume":"15","author":"Nicolay RW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nicolay RW, Moore LK, DeSena TD, Dines JS. Upper extremity injuries in crossfit athletes\u2014a review of the current literature. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2022, 15:402-10. 10.1007\/s12178-022-09781-4","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-018-9461-8","article-title":"Natural history of degenerative rotator cuff tears","volume":"11","author":"Codding JL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Codding JL, Keener JD. Natural history of degenerative rotator cuff tears. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2018, 11:77-85. 10.1007\/s12178-018-9461-8","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097071","article-title":"Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Hughes L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hughes L, Paton B, Rosenblatt B, Gissane C, Patterson SD. Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017, 51:1003-11. 10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097071","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70252\/LYGQ7085","article-title":"Blood flow restriction training: implementation into clinical practice","volume":"10","author":"Vanwye WR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vanwye WR, Weatherholt AM, Mikesky AE. Blood flow restriction training: implementation into clinical practice. Int J Exerc Sci. 2017, 10:649-54. 10.70252\/LYGQ7085","journal-title":"Int J Exerc Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise","volume":"43","author":"Garber CE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al.. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011, 43:1334-59. 10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.34426","article-title":"Re-tear rates following rotator cuff repair surgery","volume":"15","author":"Routledge JC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Routledge JC, Saber AY, Pennington N, Gupta N. Re-tear rates following rotator cuff repair surgery. Cureus. 2023, 15:e34426. 10.7759\/cureus.34426","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0264-9","article-title":"A review on the mechanisms of blood-flow restriction resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy","volume":"45","author":"Pearson SJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pearson SJ, Hussain SR. A review on the mechanisms of blood-flow restriction resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy. Sports Med. 2015, 45:187-200. 10.1007\/s40279-014-0264-9","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.1.61","article-title":"Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion","volume":"88","author":"Takarada Y","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takarada Y, Nakamura Y, Aruga S, Onda T, Miyazaki S, Ishii N. Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion. J Appl Physiol. 2000, 88:61-5. 10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.1.61","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-024-01419-5","article-title":"Differential training benefits and motor unit remodeling in wrist force precision tasks following high and low load blood flow restriction exercises under volume-matched conditions","volume":"21","author":"Lin YT","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin YT, Wong CM, Chen YC, Chen Y, Hwang IS. Differential training benefits and motor unit remodeling in wrist force precision tasks following high and low load blood flow restriction exercises under volume-matched conditions. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2024, 21:123. 10.1186\/s12984-024-01419-5","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001191","article-title":"Blood flow restriction training in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy: a randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Kara D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kara D, Ozcakar L, Demirci S, Huri G, Duzgun I. Blood flow restriction training in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy: a randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled trial. Clin J Sport Med. 2024, 34:10-6. 10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001191","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.07.029","article-title":"Blood flow restriction: the metabolite\/volume threshold theory","volume":"77","author":"Loenneke JP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loenneke JP, Fahs CA, Wilson JM, Bemben MG. Blood flow restriction: the metabolite\/volume threshold theory. Med Hypotheses. 2011, 77:748-52. 10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.07.029","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.12.005","article-title":"Lower extremity blood flow restriction training in athletes significantly improves strength-related outcomes in 58% of studies compared to non-blood flow restriction control","author":"Tollefson LV","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tollefson LV, Schoenecker J, Solie B, Monson J, LaPrade CM, Mullin EP, LaPrade RF. Lower extremity blood flow restriction training in athletes significantly improves strength-related outcomes in 58% of studies compared to non-blood flow restriction control. Arthroscopy. 2024, 10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.12.005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1379605","article-title":"Blood flow restriction combined with resistance training on muscle strength and thickness improvement in young adults: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"15","author":"Ma F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma F, He J, Wang Y. Blood flow restriction combined with resistance training on muscle strength and thickness improvement in young adults: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Front Physiol. 