{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T15:41:52Z","timestamp":1760370112366,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.80597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T04:47:52Z","timestamp":1742014072000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unmasking the Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 With a Focus on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Community-Based Study From India"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Arti","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vishnu","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeev","family":"Aravindakshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pulla","family":"Sirisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01136-X","article-title":"Long COVID: a clinical update","volume":"404","author":"Greenhalgh T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Greenhalgh T, Sivan M, Perlowski A, Nikolich J\u017d. Long COVID: a clinical update. The Lancet. 2024, 404:707-24. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01136-X","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19264-5","article-title":"Post-COVID syndrome prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Sk Abd Razak R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sk Abd Razak R, Ismail A, Abdul Aziz AF, Suddin LS, Azzeri A, Sha'ari NI. Post-COVID syndrome prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2024, 24:1785. 10.1186\/s12889-024-19264-5","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00904-7","article-title":"The immunology of long COVID","volume":"23","author":"Altmann DM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Altmann DM, Whettlock EM, Liu S, Arachchillage DJ, Boyton RJ. The immunology of long COVID. Nat Rev Immunol. 2023, 23:618-34. 10.1038\/s41577-023-00904-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac136","article-title":"Global prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) condition or long COVID: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"226","author":"Chen C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen C, Haupert SR, Zimmermann L, Shi X, Fritsche LG, Mukherjee B. Global prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) condition or long COVID: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Infect Dis. 2022, 226:1593-607. 10.1093\/infdis\/jiac136","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.10.016","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for persistent symptoms after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Luo D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo D, Mei B, Wang P, et al.. Prevalence and risk factors for persistent symptoms after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2024, 30:328-35. 10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.10.016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21040473","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms in long COVID: a mixed method systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Diar Bakerly N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Diar Bakerly N, Smith N, Darbyshire JL, et al.. Pathophysiological mechanisms in long COVID: a mixed method systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024, 21:473. 10.3390\/ijerph21040473","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090802","article-title":"Long COVID: mechanisms, risk factors and recovery","volume":"108","author":"Astin R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Astin R, Banerjee A, Baker MR, et al.. Long COVID: mechanisms, risk factors and recovery. Exp Physiol. 2023, 108:12-27. 10.1113\/EP090802","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Postacute Coronavirus (COVID-19) Syndrome","author":"Chippa V","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chippa V, Aleem A, Anjum F. Postacute Coronavirus (COVID-19) Syndrome. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2024."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102815","article-title":"Fatigue, perceived stigma, self-reported cognitive deficits and psychological morbidity in patients recovered from COVID-19 infection","volume":"64","author":"Grover S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grover S, Sahoo S, Mishra E, et al.. Fatigue, perceived stigma, self-reported cognitive deficits and psychological morbidity in patients recovered from COVID-19 infection. Asian J Psychiatr. 2021, 64:102815. 10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102815","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101656","article-title":"Post-COVID urban-rural difference in prevalence, patterns and predictors of self-medication: a cross-sectional study from Kerala","volume":"28","author":"Raj N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Raj N, Joy TM, Olickal JJ, Thankappan KR. Post-COVID urban-rural difference in prevalence, patterns and predictors of self-medication: a cross-sectional study from Kerala. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2024, 28:101656. 10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101656","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000946","article-title":"Vaccination coverage and breakthrough infections of COVID-19 during the second wave among staff of selected medical institutions in India","volume":"3","author":"Rahi M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahi M, Yadav CP, Ahmad SS, et al.. Vaccination coverage and breakthrough infections of COVID-19 during the second wave among staff of selected medical institutions in India. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023, 3:e0000946. 10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000946","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"A chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) severity score based on case designation criteria","volume":"5","author":"Baraniuk JN","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baraniuk JN, Adewuyi O, Merck SJ, et al.. A chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) severity score based on case designation criteria. Am J Transl Res. 2013, 5:53-68.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"OpenEpi. Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health. (2006). Accessed: January 15, 2025: http:\/\/www.OpenEpi.com."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95565-8","article-title":"More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lopez-Leon S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A, Villapol S. More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021, 11:16144. 10.1038\/s41598-021-95565-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006968","article-title":"EpiCollect: linking smartphones to web applications for epidemiology, ecology and community data collection.","volume":"4","author":"Aanensen DM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aanensen DM, Huntley DM, Feil EJ, al-Own F, Spratt BG. EpiCollect: linking smartphones to web applications for epidemiology, ecology and community data collection.. PLoS One. 2009, 4:e6968. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0006968","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16541","article-title":"The other COVID-19 survivors: timing, duration, and health impact of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"33","author":"Lambert N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lambert N, El-Azab SA, Ramrakhiani NS, et al.. The other COVID-19 survivors: timing, duration, and health impact of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Nurs. 2024, 33:76-88. 