{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:57:58Z","timestamp":1790168278373,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.81017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T03:15:12Z","timestamp":1742699712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection: The New-Age Neglected Infectious Disease"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sutapa","family":"Rath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shehnaz","family":"Firdaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayatree","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monalisa","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.003","article-title":"Environmental sources of nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"36","author":"Falkinham JO 3rd","year":"2015","unstructured":"Falkinham JO 3rd. Environmental sources of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Clin Chest Med. 2015, 36:35-41. 10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.003","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1703.101510","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria from household plumbing of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria disease","volume":"17","author":"Falkinham JO 3rd","year":"2011","unstructured":"Falkinham JO 3rd. Nontuberculous mycobacteria from household plumbing of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011, 17:419-24. 10.3201\/eid1703.101510","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","article-title":"An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"175","author":"Griffith DE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, et al.. An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007, 175:367-416. 10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_274","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors associated with NTM pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections in a high tuberculosis endemic region","volume":"38","author":"Wani SR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wani SR, Wattal C, Raveendran R. Epidemiology and risk factors associated with NTM pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections in a high tuberculosis endemic region. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2020, 38:169-75. 10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_274","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2019.51.3.245","article-title":"Treatment of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"51","author":"Wi YM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wi YM. Treatment of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Infect Chemother. 2019, 51:245-55. 10.3947\/ic.2019.51.3.245","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0024-2016","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria-overview","volume":"5","author":"Koh WJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koh WJ. Nontuberculous mycobacteria-overview. Microbiol Spectr. 2017, 5:10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0024-2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.03.023","article-title":"Nationwide increasing incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases among adults in Denmark: eighteen years of follow-up","volume":"166","author":"Pedersen AA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pedersen AA, L\u00f8kke A, Fl\u00f8e A, Ibsen R, Johansen IS, Hilberg O. Nationwide increasing incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases among adults in Denmark: eighteen years of follow-up. Chest. 2024, 166:271-80. 10.1016\/j.chest.2024.03.023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007083","article-title":"The complexities and challenges of preventing and treating nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"13","author":"Baldwin SL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baldwin SL, Larsen SE, Ordway D, Cassell G, Coler RN. The complexities and challenges of preventing and treating nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019, 13:e0007083. 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007083","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00035-14","article-title":"Microbiological features and clinical relevance of new species of the genus Mycobacterium","volume":"27","author":"Tortoli E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tortoli E. Microbiological features and clinical relevance of new species of the genus Mycobacterium. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014, 27:727-52. 10.1128\/CMR.00035-14","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48270","article-title":"Unveiling the clinical diversity in nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections: a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Bhanushali J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhanushali J, Jadhav U, Ghewade B, Wagh P. Unveiling the clinical diversity in nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections: a comprehensive review. Cureus. 2023, 15:e48270. 10.7759\/cureus.48270","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.03.005","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of Mycobacterium chimaera infections after cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of 180 heater-cooler unit-associated cases","volume":"29","author":"Wetzstein N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wetzstein N, Kohl TA, Diricks M, et al.. Clinical characteristics and outcome of Mycobacterium chimaera infections after cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of 180 heater-cooler unit-associated cases. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023, 29:1008-14. 10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.03.005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1651490","article-title":"Management of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections","volume":"39","author":"Holt MR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holt MR, Kasperbauer S. Management of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2018, 39:399-410. 10.1055\/s-0038-1651490","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad214","article-title":"Epidemiology of pulmonary and extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections at 4 US emerging infections program sites: a 6-month pilot","volume":"77","author":"Grigg C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grigg C, Jackson KA, Barter D, et al.. Epidemiology of pulmonary and extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections at 4 US emerging infections program sites: a 6-month pilot. Clin Infect Dis. 2023, 77:629-37. 