{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:25:13Z","timestamp":1790173513740,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.81129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T07:48:38Z","timestamp":1742888918000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring Fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Comprehensive Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jamir","family":"Pitton Rissardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maleesha","family":"Jayasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Farid","family":"Gadelmawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Rashidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Rashidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hania","family":"Moharam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola D","family":"Hag Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Yousif Elamin Yousif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Leticia","family":"Fornari Caprara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omesh","family":"Prathiraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallak","family":"Bahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci8010007","article-title":"The potential role of astrocytes in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD)","volume":"8","author":"Hindeya Gebreyesus H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hindeya Gebreyesus H, Gebrehiwot Gebremichael T. The potential role of astrocytes in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Med Sci (Basel). 2020, 8:10.3390\/medsci8010007","journal-title":"Med Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e31823966b4","article-title":"Initial motor symptoms of Parkinson disease","volume":"17","author":"Garcia Ruiz PJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garcia Ruiz PJ, Catal\u00e1n MJ, Fern\u00e1ndez Carril JM. Initial motor symptoms of Parkinson disease. Neurologist. 2011, 17:S18-20. 10.1097\/NRL.0b013e31823966b4","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199612000-00011","article-title":"Mechanisms and management of fatigue in progressive neurological disorders","volume":"9","author":"Krupp LB","year":"1996","unstructured":"Krupp LB, Pollina DA. Mechanisms and management of fatigue in progressive neurological disorders. Curr Opin Neurol. 1996, 9:456-60. 10.1097\/00019052-199612000-00011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.027","article-title":"Non motor subtypes and Parkinson's disease","volume":"22 Suppl 1","author":"Sauerbier A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sauerbier A, Jenner P, Todorova A, Chaudhuri KR. Non motor subtypes and Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016, 22 Suppl 1:S41-6. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.027","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27461","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Siciliano M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siciliano M, Trojano L, Santangelo G, De Micco R, Tedeschi G, Tessitore A. Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord. 2018, 33:1712-23. 10.1002\/mds.27461","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26511","article-title":"Parkinson's disease-related fatigue: a case definition and recommendations for clinical research","volume":"31","author":"Kluger BM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kluger BM, Herlofson K, Chou KL, et al.. Parkinson's disease-related fatigue: a case definition and recommendations for clinical research. Mov Disord. 2016, 31:625-31. 10.1002\/mds.26511","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12950","article-title":"The impact of non-motor symptoms on the quality of life of Parkinson's disease patients: a longitudinal study","volume":"23","author":"Prakash KM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prakash KM, Nadkarni NV, Lye WK, Yong MH, Tan EK. The impact of non-motor symptoms on the quality of life of Parkinson's disease patients: a longitudinal study. Eur J Neurol. 2016, 23:854-60. 10.1111\/ene.12950","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1201","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a nine-year follow-up","volume":"16","author":"Friedman JH","year":"2001","unstructured":"Friedman JH, Friedman H. Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a nine-year follow-up. Mov Disord. 2001, 16:1120-2. 10.1002\/mds.1201","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001303","article-title":"Fatigue correlates with sleep disturbances in Parkinson disease","volume":"134","author":"Cao XY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao XY, Zhang JR, Shen Y, et al.. Fatigue correlates with sleep disturbances in Parkinson disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020, 134:668-74. 10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001303","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/125271","article-title":"The possible clinical predictors of fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a study of 135 patients as part of international nonmotor scale validation project","volume":"2011","author":"Metta V","year":"2011","unstructured":"Metta V, Logishetty K, Martinez-Martin P, et al.. The possible clinical predictors of fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a study of 135 patients as part of international nonmotor scale validation project. Parkinsons Dis. 2011, 2011:125271. 10.4061\/2011\/125271","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.10.004","article-title":"Motor, behavioural, and cognitive correlates of fatigue in early, de novo Parkinson disease patients","volume":"45","author":"Siciliano M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Siciliano M, Trojano L, De Micco R, et al.. Motor, behavioural, and cognitive correlates of fatigue in early, de novo Parkinson disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2017, 45:63-8. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.10.004","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10505","article-title":"Levodopa improves physical fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study","volume":"18","author":"Lou JS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lou JS, Kearns G, Benice T, Oken B, Sexton G, Nutt J. Levodopa improves physical fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Mov Disord. 2003, 18:1108-14. 10.1002\/mds.10505","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2835945","article-title":"Risk factors of fatigue in idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease in a Polish population","volume":"2016","author":"Go\u0142\u0105b-Janowska M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Go\u0142\u0105b-Janowska M, Kotl\u0119ga D, Safranow K, Meller A, Budzianowska A, Honczarenko K. Risk factors of fatigue in idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease in a Polish population. Parkinsons Dis. 2016, 2016:2835945. 10.1155\/2016\/2835945","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0000000000000131","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson disease. An integrative review","volume":"47","author":"Bruno AE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bruno AE, Sethares KA. Fatigue in Parkinson disease. An integrative review. J Neurosci Nurs. 2015, 47:146-53. 10.1097\/JNN.0000000000000131","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-04059-z","article-title":"Association between fatigue and motor progression in Parkinson's disease in southern Chinese","volume":"41","author":"Yu HX","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu HX, Guo MR, Li G, Zhang B. Association between fatigue and motor progression in Parkinson's disease in southern Chinese. Neurol Sci. 2020, 41:161-4. 10.1007\/s10072-019-04059-z","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827f07be","article-title":"Fatigue and fatigability in neurologic illnesses: proposal for a unified taxonomy","volume":"80","author":"Kluger BM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kluger BM, Krupp LB, Enoka RM. Fatigue and fatigability in neurologic illnesses: proposal for a unified taxonomy. Neurology. 2013, 80:409-16. 10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827f07be","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909113494748","article-title":"Fatigue in healthy and diseased individuals","volume":"31","author":"Finsterer J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finsterer J, Mahjoub SZ. Fatigue in healthy and diseased individuals. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2014, 31:562-75. 