{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:30:31Z","timestamp":1741411831792,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.80224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T21:12:52Z","timestamp":1741381972000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glycoprotein Matrix-Bound Iron Improves Absorption Compared to Ferrous Bisglycinate Chelate and Ferrous Fumarate: A Randomized Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ariane H","family":"Secrest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlene","family":"Norgan Radler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaci","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolas","family":"Keratsopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Faterkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Kolodziejczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathis","family":"Rollin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mandy  E","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Purpua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant M","family":"Tinsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lem W","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01833","article-title":"Iron absorption: factors, limitations, and improvement methods","volume":"7","author":"Piskin E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Piskin E, Cianciosi D, Gulec S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E. Iron absorption: factors, limitations, and improvement methods. ACS Omega. 2022, 7:20441-56. 10.1021\/acsomega.2c01833","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47604\/ijf.1024","article-title":"Health benefits of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and their associated deficiency diseases: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Godswill AG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Godswill AG, Somtochukwu IV, Ikechukwu AO, Kate EC. Health benefits of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and their associated deficiency diseases: a systematic review. Int J Food Sci. 2020, 3:1-32. 10.47604\/ijf.1024","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1602","article-title":"Iron chemistry at the service of life","volume":"69","author":"S\u00e1nchez M","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez M, Sabio L, G\u00e1lvez N, Capdevila M, Dominguez-Vera JM. Iron chemistry at the service of life. IUBMB Life. 2017, 69:382-8. 10.1002\/iub.1602","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118925645.ch2","article-title":"The essential role of iron in biology","author":"Crichton R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crichton R. The essential role of iron in biology. Iron Metabolism. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd, United Kingdom; 2016. 22:70. 10.1002\/9781118925645.ch2"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Iron fact sheet for health professionals. (2024). Accessed: November 23, 2024: https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/iron-healthprofessional\/."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.28674F","article-title":"Iron bioavailability and dietary reference values","volume":"91","author":"Hurrell R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hurrell R, Egli I. Iron bioavailability and dietary reference values. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010, 91:1461S-7S. 10.3945\/ajcn.2010.28674F","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxx036","article-title":"Biomarkers of nutrition for development (BOND)-iron review","volume":"148","author":"Lynch S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lynch S, Pfeiffer CM, Georgieff MK, et al.. Biomarkers of nutrition for development (BOND)-iron review. J Nutr. 2018, 148:1001S-67S. 10.1093\/jn\/nxx036","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/lmf28s2gimxnwhmm","article-title":"The molecular biology of human iron metabolism","volume":"45","author":"Winter WE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winter WE, Bazydlo LA, Harris NS. The molecular biology of human iron metabolism. Lab Med. 2014, 45:92-102. 10.1309\/lmf28s2gimxnwhmm","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.034","article-title":"A red carpet for iron metabolism","volume":"168","author":"Muckenthaler MU","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muckenthaler MU, Rivella S, Hentze MW, Galy B. A red carpet for iron metabolism. Cell. 2017, 168:344-61. 10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.034","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00367-9","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys","volume":"10","author":"Stevens GA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stevens GA, Beal T, Mbuya MN, Luo H, Neufeld LM. Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys. Lancet Glob Health. 2022, 10:e1590-9. 10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00367-9","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.197517","article-title":"Macrophage ferroportin is essential for stromal cell proliferation in wound healing","volume":"104","author":"Recalcati S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Recalcati S, Gammella E, Buratti P, Doni A, Anselmo A, Locati M, Cairo G. Macrophage ferroportin is essential for stromal cell proliferation in wound healing. Haematologica. 2019, 104:47-58. 10.3324\/haematol.2018.197517","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-05-815944","article-title":"Iron deficiency","volume":"133","author":"Camaschella C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Camaschella C. Iron deficiency. Blood. 