10.1093\/cid\/ciad214","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151682","article-title":"High mortality of disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in HIV-infected patients in the antiretroviral therapy era","volume":"11","author":"Kobayashi T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kobayashi T, Nishijima T, Teruya K, Aoki T, Kikuchi Y, Oka S, Gatanaga H. High mortality of disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in HIV-infected patients in the antiretroviral therapy era. PLoS One. 2016, 11:e0151682. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0151682","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1128-2","article-title":"Clinical features of infection caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria: 7\u00a0years' experience","volume":"46","author":"Adzic-Vukicevic T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adzic-Vukicevic T, Barac A, Blanka-Protic A, Laban-Lazovic M, Lukovic B, Skodric-Trifunovic V, Rubino S. Clinical features of infection caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria: 7\u00a0years' experience. Infection. 2018, 46:357-63. 10.1007\/s15010-018-1128-2","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2023.0046","article-title":"Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea: a retrospective observational study","volume":"64","author":"Park H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park H, Kang YA, Park Y. Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea: a retrospective observational study. Yonsei Med J. 2023, 64:612-7. 10.3349\/ymj.2023.0046","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814692-7.00009-7","article-title":"Chapter 9 - Nosocomial and healthcare-associated NTM infections and their control","author":"Shakoor S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shakoor S, Owais M, Hasan R, Irfan S. Chapter 9 - Nosocomial and healthcare-associated NTM infections and their control. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM): microbiological, clinical and geographical distribution. Elsevier, 2019. 177-90. 10.1016\/B978-0-12-814692-7.00009-7"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12749","article-title":"Tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria among HIV-infected individuals in Ghana","volume":"21","author":"Bjerrum S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bjerrum S, Oliver-Commey J, Kenu E, et al.. Tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria among HIV-infected individuals in Ghana. Trop Med Int Health. 2016, 21:1181-90. 10.1111\/tmi.12749","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1602.090675","article-title":"Increasing incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria, Taiwan, 2000-2008","volume":"16","author":"Lai CC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lai CC, Tan CK, Chou CH, et al..  Increasing incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria, Taiwan, 2000-2008. Emerg Infect Dis. . 2010 , 16:294-6. 10.3201\/eid1602.090675","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063170","article-title":"Prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections among tuberculosis suspects in Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Aliyu G","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aliyu G, El-Kamary SS, Abimiku A, Brown C, Tracy K, Hungerford L, Blattner W. Prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections among tuberculosis suspects in Nigeria. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e63170. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0063170","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2010.519345","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of disseminated infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a university hospital in Taiwan, 2004-2008","volume":"43","author":"Chou CH","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chou CH, Chen HY, Chen CY, Huang CT, Lai CC, Hsueh PR. Clinical features and outcomes of disseminated infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a university hospital in Taiwan, 2004-2008. Scand J Infect Dis..  2011, 43:8-14. 10.3109\/00365548.2010.519345","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2021.100289","article-title":"The epidemiology, demographics, and comorbidities of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections at a large central Florida Academic Hospital","volume":"25","author":"Garcia CV","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia CV, Teo GE, Zeitler K, et al.. The epidemiology, demographics, and comorbidities of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections at a large central Florida Academic Hospital. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2021, 25:100289. 10.1016\/j.jctube.2021.100289","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.04.004","article-title":"Burden of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases in Saudi Arabian children: the first nationwide experience","volume":"12","author":"Varghese B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Varghese B, Enani M, Shoukri M, AlJohani S, AlThawadi S, Al-Hajoj S. Burden of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases in Saudi Arabian children: the first nationwide experience. J Infect Public Health. 2019, 12:803-8. 10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.04.004","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002658","article-title":"The epidemiology of extrapulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in a pediatric population","volume":"39","author":"Aliano D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aliano D, Thomson R. The epidemiology of extrapulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in a pediatric population. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020, 39:671-7. 10.1097\/INF.0000000000002658","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.06.008","article-title":"Prevalence and species spectrum of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates at a tertiary care center","volume":"5","author":"Umrao J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Umrao J, Singh D, Zia A, et al.. Prevalence and species spectrum of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates at a tertiary care center. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2016, 5:288-93. 