10.1177\/1049909113494748","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-510x(00)00411-1","article-title":"Fatigue and basal ganglia","volume":"179","author":"Chaudhuri A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Fatigue and basal ganglia. J Neurol Sci. 2000, 179:34-42. 10.1016\/s0022-510x(00)00411-1","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1042","article-title":"Exacerbated physical fatigue and mental fatigue in Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Lou JS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lou JS, Kearns G, Oken B, Sexton G, Nutt J. Exacerbated physical fatigue and mental fatigue in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2001, 16:190-6. 10.1002\/mds.1042","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjparkd.2015.25","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: report from a mutidisciplinary symposium","volume":"2","author":"Friedman JH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Friedman JH, Beck JC, Chou KL, et al.. Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: report from a mutidisciplinary symposium. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2016, 2:15025. 10.1038\/npjparkd.2015.25","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.07.017","article-title":"Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"14","author":"Havlikova E","year":"2008","unstructured":"Havlikova E, Rosenberger J, Nagyova I, et al.. Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2008, 14:187-92. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.07.017","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6828-4","article-title":"Clinical determinants of primary and secondary fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"260","author":"Skorvanek M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Skorvanek M, Nagyova I, Rosenberger J, et al.. Clinical determinants of primary and secondary fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol. 2013, 260:1554-61. 10.1007\/s00415-012-6828-4","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.23216","article-title":"Fighting against the clock: circadian disruption and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Chen YC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen YC, Wang WS, Lewis SJ, Wu SL. Fighting against the clock: circadian disruption and Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Mov Disord. 2024, 17:1-14. 10.14802\/jmd.23216","journal-title":"J Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6557-8","article-title":"The progression of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease and their contribution to motor disability and quality of life","volume":"259","author":"Antonini A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonini A, Barone P, Marconi R, et al.. The progression of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease and their contribution to motor disability and quality of life. J Neurol. 2012, 259:2621-31. 10.1007\/s00415-012-6557-8","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14040397","article-title":"The impact of fatigue on sleep and other non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Diaconu S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Diaconu S, Monescu V, Filip R, et al.. The impact of fatigue on sleep and other non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Sci. 2024, 14:397. 10.3390\/brainsci14040397","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082924","article-title":"Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease: clinical features, iron metabolism and related mechanism","volume":"8","author":"Yu SY","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu SY, Sun L, Liu Z, et al.. Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease: clinical features, iron metabolism and related mechanism. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e82924. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0082924","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01921-4","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue in neurological disorders","volume":"24","author":"Maestri M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maestri M, Romigi A, Schirru A, Fabbrini M, Gori S, Bonuccelli U, Bonanni E. Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue in neurological disorders. Sleep Breath. 2020, 24:413-24. 10.1007\/s11325-019-01921-4","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(99)00063-9","article-title":"Structure and function of dopamine receptors","volume":"24","author":"Vallone D","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vallone D, Picetti R, Borrelli E. Structure and function of dopamine receptors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000, 24:125-32. 10.1016\/s0149-7634(99)00063-9","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809335","article-title":"A double-blind, delayed-start trial of rasagiline in Parkinson's disease","volume":"361","author":"Olanow CW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olanow CW, Rascol O, Hauser R, et al.. A double-blind, delayed-start trial of rasagiline in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 2009, 361:1268-78. 10.1056\/NEJMoa0809335","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12205","article-title":"Benefits of treatment with rasagiline for fatigue symptoms in patients with early Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Stocchi F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stocchi F. Benefits of treatment with rasagiline for fatigue symptoms in patients with early Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol. 2014, 21:357-60. 10.1111\/ene.12205","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21656","article-title":"Methylphenidate improves fatigue scores in Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Mendon\u00e7a DA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mendon\u00e7a DA, Menezes K, Jog MS. Methylphenidate improves fatigue scores in Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. Mov Disord. 2007, 22:2070-6. 10.1002\/mds.21656","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2001.00046.x","article-title":"Evaluation of fatigue in Parkinson's disease patients with stimulated single fiber electromyography","volume":"104","author":"Hwang WJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hwang WJ, Lin TS. Evaluation of fatigue in Parkinson's disease patients with stimulated single fiber electromyography. Acta Neurol Scand. 2001, 104:271-4. 10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2001.00046.x","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20929","article-title":"Effect of dopamine agonists on fatigue and somnolence in Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Oved D","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oved D, Ziv I, Treves TA, Paleacu D, Melamed E, Djaldetti R. Effect of dopamine agonists on fatigue and somnolence in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2006, 21:1257-61. 10.1002\/mds.20929","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-225116","article-title":"Physical exercise as a potential treatment for fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions","volume":"13","author":"Folkerts AK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Folkerts AK, Nielsen J, Gollan R, et al.. Physical exercise as a potential treatment for fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. J Parkinsons Dis. 2023, 13:659-79. 10.3233\/JPD-225116","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019585","article-title":"Frontal networks play a role in fatigue perception in multiple sclerosis","volume":"124","author":"Pardini M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pardini M, Bonzano L, Mancardi GL, Roccatagliata L. Frontal networks play a role in fatigue perception in multiple sclerosis. Behav Neurosci. 2010, 124:329-36. 10.1037\/a0019585","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5284-2","article-title":"Acute basal ganglia infarcts in poststroke fatigue: an MRI study","volume":"257","author":"Tang WK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tang WK, Chen YK, Mok V, Chu WC, Ungvari GS, Ahuja AT, Wong KS. Acute basal ganglia infarcts in poststroke fatigue: an MRI study. J Neurol. 2010, 257:178-82. 10.1007\/s00415-009-5284-2","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2000\/580683","article-title":"Fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Abe K","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abe K, Takanashi M, Yanagihara T. Fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease. Behav Neurol. 2000, 12:103-6. 