2019, 133:30-9. 10.1182\/blood-2018-05-815944","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Anaemia. (2023). Accessed: November 23, 2024: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/anaemia.."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2021-000759","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management","volume":"9","author":"Kumar A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar A, Sharma E, Marley A, Samaan MA, Brookes MJ. Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2022, 9:10.1136\/bmjgast-2021-000759","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-019-0329-0","article-title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: probiotics","volume":"16","author":"J\u00e4ger R","year":"2019","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger R, Mohr AE, Carpenter KC, et al.. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: probiotics. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019, 16:62. 10.1186\/s12970-019-0329-0","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000029","article-title":"Intestinal iron absorption: regulation by dietary & systemic factors","volume":"80","author":"Sharp PA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharp PA. Intestinal iron absorption: regulation by dietary &amp; systemic factors. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2010, 80:231-42. 10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000029","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071012","article-title":"Glycoprotein matrix zinc exhibits improved absorption: a randomized crossover trial","volume":"16","author":"J\u00e4ger R","year":"2024","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger R, Purpura M, Davis J, et al.. Glycoprotein matrix zinc exhibits improved absorption: a randomized crossover trial. Nutrients. 2024, 16:10.3390\/nu16071012","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01535722","article-title":"GSRS--a clinical rating scale for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease","volume":"33","author":"Svedlund J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Svedlund J, Sj\u00f6din I, Dotevall G. GSRS--a clinical rating scale for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1988, 33:129-34. 10.1007\/BF01535722","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-87-21407","article-title":"Bound iron and unsaturated iron-binding capacity of serum; rapid and reliable quantitative determination","volume":"87","author":"Schade AL","year":"1954","unstructured":"Schade AL, Oyama J, Reinhart RW, Miller JR. Bound iron and unsaturated iron-binding capacity of serum; rapid and reliable quantitative determination. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1954, 87:443-8. 10.3181\/00379727-87-21407","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"FDA. Daily value on the nutrition and supplement facts labels. (2024). Accessed: November 23, 2024: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/nutrition-facts-label\/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels.."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.nlme","article-title":"Nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. 3.1R Package","author":"Pinheiro J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, et al.. Nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. 3.1R Package. 2023. 10.32614\/CRAN.package.nlme"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/78.4.719","article-title":"Estimation in generalized linear models with random effects","volume":"78","author":"Schall R","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schall R. Estimation in generalized linear models with random effects. Biometrika. 1991, 78:719-27. 10.1093\/biomet\/78.4.719","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.01.1.p042","article-title":"Confidence intervals in within-subject designs: a simpler solution to Loftus and Masson's method","volume":"1","author":"Cousineau D","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cousineau D. Confidence intervals in within-subject designs: a simpler solution to Loftus and Masson's method. Tutor Quant methods Psychol. 2005, 1:42-5. 10.20982\/tqmp.01.1.p042","journal-title":"Tutor Quant methods Psychol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.04.2.p061","article-title":"Confidence intervals from normalized data: a correction to Cousineau (2005)","volume":"4","author":"Morey R","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morey R. Confidence intervals from normalized data: a correction to Cousineau (2005). Tutor Quant Methods Psychol. 2008, 4:61-4. 10.20982\/tqmp.04.2.p061","journal-title":"Tutor Quant Methods Psychol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR2005100","article-title":"Glycaemic index methodology","volume":"18","author":"Brouns F","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brouns F, Bjorck I, Frayn KN, Gibbs AL, Lang V, Slama G, Wolever TM. Glycaemic index methodology. Nutr Res Rev. 2005, 18:145-71. 10.1079\/NRR2005100","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-015-9432-2","article-title":"Simple, automatic noncompartmental analysis: the PKNCA R package","volume":"42","author":"Denney W","year":"2015","unstructured":"Denney W, Duvvuri S, Buckeridge C. Simple, automatic noncompartmental analysis: the PKNCA R package. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2015, 42:65. 