10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.06.008","journal-title":"Int J Mycobacteriol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijmmtd.2019.025","article-title":"Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in non-HIV subjects of clinically presumed tuberculosis at a tertiary care center, Hyderabad","volume":"5","author":"Fatima S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fatima S, Aleemuddin NM. Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in non-HIV subjects of clinically presumed tuberculosis at a tertiary care center, Hyderabad. Int J Med Microbiol Tro Dis. 2019, 5:116-22. 10.18231\/j.ijmmtd.2019.025","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol Tro Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.12.027","article-title":"Prevalence and speciation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria among pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis suspects in South India","volume":"14","author":"Thangavelu K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thangavelu K, Krishnakumariamma K, Pallam G, et al.. Prevalence and speciation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria among pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis suspects in South India. J Infect Public Health. 2021, 14:320-3. 10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.12.027","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_902_20","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis & treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"152","author":"Sharma SK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma SK, Upadhyay V. Epidemiology, diagnosis &amp; treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Indian J Med Res. 2020, 152:185-226. 10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_902_20","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.014","article-title":"Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Loebinger MR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loebinger MR, Quint JK, van der Laan R, Obradovic M, Chawla R, Kishore A, van Ingen J. Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2023, 164:1115-24. 10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14356","article-title":"Epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of adult cutaneous non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection over a 10-year period in Singapore","volume":"58","author":"Yeo PM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeo PM, Lee SX, Tan YE, Sng LH, Ang CC. Epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of adult cutaneous non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection over a 10-year period in Singapore. Int J Dermatol. 2019, 58:679-87. 10.1111\/ijd.14356","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9110949","article-title":"Profiles of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections and predictors for species: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Kim JH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim JH, Jung IY, Song JE, et al.. Profiles of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections and predictors for species: a multicenter retrospective study. Pathogens. 2020, 9:10.3390\/pathogens9110949","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100016","article-title":"Extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: a guide for the general physician","volume":"24","author":"Malhotra AM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malhotra AM, Arias M, Backx M, et al.. Extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: a guide for the general physician. Clin Med (Lond). 2024, 24:100016. 10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100016","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.081259","article-title":"Extrapulmonary infections associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria in immunocompetent persons","volume":"15","author":"Piersimoni C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Piersimoni C, Scarparo C. Extrapulmonary infections associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria in immunocompetent persons. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009, 15:1351-8. 10.3201\/eid1509.081259","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1344790","article-title":"[Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterioses of the German Central Committee against tuberculosis and the German Respiratory Society]","volume":"67","author":"Sch\u00f6nfeld N","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nfeld N, Haas W, Richter E, et al.. [Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterioses of the German Central Committee against tuberculosis and the German Respiratory Society]. Pneumologie. 2013, 67:605-33. 10.1055\/s-0033-1344790","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0331-1","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacteria and the rise of Mycobacterium abscessus","volume":"18","author":"Johansen MD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johansen MD, Herrmann JL, Kremer L. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria and the rise of Mycobacterium abscessus. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020, 18:392-407. 10.1038\/s41579-020-0331-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/648443","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence and risk factors: a changing epidemiology","volume":"49","author":"Cassidy PM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cassidy PM, Hedberg K, Saulson A, McNelly E, Winthrop KL. Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence and risk factors: a changing epidemiology. Clin Infect Dis. 2009, 49:e124-9. 10.1086\/648443","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2311.170959","article-title":"Pulmonary versus nonpulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria, Ontario, Canada","volume":"23","author":"Brode SK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brode SK, Marchand-Austin A, Jamieson FB, Marras TK. Pulmonary versus nonpulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria, Ontario, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017, 23:1898-901. 10.3201\/eid2311.170959","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2023.05.013","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in comparison with pulmonary infections: a single-center, retrospective study in Japan","volume":"29","author":"Omori K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Omori K, Kitagawa H, Yamaguchi K, et al.. Clinical characteristics of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in comparison with pulmonary infections: a single-center, retrospective study in Japan. J Infect Chemother. 