2024, 15:1379605. 10.3389\/fphys.2024.1379605","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.02.003","article-title":"Upper-extremity blood flow restriction: the proximal, distal, and contralateral effects-a randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Bowman EN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bowman EN, Elshaar R, Milligan H, et al.. Upper-extremity blood flow restriction: the proximal, distal, and contralateral effects-a randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020, 29:1267-74. 10.1016\/j.jse.2020.02.003","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12297","article-title":"Unilateral bicep curl hemodynamics: low-pressure continuous vs high-pressure intermittent blood flow restriction","volume":"25","author":"Brandner CR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brandner CR, Kidgell DJ, Warmington SA. Unilateral bicep curl hemodynamics: low-pressure continuous vs high-pressure intermittent blood flow restriction. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015, 25:770-7. 10.1111\/sms.12297","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211017524","article-title":"Blood flow restriction training for the shoulder: a case for proximal benefit","volume":"49","author":"Lambert B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lambert B, Hedt C, Daum J, Taft C, Chaliki K, Epner E, McCulloch P. Blood flow restriction training for the shoulder: a case for proximal benefit. Am J Sports Med. 2021, 49:2716-28. 10.1177\/03635465211017524","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.01.013","article-title":"Eccentric, but not concentric blood flow restriction resistance training increases muscle strength in the untrained limb","volume":"43","author":"Hill EC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hill EC. Eccentric, but not concentric blood flow restriction resistance training increases muscle strength in the untrained limb. Phys Ther Sport. 2020, 43:1-7. 10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.01.013","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12439","article-title":"Blood flow restriction attenuates eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage without perceptual and cardiovascular overload","volume":"38","author":"Curty VM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Curty VM, Melo AB, Caldas LC, et al.. Blood flow restriction attenuates eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage without perceptual and cardiovascular overload. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2018, 38:468-76. 10.1111\/cpf.12439","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000833","article-title":"The effect of cuff width on muscle adaptations after blood flow restriction training","volume":"48","author":"Laurentino GC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laurentino GC, Loenneke JP, Teixeira EL, Nakajima E, Iared W, Tricoli V. The effect of cuff width on muscle adaptations after blood flow restriction training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016, 48:920-5. 10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000833","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31815c6d7e","article-title":"Cross-transfer effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction","volume":"40","author":"Madarame H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Madarame H, Neya M, Ochi E, Nakazato K, Sato Y, Ishii N. Cross-transfer effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008, 40:258-63. 10.1249\/mss.0b013e31815c6d7e","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1038","article-title":"Adaptations in maximal motor unit discharge rate to strength training in young and older adults","volume":"24","author":"Patten C","year":"2001","unstructured":"Patten C, Kamen G, Rowland DM. Adaptations in maximal motor unit discharge rate to strength training in young and older adults. Muscle Nerve. 2001, 24:542-50. 10.1002\/mus.1038","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-001-0559-z","article-title":"Cross education of muscular strength during unilateral resistance training and detraining","volume":"86","author":"Shima N","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shima N, Ishida K, Katayama K, Morotome Y, Sato Y, Miyamura M. Cross education of muscular strength during unilateral resistance training and detraining. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002, 86:287-94. 10.1007\/s00421-001-0559-z","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04627-2","article-title":"Patterns of responses and time-course of changes in muscle size and strength during low-load blood flow restriction resistance training in women","volume":"121","author":"Hill EC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hill EC, Housh TJ, Keller JL, et al.. Patterns of responses and time-course of changes in muscle size and strength during low-load blood flow restriction resistance training in women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021, 121:1473-85. 10.1007\/s00421-021-04627-2","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231166959","article-title":"Optimal blood flow restriction occlusion pressure for shoulder muscle recruitment with upper extremity exercise","volume":"51","author":"Roehl T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roehl T, Lambert BS, Ankersen J, Hernandez K, McCulloch PC, Hedt C. Optimal blood flow restriction occlusion pressure for shoulder muscle recruitment with upper extremity exercise\r\n. Am J Sports Med. 2023, 51:1859-71. 