10.1007\/s10928-015-9432-2","journal-title":"J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.rstatix","article-title":"Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests. 0.7R Package 2023","author":"Kassambara A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kassambara A. Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests. 0.7R Package 2023. 2023. 10.32614\/CRAN.package.rstatix"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2020.041","article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia in children residing in high and low-income countries: risk factors, prevention, diagnosis and therapy","volume":"12","author":"Mantadakis E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mantadakis E, Chatzimichael E, Zikidou P. Iron deficiency anemia in children residing in high and low-income countries: risk factors, prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2020, 12:e2020041. 10.4084\/MJHID.2020.041","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","year":"2018","unstructured":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017. a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018, 392:1859-922. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00429","article-title":"Maternal iron status: relation to fetal growth, length of gestation, and iron endowment of the neonate","volume":"69","author":"Scholl TO","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scholl TO. Maternal iron status: relation to fetal growth, length of gestation, and iron endowment of the neonate. Nutrition Rev. 2011, 69:23-9. 10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00429","journal-title":"Nutrition Rev"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2014.02.007","article-title":"Food protein-derived chelating peptides: biofunctional ingredients for dietary mineral bioavailability enhancement","volume":"37","author":"Guo L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guo L, Harnedy PA, Li B, et al.. Food protein-derived chelating peptides: biofunctional ingredients for dietary mineral bioavailability enhancement. Trend Food Sci Technol. 2014, 37:92-105. 10.1016\/j.tifs.2014.02.007","journal-title":"Trend Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12229","article-title":"Food-grade covalent complexes and their application as nutraceutical delivery systems: a review","volume":"16","author":"Liu F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu F, Ma C, Gao Y, McClements DJ. Food-grade covalent complexes and their application as nutraceutical delivery systems: a review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2017, 16:76-95. 10.1111\/1541-4337.12229","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12170","article-title":"Enhancing nutraceutical performance using excipient foods: designing food structures and compositions to increase bioavailability","volume":"14","author":"McClements DJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"McClements DJ, Zou L, Zhang R, Salvia-Trujillo L, Kumosani T, Xiao H. Enhancing nutraceutical performance using excipient foods: designing food structures and compositions to increase bioavailability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf\r\n. 2015, 14:824-47. 10.1111\/1541-4337.12170","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061886","article-title":"Iron and physical activity: bioavailability enhancers, properties of black pepper (Bioperine\u00ae) and potential applications","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00e1zaro D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00e1zaro D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, C\u00f3rdova Mart\u00ednez A, Seco-Calvo J. Iron and physical activity: bioavailability enhancers, properties of black pepper (Bioperine\u00ae) and potential applications. Nutrients. 2020, 12:10.3390\/nu12061886","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"An evaluation of bioavailabiity enhancement of organic elemental iron with bioperine in rabbits","volume":"5","author":"Majeed M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Majeed M, Vaidyanathan P, Kiradi P, Majeed S, Vuppla K. An evaluation of bioavailabiity enhancement of organic elemental iron with bioperine in rabbits. Ijppr Human. 2016, 5:72-9.","journal-title":"Ijppr Human"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0630015","article-title":"Fermentation and lactic acid addition enhance iron bioavailability of maize","volume":"55","author":"Proulx AK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Proulx AK, Reddy MB. Fermentation and lactic acid addition enhance iron bioavailability of maize. J Agric Food Chem. 2007, 55:2749-54. 10.1021\/jf0630015","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation7020063","article-title":"Enhancing micronutrients bioavailability through fermentation of plant-based foods: a concise review","volume":"7","author":"Samtiya M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samtiya M, Aluko RE, Puniya AK, Dhewa T. Enhancing micronutrients bioavailability through fermentation of plant-based foods: a concise review. Fermentation. 2021, 7:63. 10.3390\/fermentation7020063","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0857-6","article-title":"Increased iron bioavailability from lactic-fermented vegetables is likely an effect of promoting the formation of ferric iron (Fe(3+))","volume":"55","author":"Scheers N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scheers N, Rossander-Hulthen L, Torsdottir I, Sandberg AS. Increased iron bioavailability from lactic-fermented vegetables is likely an effect of promoting the formation of ferric iron (Fe(3+)). Eur J Nutr. 2016, 55:373-82. 