10.1155\/2000\/580683","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636100-00006","article-title":"Central fatigue: the serotonin hypothesis and beyond","volume":"36","author":"Meeusen R","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meeusen R, Watson P, Hasegawa H, Roelands B, Piacentini MF. Central fatigue: the serotonin hypothesis and beyond. Sports Med. 2006, 36:881-909. 10.2165\/00007256-200636100-00006","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2003.10.002","article-title":"The human raphe nuclei and the serotonergic system","volume":"26","author":"Hornung JP","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hornung JP. The human raphe nuclei and the serotonergic system. J Chem Neuroanat. 2003, 26:331-43. 10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2003.10.002","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq268","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson's disease is linked to striatal and limbic serotonergic dysfunction","volume":"133","author":"Pavese N","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pavese N, Metta V, Bose SK, Chaudhuri KR, Brooks DJ. Fatigue in Parkinson's disease is linked to striatal and limbic serotonergic dysfunction. Brain. 2010, 133:3434-43. 10.1093\/brain\/awq268","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200412030-00002","article-title":"Reduction of serotonin transporters of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Yamamoto S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yamamoto S, Ouchi Y, Onoe H, et al.. Reduction of serotonin transporters of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuroreport. 2004, 15:2571-4. 10.1097\/00001756-200412030-00002","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136242","article-title":"Serotonergic central tone in Parkinson's disease with fatigue: evidence from the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP)","volume":"764","author":"Pauletti C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pauletti C, Mannarelli D, Locuratolo N, Maffucci A, Curr\u00e0 A, Marinelli L, Fattapposta F. Serotonergic central tone in Parkinson's disease with fatigue: evidence from the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP). Neurosci Lett. 2021, 764:136242. 10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136242","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318263570d","article-title":"Caffeine for treatment of Parkinson disease. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"79","author":"Postuma RB","year":"2012","unstructured":"Postuma RB, Lang AE, Munhoz RP, et al.. Caffeine for treatment of Parkinson disease. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2012, 79:651-8. 10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318263570d","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.05.056","article-title":"The role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: clinical cases and a review of the literature","volume":"90","author":"Pagonabarraga J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pagonabarraga J, Tinazzi M, Caccia C, Jost WH. The role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: clinical cases and a review of the literature. J Clin Neurosci. 2021, 90:178-83. 10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.05.056","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.03.001","article-title":"Intracortical GABAergic dysfunction in patients with fatigue and dysexecutive syndrome after COVID-19","volume":"132","author":"Versace V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Versace V, Sebastianelli L, Ferrazzoli D, et al.. Intracortical GABAergic dysfunction in patients with fatigue and dysexecutive syndrome after COVID-19. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021, 132:1138-43. 10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.03.001","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-018-8499-5","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein in Parkinson\u2019s disease: associations with motor and non-motor symptoms","volume":"20","author":"Sanjari Moghaddam H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sanjari Moghaddam H, Valitabar Z, Ashraf-Ganjouei A, Mojtahed Zadeh M, Ghazi Sherbaf F, Aarabi MH. Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein in Parkinson\u2019s disease: associations with motor and non-motor symptoms. Neuromolecular Med. 2018, 20:376-85. 10.1007\/s12017-018-8499-5","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-018-1015-8","article-title":"Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation should be both considered in the occurrence of fatigue and depression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"120","author":"Katarina V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Katarina V, Gordana T, Svetlana MD, Milica B. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation should be both considered in the occurrence of fatigue and depression in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Belg. 2020, 120:853-61. 10.1007\/s13760-018-1015-8","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00195","article-title":"Biomarkers for dementia, fatigue, and depression in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Prell T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prell T, Witte OW, Grosskreutz J. Biomarkers for dementia, fatigue, and depression in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Neurol. 2019, 10:195. 10.3389\/fneur.2019.00195","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.07.007","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers in Parkinson's disease--associations with depression, fatigue, and cognitive impairment","volume":"33","author":"Lindqvist D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lindqvist D, Hall S, Surova Y, Nielsen HM, Janelidze S, Brundin L, Hansson O. Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers in Parkinson's disease--associations with depression, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Brain Behav Immun. 2013, 33:183-9. 10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.07.007","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.09.030","article-title":"IL-6 serum levels are elevated in Parkinson's disease patients with fatigue compared to patients without fatigue","volume":"370","author":"Pereira JR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pereira JR, Santos LV, Santos RM, et al.. IL-6 serum levels are elevated in Parkinson's disease patients with fatigue compared to patients without fatigue. J Neurol Sci. 2016, 370:153-6. 10.1016\/j.jns.2016.09.030","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578222","article-title":"Plasma TNF-\u03b1 and phosphorylated \u03b1-syn are associated with fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"385","author":"Wang L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, Yi H, Liang X, et al.. Plasma TNF-\u03b1 and phosphorylated \u03b1-syn are associated with fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neuroimmunol. 2023, 385:578222. 10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578222","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.07.004","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: potential environmental triggers, pathways, and targets for early therapeutic intervention","volume":"208","author":"Tansey MG","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tansey MG, McCoy MK, Frank-Cannon TC. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: potential environmental triggers, pathways, and targets for early therapeutic intervention. Exp Neurol. 2007, 208:1-25. 10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.07.004","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106844","article-title":"Possible inflammatory mechanisms and predictors of Parkinson's disease patients with fatigue (brief review)","volume":"208","author":"Wang H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang H, Liu Y, Zhao J, Guo X, Hu M, Chen Y. Possible inflammatory mechanisms and predictors of Parkinson's disease patients with fatigue (brief review). Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021, 208:106844. 10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106844","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302402","article-title":"A clinical and family history study of Parkinson's disease in heterozygous glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers","volume":"83","author":"McNeill A","year":"2012","unstructured":"McNeill A, Duran R, Hughes DA, Mehta A, Schapira AH. A clinical and family history study of Parkinson's disease in heterozygous glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012, 83:853-4. 