{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:07:36Z","timestamp":1768781256812,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.80573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T17:34:41Z","timestamp":1741973681000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Innovative Approach to Accelerate Maxillary Canine Retraction With Low-Amperage Direct Electric Current: A Preliminary Clinical Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mohammad N.","family":"Kheshfeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Y.","family":"Hajeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad S.","family":"Burhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mowaffak A.","family":"Ajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samer T.","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mhd Firas","family":"Al Hinnawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjt046","article-title":"Assessment of changes following en-masse retraction with mini-implants anchorage compared to two-step retraction with conventional anchorage in patients with class II division 1 malocclusion: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Al-Sibaie S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Sibaie S, Hajeer MY. Assessment of changes following en-masse retraction with mini-implants anchorage compared to two-step retraction with conventional anchorage in patients with class II division 1 malocclusion: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2014, 36:275-83. 10.1093\/ejo\/cjt046","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.05.003","article-title":"Does alveolar corticotomy accelerate orthodontic tooth movement when retracting upper canines? A split-mouth design randomized controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Al-Naoum F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Naoum F, Hajeer MY, Al-Jundi A. Does alveolar corticotomy accelerate orthodontic tooth movement when retracting upper canines? A split-mouth design randomized controlled trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014, 72:1880-9. 10.1016\/j.joms.2014.05.003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-020-00334-4","article-title":"Duration of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in adolescents and adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Abbing A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbing A, Koretsi V, Eliades T, Papageorgiou SN. Duration of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in adolescents and adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Prog Orthod. 2020, 21:37. 10.1186\/s40510-020-00334-4","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn018","article-title":"Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Mavreas D","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mavreas D, Athanasiou AE. Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 2008, 30:386-95. 10.1093\/ejo\/cjn018","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2485","article-title":"En-masse retraction of upper anterior teeth in adult patients with maxillary or bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Khlef HN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khlef HN, Hajeer MY, Ajaj MA, Heshmeh O. En-masse retraction of upper anterior teeth in adult patients with maxillary or bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019, 20:113-27. 10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2485","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy042","article-title":"Efficacy of piezocision-based flapless corticotomy in the orthodontic correction of severely crowded lower anterior teeth: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Gibreal O","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gibreal O, Hajeer MY, Brad B. Efficacy of piezocision-based flapless corticotomy in the orthodontic correction of severely crowded lower anterior teeth: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2019, 41:188-95. 10.1093\/ejo\/cjy042","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.012","article-title":"Interdental osteotomies induce regional acceleratory phenomenon and accelerate orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"72","author":"Teng GY","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teng GY, Liou EJ. Interdental osteotomies induce regional acceleratory phenomenon and accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014, 72:19-29. 10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/100613-737.1","article-title":"Interseptal bone reduction on the rate of maxillary canine retraction","volume":"84","author":"Leethanakul C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leethanakul C, Kanokkulchai S, Pongpanich S, Leepong N, Charoemratrote C. Interseptal bone reduction on the rate of maxillary canine retraction. Angle Orthod. 2014, 84:839-45. 10.2319\/100613-737.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44190","article-title":"Effectiveness of flapless cortico-alveolar perforations using mechanical drills versus traditional corticotomy on the retraction of maxillary canines in class ii division 1 malocclusion: a three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Alfailany DT","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alfailany DT, Hajeer MY, Al-Bitar MI, Alsino HI, Jaber ST, Brad B, Darwich K. Effectiveness of flapless cortico-alveolar perforations using mechanical drills versus traditional corticotomy on the retraction of maxillary canines in class ii division 1 malocclusion: a three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial. Cureus. 2023, 15:e44190. 10.7759\/cureus.44190","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000382048","article-title":"Nonsurgical methods for the acceleration of the orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"18","author":"Almpani K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Almpani K, Kantarci A. Nonsurgical methods for the acceleration of the orthodontic tooth movement. Front Oral Biol. 2016, 18:80-91. 10.1159\/000382048","journal-title":"Front Oral Biol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-018-0161-9","article-title":"Evaluation of piezocision and laser-assisted flapless corticotomy in the acceleration of canine retraction: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Alfawal AM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alfawal AM, Hajeer MY, Ajaj MA, Hamadah O, Brad B. Evaluation of piezocision and laser-assisted flapless corticotomy in the acceleration of canine retraction: a randomized controlled trial. Head Face Med. 2018, 14:4. 10.1186\/s13005-018-0161-9","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51779","article-title":"Evaluation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) associated with the acceleration of canine retraction by piezosurgery in comparison with low-level laser therapy: a three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Alfailany DT","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alfailany DT, Hajeer MY, Awawdeh MA, et al.. Evaluation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) associated with the acceleration of canine retraction by piezosurgery in comparison with low-level laser therapy: a three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial. Cureus. 2024, 16:e51779. 10.7759\/cureus.51779","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the acceleration of tooth movement","volume":"11","author":"Showkatbakhsh R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Showkatbakhsh R, Jamilian A, Showkatbakhsh M. The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the acceleration of tooth movement. World J Orthod. 