{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T22:10:28Z","timestamp":1742422228772,"version":"3.40.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.80846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T21:29:44Z","timestamp":1742419784000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meta-Analysis: A to Z for Healthcare Professionals"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mashael","family":"Al-Namaeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.71","article-title":"Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't","volume":"312","author":"Sackett DL","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ. 1996, 312:71-2. 10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X005010003","article-title":"Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research","volume":"5","author":"Glass GV","year":"1976","unstructured":"Glass GV. Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educ Res. 1976, 5:3-8. 10.3102\/0013189X005010003","journal-title":"Educ Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.75.6.431","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Its strengths and limitations","volume":"75","author":"Walker E","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walker E, Hernandez AV, Kattan MW. Meta-analysis: Its strengths and limitations. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008, 75:431-9. 10.3949\/ccjm.75.6.431","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Introduction to Clinical Research for Health Care Professionals","author":"Al-Namaeh M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Namaeh M. Introduction to Clinical Research for Health Care Professionals. Amazon Digitial Services, Middletown, DE; 2023."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v088.i02","article-title":"JASP: graphical statistical software for common statistical designs","volume":"88","author":"Love J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Love J, Selker R, Marsman M, et al.. JASP: graphical statistical software for common statistical designs. J Stat Softw. 2019, 88:1-17. 10.18637\/jss.v088.i02","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect","author":"Higgins JP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Li T, Deeks JJ. Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, 2nd ed.\r\n. The Cochrane Collaboration , London; 2019. 143-176."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013003492","article-title":"Is vitamin D status associated with open-angle glaucoma? A cross-sectional study from South Korea","volume":"17","author":"Yoo TK","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yoo TK, Oh E, Hong S. Is vitamin D status associated with open-angle glaucoma? A cross-sectional study from South Korea. Public Health Nutr. 2014, 17:833-43. 10.1017\/S1368980013003492","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.05.008","article-title":"Serum vitamin D status is associated with the presence but not the severity of primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"81","author":"Goncalves A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goncalves A, Milea D, Gohier P, et al.. Serum vitamin D status is associated with the presence but not the severity of primary open angle glaucoma. Maturitas. 2015, 81:470-4. 10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.05.008","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_109_21","article-title":"Association of Vitamin D deficiency with primary glaucoma among Saudi population - A pilot study","volume":"35","author":"Bokhary KA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bokhary KA, Alqahtani LY, Aljaser FS, et al.. Association of Vitamin D deficiency with primary glaucoma among Saudi population - A pilot study. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2021, 35:299-303. 10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_109_21","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98342-9","article-title":"Reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in the aqueous humor of cataract patients with open-angle glaucoma","volume":"11","author":"Cho Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cho Y, Yun SP, Yoo WS, Kim RB, Cho MC, Kim SJ. Reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in the aqueous humor of cataract patients with open-angle glaucoma. Sci Rep. 2021, 11:18785. 10.1038\/s41598-021-98342-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2019.01.002","article-title":"Serum levels of thyroid hormone, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, C-reactive protein, and hemoglobin in Pseudoexfoliation and primary open angle Glaucoma","volume":"42","author":"Atalay K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Atalay K, Savur FG, Kirgiz A, Kald\u0131r\u0131m HE, Zengi O. Serum levels of thyroid hormone, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, C-reactive protein, and hemoglobin in Pseudoexfoliation and primary open angle Glaucoma. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2019, 42:730-8. 10.1016\/j.jfo.2019.01.002","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0289-y","article-title":"Associations of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (Cdx-2, Fok I, Bsm I and Taq I) polymorphisms with the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Lv Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lv Y, Yao Q, Ma W, Liu H, Ji J, Li X. Associations of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (Cdx-2, Fok I, Bsm I and Taq I) polymorphisms with the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016, 16:116. 10.1186\/s12886-016-0289-y","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-45","article-title":"Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers' to authors' assessments","volume":"14","author":"Lo CK","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lo CK, Mertz D, Loeb M. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers' to authors' assessments. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014, 14:45. 10.1186\/1471-2288-14-45","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of case-control studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Wells G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wells G, Shea B, O'Connell D, Peterson j, Welch V. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of case-control studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011, 25:603-605.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.02.062","article-title":"Open-angle glaucoma and cardiovascular mortality: the Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"113","author":"Lee AJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee AJ, Wang JJ, Kifley A, Mitchell P. Open-angle glaucoma and cardiovascular mortality: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2006, 113:1069-76. 