10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302402","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24063","article-title":"Gaucher disease types 1 and 3: phenotypic characterization of large populations from the ICGG Gaucher Registry","volume":"90 Suppl 1","author":"Grabowski GA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grabowski GA, Zimran A, Ida H. Gaucher disease types 1 and 3: phenotypic characterization of large populations from the ICGG Gaucher Registry. Am J Hematol. 2015, 90 Suppl 1:S12-8. 10.1002\/ajh.24063","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.10.004","article-title":"The LRRK2 G2385R variant is a risk factor for sporadic Parkinson's disease in the Korean population","volume":"16","author":"Kim JM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim JM, Lee JY, Kim HJ, et al.. The LRRK2 G2385R variant is a risk factor for sporadic Parkinson's disease in the Korean population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010, 16:85-8. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.10.004","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.09.016","article-title":"Fatigue correlates with LRRK2 G2385R variant in Chinese Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"44","author":"Fu R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fu R, Cui SS, Du JJ, et al.. Fatigue correlates with LRRK2 G2385R variant in Chinese Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2017, 44:101-5. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.09.016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51301","article-title":"Peripheral synucleinopathy in Parkinson disease with LRRK2 G2385R variants","volume":"8","author":"Yang J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang J, Wang H, Yuan Y, et al.. Peripheral synucleinopathy in Parkinson disease with LRRK2 G2385R variants. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2021, 8:592-602. 10.1002\/acn3.51301","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404575","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamism and heart disease: changing shape and shaping change","volume":"7","author":"Dorn GW 2nd","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dorn GW 2nd. Mitochondrial dynamism and heart disease: changing shape and shaping change. EMBO Mol Med. 2015, 7:865-77. 10.15252\/emmm.201404575","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21380","article-title":"Genomic investigation of alpha-synuclein multiplication and parkinsonism","volume":"63","author":"Ross OA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ross OA, Braithwaite AT, Skipper LM, et al.. Genomic investigation of alpha-synuclein multiplication and parkinsonism. Ann Neurol. 2008, 63:743-50. 10.1002\/ana.21380","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065914","article-title":"Alpha synuclein: neurodegeneration and inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Forloni G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Forloni G. Alpha synuclein: neurodegeneration and inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:5914. 10.3390\/ijms24065914","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2016.12.2.172","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease with fatigue: clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms relevant to \u03b1-synuclein oligomer","volume":"12","author":"Zuo LJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zuo LJ, Yu SY, Wang F, et al.. Parkinson\u2019s disease with fatigue: clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms relevant to \u03b1-synuclein oligomer. J Clin Neurol. 2016, 12:172-80. 10.3988\/jcn.2016.12.2.172","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15794-2","article-title":"Fatigue in neurological disorders","volume":"363","author":"Chaudhuri A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Fatigue in neurological disorders. Lancet. 2004, 363:978-88. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15794-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.2.277","article-title":"Fatigue and regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in multiple sclerosis","volume":"62","author":"Gottschalk M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gottschalk M, K\u00fcmpfel T, Flachenecker P, Uhr M, Trenkwalder C, Holsboer F, Weber F. Fatigue and regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2005, 62:277-80. 10.1001\/archneur.62.2.277","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0484","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency following infectious diseases of the central nervous system","volume":"158","author":"Schaefer S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schaefer S, Boegershausen N, Meyer S, Ivan D, Schepelmann K, Kann PH. Hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency following infectious diseases of the central nervous system. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008, 158:3-9. 10.1530\/EJE-07-0484","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.11.019","article-title":"The relation of testosterone levels with fatigue and apathy in Parkinson's disease","volume":"111","author":"Kenangil G","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kenangil G, Orken DN, Ur E, Forta H, Celik M. The relation of testosterone levels with fatigue and apathy in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2009, 111:412-4. 10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.11.019","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311425925","article-title":"Quadriceps muscle weakness, activation deficits, and fatigue with Parkinson disease","volume":"26","author":"Stevens-Lapsley J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stevens-Lapsley J, Kluger BM, Schenkman M. Quadriceps muscle weakness, activation deficits, and fatigue with Parkinson disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012, 26:533-41. 10.1177\/1545968311425925","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mi.2024.194","article-title":"Cardiovascular dysautonomia and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (review)","volume":"4","author":"Khalil I","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khalil I, Sayad R, Kedwany AM, Sayed HH, Caprara AL, Rissardo JP. Cardiovascular dysautonomia and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (review). Med Int (Lond). 2024, 4:70. 10.3892\/mi.2024.194","journal-title":"Med Int (Lond)"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21460","article-title":"Dopamine levels after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex in patients with Parkinson's disease: preliminary results","volume":"22","author":"Khedr EM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khedr EM, Rothwell JC, Shawky OA, Ahmed MA, Foly N, Hamdy A. Dopamine levels after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex in patients with Parkinson's disease: preliminary results. Mov Disord. 2007, 22:1046-50. 10.1002\/mds.21460","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13101471","article-title":"Cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Pitton Rissardo J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pitton Rissardo J, Fornari Caprara AL. Cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a comprehensive review. Brain Sci. 2023, 13:1471. 10.3390\/brainsci13101471","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-230212","article-title":"The impact of motor, non-motor, and social aspects on the sexual health of men living with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Souza BR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Souza BR, N\u00f3brega KC, Silva BE, et al.. The impact of motor, non-motor, and social aspects on the sexual health of men living with Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2024, 14:565-74. 10.3233\/JPD-230212","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050935","article-title":"Clinical symptoms influencing Parkinson\u2019s patients\u2019 quality of life in Latvia: a single-center cohort study","volume":"59","author":"Minibajeva O","year":"2023","unstructured":"Minibajeva O, Zelti\u0146a E, Karelis G, Kurj\u0101ne N, \u0136\u0113ni\u0146a V. Clinical symptoms influencing Parkinson\u2019s patients\u2019 quality of life in Latvia: a single-center cohort study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023, 59:935. 10.3390\/medicina59050935","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1133705","article-title":"Characteristics of fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Zhou X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou X, Xiang Y, Song T, et al.. Characteristics of fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal cohort study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023, 15:1133705. 