2010, 11:52-6.","journal-title":"World J Orthod"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1759-6","article-title":"Electrical stimulation enhances tissue reorganization during orthodontic tooth movement in rats","volume":"21","author":"Spadari GS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spadari GS, Zaniboni E, Vedovello SA, et al.. Electrical stimulation enhances tissue reorganization during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Clin Oral Investig. 2017, 21:111-20. 10.1007\/s00784-016-1759-6","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijptr.ijptr_77_19","article-title":"Microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation in dentistry: a narrative review","volume":"2","author":"Sarnaik R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarnaik R, Ammanagi R, Byhatti S. Microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation in dentistry: a narrative review. Ind J Physic Ther Res. 2020, 2:8-13. 10.4103\/ijptr.ijptr_77_19","journal-title":"Ind J Physic Ther Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90222-5","article-title":"Electric currents, bone remodeling, and orthodontic tooth movement. II. Increase in rate of tooth movement and periodontal cyclic nucleotide levels by combined force and electric current","volume":"77","author":"Davidovitch Z","year":"1980","unstructured":"Davidovitch Z, Finkelson MD, Steigman S, Shanfeld JL, Montgomery PC, Korostoff E. Electric currents, bone remodeling, and orthodontic tooth movement. II. Increase in rate of tooth movement and periodontal cyclic nucleotide levels by combined force and electric current. Am J Orthod. 1980, 77:33-47. 10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90222-5","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2008.38.5.337","article-title":"The effects of electrical current from a micro-electrical device on tooth movement","volume":"38","author":"Kim DH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim DH, Park YG, Kang SG. The effects of electrical current from a micro-electrical device on tooth movement. Korean J Orthod. 2008, 38:337-46. 10.4041\/kjod.2008.38.5.337","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/031512-224.1","article-title":"Interventions for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"83","author":"Long H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Long H, Pyakurel U, Wang Y, Liao L, Zhou Y, Lai W. Interventions for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2013, 83:164-71. 10.2319\/031512-224.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15644\/asc49\/4\/9","article-title":"Mapping electrical impedance spectra of the healthy oral mucosa: a pilot study","volume":"49","author":"Richter I","year":"2015","unstructured":"Richter I, Alajbeg I, Boras VV, Rogulj AA, Brailo V. Mapping electrical impedance spectra of the healthy oral mucosa: a pilot study. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2015, 49:331-9. 10.15644\/asc49\/4\/9","journal-title":"Acta Stomatol Croat"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/110432","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of piezocision-assisted flapless corticotomy in the retraction of four upper incisors: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"56","author":"Al-Imam GM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Imam GM, Ajaj MA, Hajeer MY, Al-Mdalal Y, Almashaal E. Evaluation of the effectiveness of piezocision-assisted flapless corticotomy in the retraction of four upper incisors: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Dent Med Probl. 2019, 56:385-94. 10.17219\/dmp\/110432","journal-title":"Dent Med Probl"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-90099-1_20","article-title":"Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon in Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapies. Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy: An Interdisciplinary Approach","author":"Murphy KG","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murphy KG. Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon in Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapies. Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Mandelaris GA, Vence BS (ed): Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland; 2023. 10.1007\/978-3-030-90099-1_20"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-0203.149608","article-title":"Canine retraction: a systematic review of different methods used","volume":"4","author":"Kulshrestha RS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kulshrestha RS, Tandon R, Chandra P. Canine retraction: a systematic review of different methods used. J Orthod Sci. 2015, 4:1-8. 10.4103\/2278-0203.149608","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01271-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices in canine retraction and anchorage preservation during the two-step technique: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Tian H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian H, Xie C, Lin M, Yang H, Ren A. Effectiveness of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices in canine retraction and anchorage preservation during the two-step technique: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2020, 20:278. 10.1186\/s12903-020-01271-8","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-021-00374-4","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of two different canine retraction techniques: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Ak\u0131n \u015e","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ak\u0131n \u015e, Camc\u0131 H. Three-dimensional assessment of two different canine retraction techniques: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Prog Orthod. 2021, 22:24. 10.1186\/s40510-021-00374-4","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/021216-120.1","article-title":"Effectiveness of the transpalatal arch in controlling orthodontic anchorage in maxillary premolar extraction cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Diar-Bakirly S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Diar-Bakirly S, Feres MF, Saltaji H, Flores-Mir C, El-Bialy T. Effectiveness of the transpalatal arch in controlling orthodontic anchorage in maxillary premolar extraction cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Angle Orthod. 2017, 87:147-58. 10.2319\/021216-120.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216757","article-title":"How effective are non-frictional techniques compared to sliding techniques in the retraction of upper anterior teeth when using buccal fixed-appliance therapy? A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Kheshfeh MN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kheshfeh MN, Hajeer MY, Al Hinnawi MF, Awawdeh MA, Aljhani AS, Alhazmi N. How effective are non-frictional techniques compared to sliding techniques in the retraction of upper anterior teeth when using buccal fixed-appliance therapy? A systematic review. J Clin Med. 2023, 12:4-6. 10.3390\/jcm12216757","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13010231","article-title":"What is the most effective frictionless method for retracting anterior teeth when using buccal fixed-appliance therapy? A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Kheshfeh MN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kheshfeh MN, Hajeer MY, Al Hinnawi MF, et al.. What is the most effective frictionless method for retracting anterior teeth when using buccal fixed-appliance therapy? A systematic review. J Clin Med. 2023, 13:14-6. 