{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T05:15:11Z","timestamp":1775106911533,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.80763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T14:42:52Z","timestamp":1742308972000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acute Intoxication With Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Pina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"The death of socrates: a historical and experimental study of the action of coniine and conium maculatum","volume":"83","author":"De Boer J","year":"1950","unstructured":"De Boer J. The death of socrates: a historical and experimental study of the action of coniine and conium maculatum. Arch Int Pharmacodyn. 1950, 83:473-90.","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2004.04.009","article-title":"Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.)","volume":"42","author":"Vetter J","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vetter J. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Food Chem Toxicol. 2004, 42:1373-82. 10.1016\/j.fct.2004.04.009","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Poison hemlock","volume":"120","author":"Schmida TO","year":"1974","unstructured":"Schmida TO. Poison hemlock. West J Med. 1974, 120:77-8.","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00204-9","article-title":"Biochemistry of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) alkaloids and their acute and chronic toxicity in livestock. A review","volume":"37","author":"L\u00f3pez T","year":"1999","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez T, Cid M, Bianchini M. Biochemistry of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) alkaloids and their acute and chronic toxicity in livestock. A review. Toxicon. 1999, 37:841-65. 10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00204-9","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Utad Jardim Bot\u00e2nico | Conium maculatum. (2024). Accessed. 06\/05\/2024: https:\/\/jb.utad.pt\/especie\/Conium_maculatum."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0720556","article-title":"The alkaloids of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Distribution in relation to the development of the fruit","volume":"72","author":"FA JW","year":"1959","unstructured":"FA JW, CH SB. The alkaloids of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Distribution in relation to the development of the fruit. Biochem J. 1959, 72:556-61. 10.1042\/bj0720556","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine (US) | National Center for Biotechnology Information | PubChem Compound Summary for CID 441072, Coniine. (2004). Accessed. 06\/05\/2024: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Coniine."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information.PubChem Compound Summary for CID 89594, Nicotine. (2004). Accessed. 06\/05\/2024: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Nicotine."},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information | PubChem Compound Summary for CID 442632, gamma-coniceine. (2004). Accessed. 06\/05\/2024: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/gamma-Coniceine."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)82809-5","article-title":"The alkaloids of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.).\u2014II: evidence for a rapid turnover of the major alkaloids","volume":"1","author":"Fairbairn J","year":"1961","unstructured":"Fairbairn J, Suwal P . The alkaloids of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.).\u2014II: evidence for a rapid turnover of the major alkaloids. Phytochemistry. 1961, 1:39-46. 10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)82809-5","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1963.tb12738.x","article-title":"Pharmacological actions of hemlock (Conium maculatum) alkaloids","volume":"15","author":"BO WC","year":"1963","unstructured":"BO WC, SA IS. Pharmacological actions of hemlock (Conium maculatum) alkaloids. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1963, 15:1-25. 10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1963.tb12738.x","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203742167","article-title":"Clinical toxicology. 2nd ed","author":"Thienes C","year":"1948","unstructured":"Thienes C, Haley T. Clinical toxicology. 2nd ed. Lea &amp; Febiger, Philadelphia; 1948. 10.1201\/9780203742167"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650903252186","article-title":"Nicotinic plant poisoning","volume":"47","author":"Schep LJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM. Nicotinic plant poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009, 47:771-81. 10.1080\/15563650903252186","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Poisoning by medical plants","volume":"1","author":"Farzaei MH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farzaei MH, Bayrami Z, Farzaei F, et al.. Poisoning by medical plants. Arch Iran Med. 2020, 1:117-27.","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14484J","article-title":"Another death due to ingestion of Nicotiana glauca","volume":"44","author":"Sims DN","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sims DN, James R, Christensen T. Another death due to ingestion of Nicotiana glauca. J Forensic Sci. 1999, 44:447-9. 