{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T04:08:52Z","timestamp":1743653332314,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.81602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T10:53:03Z","timestamp":1743591183000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiple Myeloma With Leptomeningeal Involvement: A Study of Three Cases Exploring Diagnosis and Treatment Challenges"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jamil","family":"Abou Issa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urwat","family":"Vusqa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric M","family":"Behling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tulin","family":"Budak-Alpdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sushil","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17338","article-title":"Expert review on soft-tissue plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma: definition, disease assessment and treatment considerations","volume":"194","author":"Rosi\u00f1ol L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosi\u00f1ol L, Beksac M, Zamagni E, et al.. Expert review on soft-tissue plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma: definition, disease assessment and treatment considerations. Br J Haematol. 2021, 194:496-507. 10.1111\/bjh.17338","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00643-3","article-title":"Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma: a systematic literature review","volume":"12","author":"Blad\u00e9 J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blad\u00e9 J, Beksac M, Caers J, et al.. Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma: a systematic literature review. Blood Cancer J. 2022, 12:45. 10.1038\/s41408-022-00643-3","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.248518","article-title":"Multiple myeloma with central nervous system relapse","volume":"105","author":"Egan PA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Egan PA, Elder PT, Deighan WI, O'Connor SJ, Alexander HD. Multiple myeloma with central nervous system relapse. Haematologica. 2020, 105:1780-90. 10.3324\/haematol.2020.248518","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2013.11.004","article-title":"Patterns of central nervous system involvement in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"14","author":"Abdallah AO","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abdallah AO, Atrash S, Shahid Z, et al.. Patterns of central nervous system involvement in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2014, 14:211-4. 10.1016\/j.clml.2013.11.004","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24351","article-title":"Central nervous system involvement by multiple myeloma: a multi-institutional retrospective study of 172 patients in daily clinical practice","volume":"91","author":"Jurczyszyn A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jurczyszyn A, Grzasko N, Gozzetti A, et al.. Central nervous system involvement by multiple myeloma: a multi-institutional retrospective study of 172 patients in daily clinical practice. Am J Hematol. 2016, 91:575-80. 10.1002\/ajh.24351","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-7-223","article-title":"The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development","volume":"7","author":"Gagnier JJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gagnier JJ, Kienle G, Altman DG, Moher D, Sox H, Riley D. The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development. J Med Case Rep. 2013, 7:223. 10.1186\/1752-1947-7-223","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27425","article-title":"Central nervous system multiple myeloma: a real-world multi-institutional study of the Greek Myeloma Study Group","volume":"99","author":"Katodritou E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Katodritou E, Dalampira D, Delimpasi S, et al.. Central nervous system multiple myeloma: a real-world multi-institutional study of the Greek Myeloma Study Group. Am J Hematol. 2024, 99:1897-905. 10.1002\/ajh.27425","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2020.7673","article-title":"Defining and managing high-risk multiple myeloma: current concepts","volume":"18","author":"Costa LJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Costa LJ, Usmani SZ. Defining and managing high-risk multiple myeloma: current concepts. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2020, 18:1730-7. 10.6004\/jnccn.2020.7673","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp329","article-title":"Incidence, presenting features and outcome of extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma: a longitudinal study on 1003 consecutive patients","volume":"21","author":"Varettoni M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Varettoni M, Corso A, Pica G, Mangiacavalli S, Pascutto C, Lazzarino M. Incidence, presenting features and outcome of extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma: a longitudinal study on 1003 consecutive patients. Ann Oncol. 2010, 21:325-30. 10.1093\/annonc\/mdp329","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404085","article-title":"Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation is associated with a high incidence of extramedullary relapses in multiple myeloma patients","volume":"20","author":"P\u00e9rez-Sim\u00f3n JA","year":"2006","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Sim\u00f3n JA, Sureda A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Aviles F, et al.. Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation is associated with a high incidence of extramedullary relapses in multiple myeloma patients. Leukemia. 2006, 20:542-5. 10.1038\/sj.leu.2404085","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.934240","article-title":"Central nervous system myeloma and unusual extramedullary localizations: real life practical guidance","volume":"12","author":"Sammartano V","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sammartano V, Cerase A, Venanzi V, et al.. Central nervous system myeloma and unusual extramedullary localizations: real life practical guidance. Front Oncol. 2022, 12:934240. 10.3389\/fonc.2022.934240","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2007.00956.x","article-title":"Central nervous system myelomatosis: review of the literature","volume":"80","author":"Nieuwenhuizen L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuizen L, Biesma DH. Central nervous system myelomatosis: review of the literature. Eur J Haematol. 2008, 80:1-9. 10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2007.00956.x","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.29","article-title":"Incidence of extramedullary disease in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of novel therapy, and the activity of pomalidomide on extramedullary myeloma","volume":"25","author":"Short KD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Short KD, Rajkumar SV, Larson D, et al.. Incidence of extramedullary disease in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of novel therapy, and the activity of pomalidomide on extramedullary myeloma. Leukemia. 2011, 25:906-8. 10.1038\/leu.2011.29","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14498","article-title":"Marizomib for central nervous system-multiple myeloma","volume":"177","author":"Badros A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Badros A, Singh Z, Dhakal B, et al.. Marizomib for central nervous system-multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2017, 177:221-5. 10.1111\/bjh.14498","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14987","article-title":"A phase 1 clinical trial evaluating marizomib, pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (NPI-0052-107): final study results","volume":"180","author":"Spencer A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spencer A, Harrison S, Zonder J, et al.. A phase 1 clinical trial evaluating marizomib, pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (NPI-0052-107): final study results. Br J Haematol. 2018, 180:41-51. 10.1111\/bjh.14987","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12414","article-title":"Central nervous system involvement with multiple myeloma: long term survival can be achieved with radiation, intrathecal chemotherapy, and immunomodulatory agents","volume":"162","author":"Chen CI","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen CI, Masih-Khan E, Jiang H, et al.. Central nervous system involvement with multiple myeloma: long term survival can be achieved with radiation, intrathecal chemotherapy, and immunomodulatory agents. Br J Haematol. 2013, 162:483-8. 10.1111\/bjh.12414","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00730-5","article-title":"Paraskeletal and extramedullary plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma at diagnosis and at first relapse: 50-years of experience from an academic institution","volume":"12","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Segura R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Segura R, Rosi\u00f1ol L, Cibeira MT, et al.. Paraskeletal and extramedullary plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma at diagnosis and at first relapse: 50-years of experience from an academic institution. Blood Cancer J. 2022, 12:135. 10.1038\/s41408-022-00730-5","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/334135-multiple-myeloma-with-leptomeningeal-involvement-a-study-of-three-cases-exploring-diagnosis-and-treatment-challenges","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T10:53:04Z","timestamp":1743591184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/334135-multiple-myeloma-with-leptomeningeal-involvement-a-study-of-three-cases-exploring-diagnosis-and-treatment-challenges"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.81602","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]}}}