10.1007\/s00394-015-0857-6","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-13-71","article-title":"Effect of supplementation with ferrous sulfate or iron bis-glycinate chelate on ferritin concentration in Mexican schoolchildren: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Duque X","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duque X, Martinez H, Vilchis-Gil J, et al.. Effect of supplementation with ferrous sulfate or iron bis-glycinate chelate on ferritin concentration in Mexican schoolchildren: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J. 2014, 13:71. 10.1186\/1475-2891-13-71","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1563","article-title":"Iron absorption from ferrous bisglycinate and ferric trisglycinate in whole maize is regulated by iron status","volume":"71","author":"Bovell-Benjamin AC","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bovell-Benjamin AC, Viteri FE, Allen LH. Iron absorption from ferrous bisglycinate and ferric trisglycinate in whole maize is regulated by iron status. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000, 71:1563-9. 10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1563","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(01)00519-6","article-title":"Effectiveness of treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children with ferrous bis-glycinate chelate","volume":"17","author":"Pineda O","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pineda O, Ashmead HD. Effectiveness of treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children with ferrous bis-glycinate chelate. Nutrition. 2001, 17:381-4. 10.1016\/S0899-9007(01)00519-6","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2013-0153","article-title":"Ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron is as effective as ferrous sulfate 50 mg iron in the prophylaxis of iron deficiency and anemia during pregnancy in a randomized trial","volume":"42","author":"Milman N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Milman N, J\u00f8nsson L, Dyre P, Pedersen PL, Larsen LG. Ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron is as effective as ferrous sulfate 50 mg iron in the prophylaxis of iron deficiency and anemia during pregnancy in a randomized trial. J Perinat Med. 2014, 42:197-206. 10.1515\/jpm-2013-0153","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13892","article-title":"The role of oral iron in the treatment of adults with iron deficiency","volume":"110","author":"Lo JO","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lo JO, Benson AE, Martens KL, et al.. The role of oral iron in the treatment of adults with iron deficiency. Eur J Haematol. 2023, 110:123-30. 10.1111\/ejh.13892","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6","article-title":"The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics","volume":"18","author":"Salminen S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, et al.. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021, 18:649-67. 10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Effects of food containing heat-killed lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 on immune function and physical conditions-a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled, parallel-group study","volume":"51","author":"Fujiki K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fujiki K, Kamiya T, Takagaki K, Yoshitaka I. Effects of food containing heat-killed lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 on immune function and physical conditions-a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Jpn Pharmacol Ther. 2023, 51:941-9.","journal-title":"Jpn Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050720","article-title":"It\u2019s dead! can postbiotics really help performance and recovery? a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Kerksick CM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kerksick CM, Moon JM, J\u00e4ger R. It\u2019s dead! can postbiotics really help performance and recovery? a systematic review. Nutrients. 2024, 16:10.3390\/nu16050720","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b17537","article-title":"Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials","author":"Jones B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones B, Kenward MG. Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials. Chapman and Hall\/CRC, New York; 2014. 10.1201\/b17537"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuac106","article-title":"The effects of oral ferrous bisglycinate supplementation on hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"81","author":"Fischer JA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fischer JA, Cherian AM, Bone JN, Karakochuk CD. The effects of oral ferrous bisglycinate supplementation on hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2023, 81:904-20. 10.1093\/nutrit\/nuac106","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/282044-glycoprotein-matrix-bound-iron-improves-absorption-compared-to-ferrous-bisglycinate-chelate-and-ferrous-fumarate-a-randomized-crossover-trial","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T21:12:55Z","timestamp":1741381975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/282044-glycoprotein-matrix-bound-iron-improves-absorption-compared-to-ferrous-bisglycinate-chelate-and-ferrous-fumarate-a-randomized-crossover-trial"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.80224","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]}}}