10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.02.062","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.554642","article-title":"Open-angle glaucoma and the risk of stroke development: a 5-year population-based follow-up study","volume":"40","author":"Ho JD","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ho JD, Hu CC, Lin HC. Open-angle glaucoma and the risk of stroke development: a 5-year population-based follow-up study. Stroke. 2009, 40:2685-90. 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.554642","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-02137-w","article-title":"Systemic diseases and their association with open-angle glaucoma in the population of Stockholm","volume":"42","author":"W\u00e4ndell P","year":"2022","unstructured":"W\u00e4ndell P, Carlsson AC, Ljunggren G. Systemic diseases and their association with open-angle glaucoma in the population of Stockholm. Int Ophthalmol. 2022, 42:1481-9. 10.1007\/s10792-021-02137-w","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163210","article-title":"Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma may develop ischemic heart disease more often than those without glaucoma: an 11-year population-based cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Chen YY","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen YY, Hu HY, Chu D, Chen HH, Chang CK, Chou P. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma may develop ischemic heart disease more often than those without glaucoma: an 11-year population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2016, 11:e0163210. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0163210","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13487","article-title":"Vascular and metabolic comorbidities in open-angle glaucoma with low- and high-teen intraocular pressure: a cross-sectional study from South Korea","volume":"95","author":"Lee SH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee SH, Kim GA, Lee W, Bae HW, Seong GJ, Kim CY. Vascular and metabolic comorbidities in open-angle glaucoma with low- and high-teen intraocular pressure: a cross-sectional study from South Korea. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017, 95:e564-74. 10.1111\/aos.13487","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins JP","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002, 21:1539-58. 10.1002\/sim.1186","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193","article-title":"Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I2 index?","volume":"11","author":"Huedo-Medina TB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huedo-Medina TB, S\u00e1nchez-Meca J, Mar\u00edn-Mart\u00ednez F, Botella J. Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I2 index?. Psychol Methods. 2006, 11:193-206. 10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.07.021","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of echocardiographic findings in OSA children after adenotonsilectomy","volume":"78","author":"Weber SA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weber SA, Pierri Carvalho R, Ridley G, Williams K, El Dib R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of echocardiographic findings in OSA children after adenotonsilectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014, 78:1571-8. 10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.07.021","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.04.040","article-title":"The role of minimal access valve surgery in the elderly. A meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"33 Pt A","author":"Moscarelli M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moscarelli M, Emmanuel S, Athanasiou T, Speziale G, Fattouch K, Casula R. The role of minimal access valve surgery in the elderly. A meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Surg. 2016, 33 Pt A:164-71. 10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.04.040","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X05282643","article-title":"The interpretation of random-effects meta-analysis in decision models","volume":"25","author":"Ades AE","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ades AE, Lu G, Higgins JP. The interpretation of random-effects meta-analysis in decision models. Med Decis Making. 2005, 25:646-54. 10.1177\/0272989X05282643","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Interpreting and understanding meta-analysis graphs--a practical guide","volume":"35","author":"Ried K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ried K. Interpreting and understanding meta-analysis graphs--a practical guide. Aust Fam Physician. 2006, 35:635-8.","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger M","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997, 315:629-34. 10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x","article-title":"Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Duval S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics. 2000, 56:455-63. 10.1111\/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12125","article-title":"Vitamin D and intraocular pressure--results from a case-control and an intervention study","volume":"92","author":"Krefting EA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krefting EA, Jorde R, Christoffersen T, Grimnes G. Vitamin D and intraocular pressure--results from a case-control and an intervention study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014, 92:345-9. 10.1111\/aos.12125","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2016.30.6.426","article-title":"The relationship between vitamin D and glaucoma: a Kangbuk Samsung Health Study","volume":"30","author":"Kim HT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim HT, Kim JM, Kim JH, Lee MY, Won YS, Lee JY, Park KH. The relationship between vitamin D and glaucoma: a Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2016, 30:426-33. 10.3341\/kjo.2016.30.6.426","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2016.55.02.04","article-title":"Association between serum vitamin D level and glaucoma in women","volume":"55","author":"Vukovi\u0107 Arar \u017d","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vukovi\u0107 Arar \u017d, Kne\u017eevi\u0107 Prave\u010dek M, Mi\u0161ki\u0107 B, Vatavuk Z, Vukovi\u0107 Rodriguez J, Sekelj S. Association between serum vitamin D level and glaucoma in women. Acta Clin Croat. 2016, 55:203-8. 10.20471\/acc.2016.55.02.04","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/345381-meta-analysis-a-to-z-for-healthcare-professionals","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T21:29:50Z","timestamp":1742419790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/345381-meta-analysis-a-to-z-for-healthcare-professionals"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.80846","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]}}}