10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1133705","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5764-DN-2021-0083","article-title":"Fatigue in Brazilian patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Nassif DV","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nassif DV, Pereira JS. Fatigue in Brazilian patients with Parkinson's disease. Dement Neuropsychol. 2022, 16:237-42. 10.1590\/1980-5764-DN-2021-0083","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29399\/npa.27486","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease in western Turkey","volume":"59","author":"G\u00fcler S","year":"2022","unstructured":"G\u00fcler S, Caylan A, Turan FN, Da\u011fdeviren N. Prevalence and clinical features of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease in western Turkey. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2022, 59:98-104. 10.29399\/npa.27486","journal-title":"Noro Psikiyatr Ars"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.720921","article-title":"Deconstructing apathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: challenges in isolating core components of apathy from depression, anxiety, and fatigue","volume":"12","author":"Ineichen C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ineichen C, Baumann-Vogel H. Deconstructing apathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: challenges in isolating core components of apathy from depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Front Neurol. 2021, 12:720921. 10.3389\/fneur.2021.720921","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.08.019","article-title":"Predictors of fatigue severity in early, de novo Parkinson disease patients: A 1-year longitudinal study","volume":"79","author":"Siciliano M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siciliano M, Trojano L, De Micco R, et al.. Predictors of fatigue severity in early, de novo Parkinson disease patients: A 1-year longitudinal study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020, 79:3-8. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.08.019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-016-0056-2","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of fatigued Parkinson's patients and the response to dopaminergic treatment","volume":"5","author":"Fu R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fu R, Luo XG, Ren Y, He ZY, Lv H. Clinical characteristics of fatigued Parkinson's patients and the response to dopaminergic treatment. Transl Neurodegener. 2016, 5:9. 10.1186\/s40035-016-0056-2","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13010070","article-title":"Changes in subjective cognitive and social functioning in Parkinson\u2019s disease from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Mukadam N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mukadam N, Kinger SB, Neargarder S, et al.. Changes in subjective cognitive and social functioning in Parkinson\u2019s disease from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare (Basel). 2025, 13:70. 10.3390\/healthcare13010070","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.07.007","article-title":"The Parkinson fatigue scale","volume":"11","author":"Brown RG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown RG, Dittner A, Findley L, Wessely SC. The Parkinson fatigue scale. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2005, 11:49-55. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.07.007","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26077","article-title":"The onset of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (the ONSET PD study)","volume":"30","author":"Pont-Sunyer C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pont-Sunyer C, Hotter A, Gaig C, et al.. The onset of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (the ONSET PD study). Mov Disord. 2015, 30:229-37. 10.1002\/mds.26077","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70287-X","article-title":"Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson's disease in primary care: a case-control study","volume":"14","author":"Schrag A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schrag A, Horsfall L, Walters K, Noyce A, Petersen I. Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson's disease in primary care: a case-control study. Lancet Neurol. 2015, 14:57-64. 10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70287-X","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.07.010","article-title":"Importance of motor vs. non-motor symptoms for health-related quality of life in early Parkinson's disease","volume":"19","author":"M\u00fcller B","year":"2013","unstructured":"M\u00fcller B, Assmus J, Herlofson K, Larsen JP, Tysnes OB. Importance of motor vs. non-motor symptoms for health-related quality of life in early Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013, 19:1027-32. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.07.010","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.4954","article-title":"Fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease: impact on quality of life","volume":"50","author":"Miwa H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miwa H, Miwa T. Fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease: impact on quality of life. Intern Med. 2011, 50:1553-8. 10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.4954","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2011.587120","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Friedman JH","year":"2011","unstructured":"Friedman JH, Abrantes A, Sweet LH. Fatigue in Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011, 12:1999-2007. 10.1517\/14656566.2011.587120","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101343","article-title":"Analysis of influencing factors of apathy in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Luo R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo R, Qi Y, He J, Zheng X, Ren W, Chang Y. Analysis of influencing factors of apathy in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Sci. 2022, 12:1343. 10.3390\/brainsci12101343","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.05.007","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson's disease","volume":"133","author":"Kluger BM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kluger BM. Fatigue in Parkinson's disease. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2017, 133:743-68. 10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.05.007","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280701257247","article-title":"Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) in Parkinson's disease","volume":"29","author":"Zesiewicz TA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zesiewicz TA, Patel-Larson A, Hauser RA, Sullivan KL. Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) in Parkinson's disease. Disabil Rehabil. 2007, 29:1934-6. 10.1080\/09638280701257247","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.07.007","article-title":"The association between fatigue and apathy in patients with either Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Cochrane GD","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cochrane GD, Rizvi S, Abrantes AM, Crabtree B, Cahill J, Friedman JH. The association between fatigue and apathy in patients with either Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015, 21:1093-5. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.07.007","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513503355","article-title":"Impact of fatigue on health-related quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Elbers RG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elbers RG, van Wegen EE, Verhoef J, Kwakkel G. Impact of fatigue on health-related quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a prospective study. Clin Rehabil. 2014, 28:300-11. 10.1177\/0269215513503355","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.10.005","article-title":"The impact of non-motor symptoms on the Health-Related Quality of Life of Parkinson's disease patients from Southwest China","volume":"20","author":"Song W","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song W, Guo X, Chen K, et al.. The impact of non-motor symptoms on the Health-Related Quality of Life of Parkinson's disease patients from Southwest China. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014, 20:149-52. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.10.005","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2340-9","article-title":"Independent effect of fatigue on health-related quality of life in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"36","author":"Dogan VB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dogan VB, Koksal A, Dirican A, Baybas S, Dirican A, Dogan GB. Independent effect of fatigue on health-related quality of life in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci. 2015, 36:2221-6. 10.1007\/s10072-015-2340-9","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.43.10.2016","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson's disease","volume":"43","author":"Friedman J","year":"1993","unstructured":"Friedman J, Friedman H. Fatigue in Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1993, 43:2016-8. 10.1212\/wnl.43.10.2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","article-title":"The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"46","author":"Krupp LB","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD. The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol. 1989, 46:1121-3. 10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90104-N","article-title":"The measurement of fatigue: a new instrument","volume":"37","author":"Schwartz JE","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schwartz JE, Jandorf L, Krupp LB. The measurement of fatigue: a new instrument. J Psychosom Res. 1993, 37:753-62.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.11.013","article-title":"Validation of the modified fatigue impact scale in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Schiehser DM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schiehser DM, Ayers CR, Liu L, Lessig S, Song DS, Filoteo JV. Validation of the modified fatigue impact scale in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013, 19:335-8. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.11.013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-4181-0","article-title":"Impact of fatigue in Parkinson's disease: the Fatigue Impact Scale for Daily Use (D-FIS)","volume":"15","author":"Martinez-Martin P","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martinez-Martin P, Catalan MJ, Benito-Leon J, et al.. Impact of fatigue in Parkinson's disease: the Fatigue Impact Scale for Daily Use (D-FIS). Qual Life Res. 2006, 15:597-606. 10.1007\/s11136-005-4181-0","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2006.05.021","article-title":"Measuring fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a psychometric study of two brief generic fatigue questionnaires","volume":"32","author":"Hagell P","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hagell P, H\u00f6glund A, Reimer J, Eriksson B, Knutsson I, Widner H, Cella D. Measuring fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a psychometric study of two brief generic fatigue questionnaires. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006, 32:420-32. 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2006.05.021","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_74_22","article-title":"Phenytoin-associated movement disorder. A literature review","volume":"34","author":"Rissardo JP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rissardo JP, Caprara AL. Phenytoin-associated movement disorder. A literature review. Tzu Chi Med J. 2022, 34:409-17. 10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_74_22","journal-title":"Tzu Chi Med J"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2023.100228","article-title":"Screening cut-off scores for clinically significant fatigue in early Parkinson's disease","volume":"9","author":"Huether AX","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huether AX, Pottinger T, Lou JS. Screening cut-off scores for clinically significant fatigue in early Parkinson's disease. Clin Park Relat Disord. 2023, 9:100228. 10.1016\/j.prdoa.2023.100228","journal-title":"Clin Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20407\/fmj.2018-014","article-title":"Fatigue evaluated using the 16-item Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS-16) predicts Parkinson's disease prognosis [Article in Japanese]","volume":"5","author":"Niimi Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niimi Y, Shima S, Mizutani Y, Ueda A, Ito S, Mutoh T. Fatigue evaluated using the 16-item Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS-16) predicts Parkinson's disease prognosis [Article in Japanese]. Fujita Med J. 2019, 5:45-8. 10.20407\/fmj.2018-014","journal-title":"Fujita Med J"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1554-z","article-title":"The dimensionality of fatigue in Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Chong R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chong R, Albor L, Wakade C, Morgan J. The dimensionality of fatigue in Parkinson's disease. J Transl Med. 2018, 16:192. 10.1186\/s12967-018-1554-z","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aomd.aomd_99_24","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2014a narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Panigrahi B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Panigrahi B, Pillai KS, Radhakrishnan DM, Rajan R, Srivastava AK. Fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2014a narrative review. Ann Mov Disord. 2024, 7:157-71. 10.4103\/aomd.aomd_99_24","journal-title":"Ann Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031531","article-title":"The association of apathy with central fatigue perception in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"127","author":"S\u00e1ez-Franc\u00e0s N","year":"2013","unstructured":"S\u00e1ez-Franc\u00e0s N, Hern\u00e1ndez-Vara J, Corominas Roso M, Alegre Mart\u00edn J, Casas Brugu\u00e9 M. The association of apathy with central fatigue perception in patients with Parkinson's disease. Behav Neurosci. 2013, 127:237-44. 10.1037\/a0031531","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.159772","article-title":"Towards an understanding of fatigue in Parkinson disease","volume":"80","author":"Hagell P","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hagell P, Brundin L. Towards an understanding of fatigue in Parkinson disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009, 80:489-92. 10.1136\/jnnp.2008.159772","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000498883","article-title":"Effects of cognitive performance and affective status on fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Spirgi S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spirgi S, Meyer A, Calabrese P, Gschwandtner U, Fuhr P. Effects of cognitive performance and affective status on fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2019, 9:344-51. 10.1159\/000498883","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245285","article-title":"Triggers and alleviating factors for fatigue in Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Lin I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin I, Edison B, Mantri S, et al.. Triggers and alleviating factors for fatigue in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One. 2021, 16:e0245285. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0245285","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22731","article-title":"Fatigue in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease: a study using Parkinson fatigue scale","volume":"24","author":"Okuma Y","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okuma Y, Kamei S, Morita A, et al.. Fatigue in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease: a study using Parkinson fatigue scale. Mov Disord. 2009, 24:1977-83. 10.1002\/mds.22731","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.998103","article-title":"Poor sleep quality is associated with fatigue and depression in early Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal study in the PALS cohort","volume":"13","author":"Koh MR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koh MR, Chua CY, Ng SY, et al.. Poor sleep quality is associated with fatigue and depression in early Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal study in the PALS cohort. Front Neurol. 2022, 13:998103. 10.3389\/fneur.2022.998103","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-017-0868-6","article-title":"Sleep quality is associated with the severity of clinical symptoms in Parkinson's disease","volume":"118","author":"Junho BT","year":"2018","unstructured":"Junho BT, Kummer A, Cardoso FE, Teixeira AL, Rocha NP. Sleep quality is associated with the severity of clinical symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Belg. 2018, 118:85-91. 