10.1520\/JFS14484J","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199006000-00018","article-title":"Apnea and seizures caused by nicotine ingestion","volume":"6","author":"Singer J","year":"1990","unstructured":"Singer J, Janz T. Apnea and seizures caused by nicotine ingestion. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1990, 6:135-7.","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Poison hemlock","author":"Fiesseler F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fiesseler F, Shih R. Poison hemlock. Critical care toxicology. Brent J, Burkhart K, Dargan P, et al. (ed): Springer International Publishing, 2017."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/6.12.939","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of accidental hemlock poisoning: neurotoxic manifestations, rhabdomyolysis and acute tubular necrosis","volume":"6","author":"Rizzi D","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rizzi D, Basile C, Di Maggio A, et al.. Clinical spectrum of accidental hemlock poisoning: neurotoxic manifestations, rhabdomyolysis and acute tubular necrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1991, 6:939-43. 10.1093\/ndt\/6.12.939","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563657809150012","article-title":"Hemlock water dropwort poisoning--a review","volume":"12","author":"Mitchell MI","year":"1978","unstructured":"Mitchell MI, Routledge PA. Hemlock water dropwort poisoning--a review. Clin Toxicol. 1978, 12:417-26. 10.3109\/15563657809150012","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Research on toxic effects of Oenanthe crocata extract on aquatic organisms.. (2014). https.\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10216\/88571."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.4509","article-title":"Mild-to-severe poisoning due to Conium maculatum as toxic herb: a case series","volume":"9","author":"Boskabadi J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boskabadi J, Askari Z, Zakariaei Z, Fakhar M, Tabaripour R. Mild-to-severe poisoning due to Conium maculatum as toxic herb: a case series. Clin Case Rep. 2021, 9:e04509. 10.1002\/ccr3.4509","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5505\/1304.7361.2013.23500","article-title":"Hemlock (Conium maculatum) poisoning in a child","volume":"14","author":"Konca C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Konca C, Kahramaner Z, Bosnak M, Kocamaz H. Hemlock (Conium maculatum) poisoning in a child. Turk J Emerg Med. 2014, 14:34-6. 10.5505\/1304.7361.2013.23500","journal-title":"Turk J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14773996.2002.11681088","article-title":"Acute respiratory arrest following hemlock (Conium maculatum) intoxication","volume":"40","author":"Biberci E","year":"2002","unstructured":"Biberci E, Altuntas Y, Cobanoglu A, Alpinar A. Acute respiratory arrest following hemlock (Conium maculatum) intoxication. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002, 40:517-8. 10.1080\/14773996.2002.11681088","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/102490791101800408","article-title":"A case of respiratory failure due to poison hemlock poisoning presented to an emergency department","volume":"18","author":"Erenler A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Erenler A, Baydin A, Duran L, et al.. A case of respiratory failure due to poison hemlock poisoning presented to an emergency department. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2011, 18:235-8. 10.1177\/102490791101800408","journal-title":"Hong Kong J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1995.tb138553.x","article-title":"Three deaths from hemlock poisoning","volume":"162","author":"Drummer OH","year":"1995","unstructured":"Drummer OH, Roberts AN, Bedford PJ, Crump KL, Phelan MH. Three deaths from hemlock poisoning. Med J Aust. 1995, 162:592-3. 10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1995.tb138553.x","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2022.111500","article-title":"Poison hemlock determination in postmortem samples","volume":"341","author":"Labay LM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Labay LM, Chan-Hosokawa A, Homan JW, et al.. Poison hemlock determination in postmortem samples. Forensic Sci Int. 2022, 341:111500. 10.1016\/j.forsciint.2022.111500","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.03.049","article-title":"Piperidine alkaloids: human and food animal teratogens","volume":"50","author":"Green BT","year":"2012","unstructured":"Green BT, Lee ST, Panter KE, Brown DR. Piperidine alkaloids: human and food animal teratogens. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012, 50:2049-55. 10.1016\/j.fct.2012.03.049","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/348593-acute-intoxication-with-poison-hemlock-conium-maculatum","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T14:42:56Z","timestamp":1742308976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/348593-acute-intoxication-with-poison-hemlock-conium-maculatum"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.80763","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]}}}