10.1111\/jocn.16541","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_131_22","article-title":"Post COVID-19 clinical manifestations and its risk factors among patients in a Northern District in Kerala, India","volume":"11","author":"Raj SV","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raj SV, Jacob A, Ambu V, Wilson T, Renuka R. Post COVID-19 clinical manifestations and its risk factors among patients in a Northern District in Kerala, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022, 11:5312-9. 10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_131_22","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01292-y","article-title":"Attributes and predictors of long COVID","volume":"27","author":"Sudre CH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sudre CH, Murray B, Varsavsky T, et al.. Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nat Med. 2021, 27:626-31. 10.1038\/s41591-021-01292-y","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00810-3","article-title":"6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study","volume":"401","author":"Huang C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, et al.. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. The Lancet. 2023, 401:e21-33. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00810-3","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.002","article-title":"Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Bai F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bai F, Tomasoni D, Falcinella C, et al.. Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022, 28:611.e9-611.e16. 10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2022.2081454","article-title":"Sex differences in sequelae from COVID-19 infection and in long COVID syndrome: a review","volume":"38","author":"Sylvester SV","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sylvester SV, Rusu R, Chan B, Bellows M, O'Keefe C, Nicholson S. Sex differences in sequelae from COVID-19 infection and in long COVID syndrome: a review. Curr Med Res Opin. 2022, 38:1391-9. 10.1080\/03007995.2022.2081454","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa284","article-title":"Higher mortality of COVID-19 in males: sex differences in immune response and cardiovascular comorbidities","volume":"116","author":"Bienvenu LA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bienvenu LA, Noonan J, Wang X, Peter K. Higher mortality of COVID-19 in males: sex differences in immune response and cardiovascular comorbidities. Cardiovasc Res. 2020, 116:2197-206. 10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa284","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1985","article-title":"Features of 20\u2009133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study","volume":"369","author":"Docherty AB","year":"2020","unstructured":"Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, et al.. Features of 20\u2009133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ. 2020, 369:m1985. 10.1136\/bmj.m1985","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.08.008","article-title":"Prevalence, trajectory over time, and risk factor of post-COVID-19 fatigue","volume":"155","author":"Mazza MG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mazza MG, Palladini M, Villa G, De Lorenzo R, Rovere Querini P, Benedetti F. Prevalence, trajectory over time, and risk factor of post-COVID-19 fatigue. J Psychiatr Res. 2022, 155:112-9. 10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.08.008","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269954","article-title":"A pilot study of the moderating effect of gender on the physical activity and fatigue severity among recovered COVID-19 patients","volume":"17","author":"Aldhahi MI","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aldhahi MI, Alshehri MM, Alqahtani F, Alqahtani AS. A pilot study of the moderating effect of gender on the physical activity and fatigue severity among recovered COVID-19 patients. PLoS One. 2022, 17:e0269954. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0269954","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003773","article-title":"Incidence, co-occurrence, and evolution of long-COVID features: a 6-month retrospective cohort study of 273,618 survivors of COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Taquet M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taquet M, Dercon Q, Luciano S, Geddes JR, Husain M, Harrison PJ. Incidence, co-occurrence, and evolution of long-COVID features: a 6-month retrospective cohort study of 273,618 survivors of COVID-19. PLoS Med. 2021, 18:e1003773. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003773","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00460-6","article-title":"Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID Symptom Study app: a prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Antonelli M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antonelli M, Penfold RS, Merino J, et al.. Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID Symptom Study app: a prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022, 22:43-55. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00460-6","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine","volume":"383","author":"Polack FP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, et al.. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020, 383:2603-15. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101624","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Notarte KI","year":"2022","unstructured":"Notarte KI, Catahay JA, Velasco JV, et al.. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: a systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2022, 53:101624. 10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101624","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11111660","article-title":"Quality of life, fatigue, and physical symptoms post-COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional comparative study","volume":"11","author":"AlRasheed MM","year":"2023","unstructured":"AlRasheed MM, Al-Aqeel S, Aboheimed GI, et al.. Quality of life, fatigue, and physical symptoms post-COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional comparative study. Healthcare (Basel). 2023, 11:1660. 10.3390\/healthcare11111660","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000385","article-title":"Effect of covid-19 vaccination on long covid: systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Byambasuren O","year":"2023","unstructured":"Byambasuren O, Stehlik P, Clark J, Alcorn K, Glasziou P. Effect of covid-19 vaccination on long covid: systematic review. BMJ Med. 2023, 2:e000385. 10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000385","journal-title":"BMJ Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/344326-unmasking-the-long-term-effects-of-covid-19-with-a-focus-on-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-a-community-based-study-from-india","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T04:47:55Z","timestamp":1742014075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/344326-unmasking-the-long-term-effects-of-covid-19-with-a-focus-on-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-a-community-based-study-from-india"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.80597","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]}}}