10.1007\/s13760-017-0868-6","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7207-5","article-title":"Association between fatigue and other motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"261","author":"Solla P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Solla P, Cannas A, Mulas CS, Perra S, Corona A, Bassareo PP, Marrosu F. Association between fatigue and other motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients. J Neurol. 2014, 261:382-91. 10.1007\/s00415-013-7207-5","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.15083","article-title":"Impact of motor features on non-motor symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson's disease: cognition, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and dysautonomia","volume":"25","author":"Kwon KY","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kwon KY, Joo BE, You J, Kim RO. Impact of motor features on non-motor symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson's disease: cognition, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and dysautonomia. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2025, 25:392-7. 10.1111\/ggi.15083","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.003","article-title":"Relationship between poor decision-making process and fatigue perception in Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"337","author":"S\u00e1ez-Franc\u00e0s N","year":"2014","unstructured":"S\u00e1ez-Franc\u00e0s N, Hern\u00e1ndez-Vara J, Corominas-Roso M, Alegre J, Jacas C, Casas M. Relationship between poor decision-making process and fatigue perception in Parkinson's disease patients. J Neurol Sci. 2014, 337:167-72. 10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.003","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000144277.06917.cc","article-title":"Is fatigue an independent and persistent symptom in patients with Parkinson disease?","volume":"63","author":"Alves G","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alves G, Wentzel-Larsen T, Larsen JP. Is fatigue an independent and persistent symptom in patients with Parkinson disease?. Neurology. 2004, 63:1908-11. 10.1212\/01.wnl.0000144277.06917.cc","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07466-z","article-title":"Association between fatigue and MDS-UPDRS in individuals with Parkinson's disease: cross-sectional study","volume":"45","author":"Terra MB","year":"2024","unstructured":"Terra MB, Lopes J, Bueno ME, Trinca LA, Smaili SM. Association between fatigue and MDS-UPDRS in individuals with Parkinson's disease: cross-sectional study. Neurol Sci. 2024, 45:4309-21. 10.1007\/s10072-024-07466-z","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6392-3","article-title":"Gender-related differences in the burden of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease","volume":"259","author":"Martinez-Martin P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martinez-Martin P, Falup Pecurariu C, Odin P, et al.. Gender-related differences in the burden of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol. 2012, 259:1639-47. 10.1007\/s00415-011-6392-3","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23372","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: prevalence and associated factors","volume":"25","author":"Beiske AG","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beiske AG, Loge JH, Hjermstad MJ, Svensson E. Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: prevalence and associated factors. Mov Disord. 2010, 25:2456-60. 10.1002\/mds.23372","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940410028406","article-title":"Fatigue in the general population: a translation and test of the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the fatigue severity scale","volume":"33","author":"Lerdal A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lerdal A, Wahl A, Rust\u00f8en T, Hanestad BR, Moum T. Fatigue in the general population: a translation and test of the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the fatigue severity scale. Scand J Public Health. 2005, 33:123-30. 10.1080\/14034940410028406","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14520","article-title":"Progression of fatigue in Parkinson's disease - a 9-year follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Ongre SO","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ongre SO, Dalen I, Tysnes OB, Alves G, Herlofson K. Progression of fatigue in Parkinson's disease - a 9-year follow-up. Eur J Neurol. 2021, 28:108-16. 10.1111\/ene.14520","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.701906","article-title":"Progression of fatigue in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: a 3-year prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Ou R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ou R, Hou Y, Liu K, et al.. Progression of fatigue in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: a 3-year prospective cohort study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021, 13:701906. 10.3389\/fnagi.2021.701906","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.050005","article-title":"Experienced fatigue in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and HMSN-I","volume":"76","author":"Kalkman JS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kalkman JS, Schillings ML, van der Werf SP, Padberg GW, Zwarts MJ, van Engelen BG, Bleijenberg G. Experienced fatigue in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and HMSN-I. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005, 76:1406-9. 10.1136\/jnnp.2004.050005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03063.x","article-title":"Fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness in idiopathic Parkinson's disease differently correlate with motor symptoms, depression and dopaminergic treatment","volume":"17","author":"Valko PO","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valko PO, Waldvogel D, Weller M, Bassetti CL, Held U, Baumann CR. Fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness in idiopathic Parkinson's disease differently correlate with motor symptoms, depression and dopaminergic treatment. Eur J Neurol. 2010, 17:1428-36. 10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03063.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1099","article-title":"Comorbidity of the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Shulman LM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shulman LM, Taback RL, Bean J, Weiner WJ. Comorbidity of the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2001, 16:507-10. 10.1002\/mds.1099","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1212876","article-title":"Looking deeper: does a connection exist between fatigue and attentional deficits in Parkinson's disease? A conceptual framework","volume":"14","author":"Ortelli P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ortelli P, Versace V, Saltuari L, et al.. Looking deeper: does a connection exist between fatigue and attentional deficits in Parkinson's disease? A conceptual framework. Front Neurol. 2023, 14:1212876. 10.3389\/fneur.2023.1212876","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.03.018","article-title":"Fatigue in hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, and functional movement disorders","volume":"86","author":"Di Vico IA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Di Vico IA, Cirillo G, Tessitore A, et al.. Fatigue in hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, and functional movement disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021, 86:114-23. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.03.018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/769506","article-title":"The prevalence of fatigue following deep brain stimulation surgery in Parkinson's disease and association with quality of life","volume":"2012","author":"Kluger BM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kluger BM, Parra V, Jacobson C, et al.. The prevalence of fatigue following deep brain stimulation surgery in Parkinson's disease and association with quality of life. Parkinsons Dis. 2012, 2012:769506. 10.1155\/2012\/769506","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59111991","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for the management of refractory neurological disorders: a comprehensive review","volume":"59","author":"Rissardo JP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rissardo JP, Vora NM, Tariq I, Mujtaba A, Caprara AL. Deep brain stimulation for the management of refractory neurological disorders: a comprehensive review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023, 59:10.3390\/medicina59111991","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2021.1961681","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on fatigue in Parkinson's Disease as measured by the non-motor symptoms scale","volume":"38","author":"Lazcano-Ocampo C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lazcano-Ocampo C, van Wamelen D, Samuel M, et al.. Evaluation of the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on fatigue in Parkinson's Disease as measured by the non-motor symptoms scale. Br J Neurosurg. 