2023, 29:875-81. 10.1016\/j.jiac.2023.05.013","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2015.03.017","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria: skin and soft tissue infections","volume":"33","author":"Gonzalez-Santiago TM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Santiago TM, Drage LA. Nontuberculous mycobacteria: skin and soft tissue infections. Dermatol Clin. 2015, 33:563-77. 10.1016\/j.det.2015.03.017","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0126","article-title":"Case report: Multiple scalp abscesses due to Mycobacterium abscessus infection following triamcinolone injection in an immunocompetent person","volume":"107","author":"Mohanty M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohanty M, Mishra B, Sirka CS, Mohapatra PR. Case report: Multiple scalp abscesses due to Mycobacterium abscessus infection following triamcinolone injection in an immunocompetent person. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022, 107:592-4. 10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0126","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1709.102011","article-title":"Tattoo-associated Mycobacterium haemophilum skin infection in immunocompetent adult, 2009","volume":"17","author":"Kay MK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kay MK, Perti TR, Duchin JS. Tattoo-associated Mycobacterium haemophilum skin infection in immunocompetent adult, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011, 17:1734-6. 10.3201\/eid1709.102011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2008.09.021","article-title":"Buruli ulcer","volume":"27","author":"Portaels F","year":"2009","unstructured":"Portaels F, Silva MT, Meyers WM. Buruli ulcer. Clin Dermatol. 2009, 27:291-305. 10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2008.09.021","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2018.1447171","article-title":"Mycobacterium marinum infection in fish and man: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management; a review","volume":"38","author":"Hashish E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hashish E, Merwad A, Elgaml S, et al.. Mycobacterium marinum infection in fish and man: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management; a review. Vet Q. 2018, 38:35-46. 10.1080\/01652176.2018.1447171","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-023-00546-4","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and predictors of outcome in nontuberculous mycobacterial central nervous system infection: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Meena DS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meena DS, Kumar D, Meena V, Bohra GK, Tak V, Garg MK. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and predictors of outcome in nontuberculous mycobacterial central nervous system infection: a systematic review. Trop Med Health. 2023, 51:54. 10.1186\/s41182-023-00546-4","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2016.79.2.74","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease: clinicians\u2019 perspectives","volume":"79","author":"Ryu YJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ryu YJ, Koh WJ, Daley CL. Diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease: clinicians\u2019 perspectives. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2016, 79:74-84. 10.4046\/trd.2016.79.2.74","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.12.007","article-title":"The antimicrobial susceptibility of non-tuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"72","author":"Cowman S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cowman S, Burns K, Benson S, Wilson R, Loebinger MR. The antimicrobial susceptibility of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. J Infect. 2016, 72:324-31. 10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.12.007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_16_204","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis: advances in technology and drug susceptibility testing","volume":"35","author":"Oommen S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oommen S, Banaji N. Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis: advances in technology and drug susceptibility testing. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2017, 35:323-31. 10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_16_204","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00038-17","article-title":"Practical guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories: mycobacteria","volume":"31","author":"Forbes BA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forbes BA, Hall GS, Miller MB, et al.. Practical guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories: mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018, 31:10.1128\/CMR.00038-17","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plabm.2018.e00107","article-title":"Methods of phenotypic identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"12","author":"Bhalla GS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhalla GS, Sarao MS, Kalra D, Bandyopadhyay K, John AR. Methods of phenotypic identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Pract Lab Med. 2018, 12:e00107. 10.1016\/j.plabm.2018.e00107","journal-title":"Pract Lab Med"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for discrimination between Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex & non tuberculous mycobacteria in clinical isolates from extra-pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"135","author":"Maurya AK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maurya AK, Nag VL, Kant S, et al.. Evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for discrimination between Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex &amp; non tuberculous mycobacteria in clinical isolates from extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res. 2012, 135:901-6.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-79","article-title":"MPT 64 antigen detection for rapid confirmation of M.tuberculosis isolates","volume":"4","author":"Kumar VG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kumar VG, Urs TA, Ranganath RR. MPT 64 antigen detection for rapid confirmation of M.tuberculosis isolates. BMC Res Notes. 2011, 4:79. 