10.1177\/03635465231166959","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2023.2207079","article-title":"Low-intensity climbing with blood flow restriction over 5 weeks increases grip and elbow flexor endurance in advanced climbers: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Held S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Held S, Rappelt L, Rein R, Wiedenmann T, Donath L. Low-intensity climbing with blood flow restriction over 5 weeks increases grip and elbow flexor endurance in advanced climbers: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Sport Sci. 2023, 23:2031-7. 10.1080\/17461391.2023.2207079","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.02.116","article-title":"Rotator cuff training with upper extremity blood flow restriction produces favorable adaptations in division IA collegiate pitchers: a randomized trial","volume":"32","author":"Lambert BS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lambert BS, Hedt C, Ankersen JP, et al.. Rotator cuff training with upper extremity blood flow restriction produces favorable adaptations in division IA collegiate pitchers: a randomized trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023, 32:e279-92. 10.1016\/j.jse.2023.02.116","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3806\/ijktr.2.5","article-title":"Use and safety of KAATSU training: results of a national survey","volume":"2","author":"Nakajima T","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nakajima T, Kurano M, Iida H, et al.. Use and safety of KAATSU training: results of a national survey. Int J KAATSU Training Res. 2006, 2:5-13. 10.3806\/ijktr.2.5","journal-title":"Int J KAATSU Training Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usac055","article-title":"Overall safety and risks associated with blood flow restriction therapy: a literature review","volume":"187","author":"Anderson KD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anderson KD, Rask DM, Bates TJ, Nuelle JA. Overall safety and risks associated with blood flow restriction therapy: a literature review. Mil Med. 2022, 187:1059-64. 10.1093\/milmed\/usac055","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025794","article-title":"Application and side effects of blood flow restriction technique: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of professionals","volume":"100","author":"de Queiros VS","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Queiros VS, Dantas M, Neto GR, et al.. Application and side effects of blood flow restriction technique: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of professionals. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021, 100:e25794. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000025794","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519882652","article-title":"The safety of blood flow restriction training as a therapeutic intervention for patients with musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Minniti MC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minniti MC, Statkevich AP, Kelly RL, Rigsby VP, Exline MM, Rhon DI, Clewley D. The safety of blood flow restriction training as a therapeutic intervention for patients with musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 2020, 48:1773-85. 10.1177\/0363546519882652","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00208.2015","article-title":"Blood flow restriction training and the exercise pressor reflex: a call for concern","volume":"309","author":"Spranger MD","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spranger MD, Krishnan AC, Levy PD, O'Leary DS, Smith SA. Blood flow restriction training and the exercise pressor reflex: a call for concern. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015, 309:H1440-52. 10.1152\/ajpheart.00208.2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00468.2019","article-title":"Clinical safety of blood flow-restricted training? A comprehensive review of altered muscle metaboreflex in cardiovascular disease during ischemic exercise","volume":"318","author":"Cristina-Oliveira M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cristina-Oliveira M, Meireles K, Spranger MD, O'Leary DS, Roschel H, Pe\u00e7anha T. Clinical safety of blood flow-restricted training? A comprehensive review of altered muscle metaboreflex in cardiovascular disease during ischemic exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2020, 318:H90-H109. 10.1152\/ajpheart.00468.2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.808622","article-title":"A useful blood flow restriction training risk stratification for exercise and rehabilitation","volume":"13","author":"Nascimento DD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nascimento DD, Rolnick N, Neto IV, Severin R, Beal FL. A useful blood flow restriction training risk stratification for exercise and rehabilitation. Front Physiol. 2022, 13:808622. 10.3389\/fphys.2022.808622","journal-title":"Front Physiol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/322583-effects-of-blood-flow-restriction-training-on-the-upper-extremities-a-scoping-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T13:42:06Z","timestamp":1740836526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/322583-effects-of-blood-flow-restriction-training-on-the-upper-extremities-a-scoping-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.79876","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]}}}