2024, 38:712-5. 10.1080\/02688697.2021.1961681","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22596","article-title":"Intrajejunal levodopa infusion in Parkinson's disease: a pilot multicenter study of effects on nonmotor symptoms and quality of life","volume":"24","author":"Honig H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Honig H, Antonini A, Martinez-Martin P, et al.. Intrajejunal levodopa infusion in Parkinson's disease: a pilot multicenter study of effects on nonmotor symptoms and quality of life. Mov Disord. 2009, 24:1468-74. 10.1002\/mds.22596","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.03.003","article-title":"Doxepin and cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in patients with Parkinson's disease -- a randomized study","volume":"19","author":"Rios Romenets S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rios Romenets S, Creti L, Fichten C, Bailes S, Libman E, Pelletier A, Postuma RB. Doxepin and cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in patients with Parkinson's disease -- a randomized study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013, 19:670-5. 10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.03.003","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01277.2013","article-title":"Novel, high-intensity exercise prescription improves muscle mass, mitochondrial function, and physical capacity in individuals with Parkinson's disease","volume":"116","author":"Kelly NA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kelly NA, Ford MP, Standaert DG, et al.. Novel, high-intensity exercise prescription improves muscle mass, mitochondrial function, and physical capacity in individuals with Parkinson's disease. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014, 116:582-92. 10.1152\/japplphysiol.01277.2013","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000644","article-title":"Phase I\/II randomized trial of aerobic exercise in Parkinson disease in a community setting","volume":"83","author":"Uc EY","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uc EY, Doerschug KC, Magnotta V, et al.. Phase I\/II randomized trial of aerobic exercise in Parkinson disease in a community setting. Neurology. 2014, 83:413-25. 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000644","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215511432652","article-title":"Home-based treadmill training for individuals with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"26","author":"Canning CG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Canning CG, Allen NE, Dean CM, Goh L, Fung VS. Home-based treadmill training for individuals with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Clin Rehabil. 2012, 26:817-26. 10.1177\/0269215511432652","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22728","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"35","author":"Carpenter JK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carpenter JK, Andrews LA, Witcraft SM, Powers MB, Smits JA, Hofmann SG. Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Depress Anxiety. 2018, 35:502-14. 10.1002\/da.22728","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.793804","article-title":"Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on mood disorders, sleep, fatigue, and quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Luo F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo F, Ye M, Lv T, et al.. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on mood disorders, sleep, fatigue, and quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2021, 12:793804. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.793804","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11539720-000000000-00000","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"25","author":"Knie B","year":"2011","unstructured":"Knie B, Mitra MT, Logishetty K, Chaudhuri KR. Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease. CNS Drugs. 2011, 25:203-12. 10.2165\/11539720-000000000-00000","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610219001212","article-title":"Factors related to sleep disturbances for individuals with Parkinson's disease: a regional perspective","volume":"32","author":"Wade R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wade R, Pachana NA, Mellick G, Dissanayaka N. Factors related to sleep disturbances for individuals with Parkinson's disease: a regional perspective. Int Psychogeriatr. 2020, 32:827-38. 10.1017\/S1041610219001212","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.17862","article-title":"Acupuncture and sleep quality among patients with Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Yan M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan M, Fan J, Liu X, et al.. Acupuncture and sleep quality among patients with Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024, 7:e2417862. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.17862","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103134","article-title":"Traditional Chinese exercises for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Tan W","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tan W, Pan Z, He J, et al.. Traditional Chinese exercises for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2025, 89:103134. 10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103134","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6083","article-title":"Interleukin-8 predicts fatigue at 12 months post-injury in children with traumatic brain injury","volume":"38","author":"Crichton A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crichton A, Ignjatovic V, Babl FE, et al.. Interleukin-8 predicts fatigue at 12 months post-injury in children with traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2021, 38:1151-63. 10.1089\/neu.2018.6083","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29715","article-title":"Fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a proteomic study of cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"39","author":"Eidem LE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eidem LE, Birkeland E, Austdal M, et al.. Fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a proteomic study of cerebrospinal fluid. Mov Disord. 2024, 39:749-51. 10.1002\/mds.29715","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08919887231163291","article-title":"Pharmacological and behavioral interventions for fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Jiang C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang C, Luo Y, Qu Y, Wang C, Li Z, Zhou J, Xu Z. Pharmacological and behavioral interventions for fatigue in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2023, 36:487-95. 10.1177\/08919887231163291","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1517807","article-title":"Physical activity, fatigue, and sleep in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a secondary per protocol analysis from an intervention trial","volume":"2018","author":"Coe S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coe S, Franssen M, Collett J, et al.. Physical activity, fatigue, and sleep in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a secondary per protocol analysis from an intervention trial. Parkinsons Dis. 2018, 2018:1517807. 10.1155\/2018\/1517807","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.12.003","article-title":"Neural correlates of perceived physical and mental fatigability in older adults: a pilot study","volume":"115","author":"Wasson E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wasson E, Rosso AL, Santanasto AJ, et al.. Neural correlates of perceived physical and mental fatigability in older adults: a pilot study. Exp Gerontol. 2019, 115:139-47. 10.1016\/j.exger.2018.12.003","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/344799-exploring-fatigue-in-parkinsons-disease-a-comprehensive-literature-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T07:48:44Z","timestamp":1742888924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/344799-exploring-fatigue-in-parkinsons-disease-a-comprehensive-literature-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"references-count":144,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.81129","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]}}}