10.3390\/jcm13010231","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjab047","article-title":"Orthodontic space closure in sliding mechanics: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Sebastian B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sebastian B, Bhuvaraghan A, Thiruvenkatachari B. Orthodontic space closure in sliding mechanics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2022, 44:210-25. 10.1093\/ejo\/cjab047","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2008.00421.x","article-title":"Factors influencing efficiency of sliding mechanics to close extraction space: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Barlow M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barlow M, Kula K. Factors influencing efficiency of sliding mechanics to close extraction space: a systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2008, 11:65-73. 10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2008.00421.x","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.jos_29_23","article-title":"Canine retraction and anchorage loss using self-ligating and conventional brackets with sliding mechanics: a split-mouth clinical study","volume":"12","author":"Tiwari A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tiwari A, Aafaque S, Rizwana Y, et al.. Canine retraction and anchorage loss using self-ligating and conventional brackets with sliding mechanics: a split-mouth clinical study. J Orthod Sci. 2023, 12:70. 10.4103\/jos.jos_29_23","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/032611-215.1","article-title":"The clinical and laboratory effects of bracket type during canine distalization with sliding mechanics","volume":"82","author":"Oz AA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oz AA, Arici N, Arici S. The clinical and laboratory effects of bracket type during canine distalization with sliding mechanics. Angle Orthod. 2012, 82:326-32. 10.2319\/032611-215.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/052323-370.1","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of piezocision-aided canine retraction augmented with micro-osteoperforation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Husain S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Husain S, Sundari S. Comparison of the effectiveness of piezocision-aided canine retraction augmented with micro-osteoperforation: a randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod. 2024, 94:17-24. 10.2319\/052323-370.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2024.100921","article-title":"Effectiveness of low-intensity electrical current in accelerating the en-masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth following first-premolar extraction in young adult patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Shaadouh RI","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shaadouh RI, Hajeer MY, Awawdeh MA, Jaber ST, Mahmoud GA, Almasri IA. Effectiveness of low-intensity electrical current in accelerating the en-masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth following first-premolar extraction in young adult patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int Orthod. 2024, 22:100921. 10.1016\/j.ortho.2024.100921","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.22337","article-title":"Systematic review: is high-energy laser therapy (HELT) with flapless corticotomy effective in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement?","volume":"14","author":"Shaadouh RI","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaadouh RI, Hajeer MY, Mahmoud G, Murad RM. Systematic review: is high-energy laser therapy (HELT) with flapless corticotomy effective in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement?. Cureus. 2022, 14:e22337. 10.7759\/cureus.22337","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/112446","article-title":"Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in accelerating the orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Bakdach WM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bakdach WM, Hadad R. Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in accelerating the orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Med Probl. 2020, 57:73-94. 10.17219\/dmp\/112446","journal-title":"Dent Med Probl"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.08.009","article-title":"Duration of canine retraction with fixed appliances: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"163","author":"Wazwaz F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wazwaz F, Seehra J, Carpenter GH, Papageorgiou SN, Cobourne MT. Duration of canine retraction with fixed appliances: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023, 163:154-72. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.08.009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101804","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of traditional corticotomy and flapless piezotomy in facilitating orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Han SH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han SH, Park WJ, Park JB. Comparative efficacy of traditional corticotomy and flapless piezotomy in facilitating orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023, 59:16-8. 10.3390\/medicina59101804","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.23105","article-title":"The effectiveness of repetition or multiplicity of different surgical and non-surgical procedures compared to a single procedure application in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Alfailany DT","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alfailany DT, Hajeer MY, Aljabban O, Mahaini L. The effectiveness of repetition or multiplicity of different surgical and non-surgical procedures compared to a single procedure application in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus. 2022, 14:e23105. 10.7759\/cureus.23105","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjac038","article-title":"Evaluation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) during surgically-assisted acceleration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Mousa MM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mousa MM, Hajeer MY, Burhan AS, Almahdi WH. Evaluation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) during surgically-assisted acceleration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2022, 44:622-35. 10.1093\/ejo\/cjac038","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33524","article-title":"Pain, discomfort, and functional impairments when retracting upper anterior teeth using two-step retraction with transpalatal arches versus en-masse retraction with mini-implants: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Mousa MM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mousa MM, Al-Sibaie S, Hajeer MY. Pain, discomfort, and functional impairments when retracting upper anterior teeth using two-step retraction with transpalatal arches versus en-masse retraction with mini-implants: a randomized controlled trial. Cureus. 2023, 15:e33524. 10.7759\/cureus.33524","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/347341-an-innovative-approach-to-accelerate-maxillary-canine-retraction-with-low-amperage-direct-electric-current-a-preliminary-clinical-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T17:34:44Z","timestamp":1741973684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/347341-an-innovative-approach-to-accelerate-maxillary-canine-retraction-with-low-amperage-direct-electric-current-a-preliminary-clinical-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.80573","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]}}}