10.1186\/1756-0500-4-79","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.09.003","article-title":"Identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography from patients in tehran","volume":"5 Suppl 1","author":"Mirzapour A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirzapour A, Alam AN, Bostanabadi SZ, Shahraki AH, Ebrahimi SA, Yousefi M. Identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography from patients in tehran. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2016, 5 Suppl 1:S214. 10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.09.003","journal-title":"Int J Mycobacteriol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2011.03045.x","article-title":"Development of multiplex PCR assays based on the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer for the detection of clinically relevant nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"52","author":"Ngan GJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ngan GJ, Ng LM, Jureen R, Lin RT, Teo JW. Development of multiplex PCR assays based on the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer for the detection of clinically relevant nontuberculous mycobacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2011, 52:546-54. 10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2011.03045.x","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0027-2016","article-title":"Rapidly growing mycobacteria","volume":"5","author":"Brown-Elliott BA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown-Elliott BA, Philley JV. Rapidly growing mycobacteria. Microbiol Spectr. 2017, 5:10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0027-2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03585-13","article-title":"Potential for use of the Seegene Anyplex MTB\/NTM real-time detection assay in a regional reference laboratory","volume":"52","author":"Perry MD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perry MD, White PL, Ruddy M. Potential for use of the Seegene Anyplex MTB\/NTM real-time detection assay in a regional reference laboratory. J Clin Microbiol. 2014, 52:1708-10. 10.1128\/JCM.03585-13","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01904-15","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of Anyplex Plus MTB\/NTM MDR-TB assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and multidrug-resistant isolates in pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens","volume":"54","author":"Sali M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sali M, De Maio F, Caccuri F, et al.. Multicenter evaluation of Anyplex Plus MTB\/NTM MDR-TB assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and multidrug-resistant isolates in pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2016, 54:59-63. 10.1128\/JCM.01904-15","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2018.08.003","article-title":"\u201cIdentification of non-tuberculous Mycobacterium by LPA (CM\/as) assay, HPLC and biochemical test: which is feasible for RNTCP?\u201d","volume":"65","author":"Sebastian G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sebastian G, Nagaraja SB, Vishwanatha T, Hemalatha K, Vijayalakshmi N, Kumar P. \u201cIdentification of non-tuberculous Mycobacterium by LPA (CM\/as) assay, HPLC and biochemical test: which is feasible for RNTCP?\u201d. Indian J Tuberc. 2018, 65:329-34. 10.1016\/j.ijtb.2018.08.003","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2023.12.003","article-title":"Incorporating direct molecular diagnostics in management algorithms for nontuberculous mycobacteria: is it high time?","volume":"10","author":"Opperman CJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Opperman CJ, Singh S, Goosen W, Cox H, Warren R, Esmail A. Incorporating direct molecular diagnostics in management algorithms for nontuberculous mycobacteria: is it high time?. IJID Reg. 2024, 10:140-5. 10.1016\/j.ijregi.2023.12.003","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03506-23","article-title":"Detection of Mtb and NTM: preclinical validation of a new asymmetric PCR-binary deoxyribozyme sensor assay","volume":"12","author":"Neves YCd","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neves YCd, Reis AJ, Rodrigues MA, et al.. Detection of Mtb and NTM: preclinical validation of a new asymmetric PCR-binary deoxyribozyme sensor assay. Microbiol Spectr. 2024, 12:e0350623. 10.1128\/spectrum.03506-23","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.60","article-title":"Drug susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"9","author":"van Ingen J","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Ingen J, Kuijper EJ. Drug susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Future Microbiol. 2014, 9:1095-110. 10.2217\/fmb.14.60","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"CLSI M24: Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, Nocardia spp., and other aerobic actinomycetes","author":"Woods GL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Woods GL, Brown-Elliott BA, Conville PS, et al.. CLSI M24: Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, Nocardia spp., and other aerobic actinomycetes. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA; 2018."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081615","article-title":"The drug susceptibility of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in a referral hospital in Rome from 2018 to 2023","volume":"12","author":"Mazzarelli A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mazzarelli A, Nisii C, Cannas A, et al.. The drug susceptibility of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in a referral hospital in Rome from 2018 to 2023. Microorganisms. 2024, 12:10.3390\/microorganisms12081615","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00535-2020","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"56","author":"Daley CL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daley CL, Iaccarino JM, Lange C, et al.. Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline. Eur Respir J. 2020, 56:10.1183\/13993003.00535-2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/349270-extrapulmonary-nontuberculous-mycobacteria-infection-the-new-age-neglected-infectious-disease","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T03:15:17Z","timestamp":1742699717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/349270-extrapulmonary-nontuberculous-mycobacteria-infection-the-new-age-neglected-infectious-disease"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"references-count":63,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.81017","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]}}}