{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T04:17:00Z","timestamp":1744345020550,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.82025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T17:47:32Z","timestamp":1744307252000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three in One: A Case Report of Pulmonary Co-infection With a Virus, a Bacterium, and a Fungus in an Immunocompetent Adult"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ahmad B","family":"Al-Zughoul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed G","family":"Elhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14389","article-title":"Trends of global and regional aetiologies, risk factors and mortality of lower respiratory infections from 1990 to 2019: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"28","author":"Kang L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang L, Jing W, Liu J, Liu M. Trends of global and regional aetiologies, risk factors and mortality of lower respiratory infections from 1990 to 2019: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Respirology. 2023, 28:166-75. 10.1111\/resp.14389","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2891-x","article-title":"Etiologic spectrum and occurrence of coinfections in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"17","author":"Jiang W","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang W, Wu M, Zhou J, et al.. Etiologic spectrum and occurrence of coinfections in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis. 2017, 17:787. 10.1186\/s12879-017-2891-x","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix641","article-title":"Etiology and impact of coinfections in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"218","author":"Nolan VG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nolan VG, Arnold SR, Bramley AM, et al.. Etiology and impact of coinfections in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. J Infect Dis. 2018, 218:179-88. 10.1093\/infdis\/jix641","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.749905","article-title":"Prevalence of fungal and bacterial co-infection in pulmonary fungal infections: a metagenomic next generation sequencing-based study","volume":"11","author":"Zhao Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Song J, Yang C, et al.. Prevalence of fungal and bacterial co-infection in pulmonary fungal infections: a metagenomic next generation sequencing-based study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021, 11:749905. 10.3389\/fcimb.2021.749905","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133257","article-title":"Using standardized interpretation of chest radiographs to identify adults with bacterial pneumonia\u2014Guatemala, 2007-2012","volume":"10","author":"Wortham JM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wortham JM, Gray J, Verani J, et al.. Using standardized interpretation of chest radiographs to identify adults with bacterial pneumonia\u2014Guatemala, 2007-2012. PLoS One. 2015, 10:e0133257. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0133257","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2016.00028","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae: how physical and radiological examination contribute to successful diagnosis","volume":"3","author":"Kishaba T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kishaba T. Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae: how physical and radiological examination contribute to successful diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2016, 3:28. 10.3389\/fmed.2016.00028","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195288","article-title":"Clinical manifestations in infants and children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection","volume":"13","author":"S\u00f8ndergaard MJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"S\u00f8ndergaard MJ, Friis MB, Hansen DS, J\u00f8rgensen IM. Clinical manifestations in infants and children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. PLoS One. 2018, 13:e0195288. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0195288","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245547","article-title":"Clinical and radiological findings of adult hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia from SARS-CoV-2 and endemic human coronaviruses","volume":"16","author":"Baek MS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baek MS, Cha MJ, Kim MC, Chung JW, Kim WY, Choi H, Choi SH. Clinical and radiological findings of adult hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia from SARS-CoV-2 and endemic human coronaviruses. PLoS One. 2021, 16:e0245547. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0245547","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07018-x","article-title":"Comparison of the computed tomography findings in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Altmayer S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Altmayer S, Zanon M, Pacini GS, et al.. Comparison of the computed tomography findings in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2020, 30:6485-96. 10.1007\/s00330-020-07018-x","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) in primary care","volume":"101","author":"Herrick KR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herrick KR, Trondle ME, Febles TT. Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) in primary care. Am Fam Physician. 2020, 101:221-8.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.344130134","article-title":"Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis: pictorial review of chest radiographic and CT findings","volume":"34","author":"Jude CM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jude CM, Nayak NB, Patel MK, Deshmukh M, Batra P. Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis: pictorial review of chest radiographic and CT findings. Radiographics. 2014, 34:912-25. 10.1148\/rg.344130134","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01945-17","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2 for detection of viruses and bacteria in nasopharyngeal swab samples","volume":"56","author":"Leber AL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leber AL, Everhart K, Daly JA, et al.. Multicenter evaluation of BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2 for detection of viruses and bacteria in nasopharyngeal swab samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2018, 56:10.1128\/JCM.01945-17","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00242-20","article-title":"Evaluation of commercial molecular diagnostic methods for detection and determination of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae","volume":"58","author":"Leal SM Jr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leal SM Jr, Totten AH, Xiao L, et al.. Evaluation of commercial molecular diagnostic methods for detection and determination of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 2020, 58:10.1128\/JCM.00242-20","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00128-20","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia\/Pneumonia Plus Panel for detection and quantification of agents of lower respiratory tract infection","volume":"58","author":"Murphy CN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murphy CN, Fowler R, Balada-Llasat JM, et al.. Multicenter evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia\/Pneumonia Plus Panel for detection and quantification of agents of lower respiratory tract infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2020, 58:10.1128\/JCM.00128-20","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00343-20","article-title":"Evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel for detection of viral and bacterial pathogens in lower respiratory tract specimens in the setting of a tertiary care academic medical center","volume":"58","author":"Webber DM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Webber DM, Wallace MA, Burnham CA, Anderson NW. Evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel for detection of viral and bacterial pathogens in lower respiratory tract specimens in the setting of a tertiary care academic medical center. J Clin Microbiol. 2020, 58:10.1128\/JCM.00343-20","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz125","article-title":"Comparison of three anti-coccidioides antibody enzyme immunoassay kits for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis","volume":"58","author":"Malo J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malo J, Holbrook E, Zangeneh T, et al.. Comparison of three anti-coccidioides antibody enzyme immunoassay kits for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Med Mycol. 2020, 58:774-8. 10.1093\/mmy\/myz125","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2306821","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis in immunocompetent persons","volume":"390","author":"Galgiani JN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Galgiani JN, Kauffman CA. Coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis in immunocompetent persons. N Engl J Med. 2024, 390:536-47. 10.1056\/NEJMra2306821","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"UC Davis Health. Explanation of Coccidioides diagnostic testing. (2024). https.\/\/health.ucdavis.edu\/valley-fever\/about-valley-fever\/coccidioides-diagnostic-testing\/index.html."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/351627-three-in-one-a-case-report-of-pulmonary-co-infection-with-a-virus-a-bacterium-and-a-fungus-in-an-immunocompetent-adult","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T17:47:33Z","timestamp":1744307253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/351627-three-in-one-a-case-report-of-pulmonary-co-infection-with-a-virus-a-bacterium-and-a-fungus-in-an-immunocompetent-adult"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.82025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]}}}