{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T06:01:12Z","timestamp":1787032872613,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.82464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T15:54:26Z","timestamp":1744905266000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Determinants of Poor Glycemic Control Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Yasir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatema Kamaleldien","family":"Mohamed Abuelass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salah Babiker","family":"Hamd Abdelwahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musab","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousri","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elfahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahid Siddig","family":"Mohmed Elhussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-024-00861-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24\u00a0years from 1990 to 2021: a trend analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"21","author":"Xu ST","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu ST, Sun M, Xiang Y. Global, regional, and national trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24\u00a0years from 1990 to 2021: a trend analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. World J Pediatr. 2025, 21:73-89. 10.1007\/s12519-024-00861-8","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119328","article-title":"An update on the molecular and cellular basis of pharmacotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"24","author":"Mahgoub MO","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahgoub MO, Ali II, Adeghate JO, Tekes K, Kal\u00e1sz H, Adeghate EA. An update on the molecular and cellular basis of pharmacotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:10.3390\/ijms24119328","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.32350\/BSR.53.03","article-title":"Assessment of serum urea and creatinine levels in diabetic patients","volume":"5","author":"Ullah W","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ullah W, Nazir A, Israr H, Hussain S, Farooq M. Assessment of serum urea and creatinine levels in diabetic patients. BioScientific Review. 2023, 5:26-32.","journal-title":"BioScientific Review"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.3","article-title":"Metrics for glycaemic control - from HbA(1c) to continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"13","author":"Kovatchev BP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kovatchev BP. Metrics for glycaemic control - from HbA(1c) to continuous glucose monitoring. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017, 13:425-36. 10.1038\/nrendo.2017.3","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2018.9.4.05","article-title":"Factors that correlate with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with complications","volume":"9","author":"Haghighatpanah M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haghighatpanah M, Nejad AS, Haghighatpanah M, Thunga G, Mallayasamy S. Factors that correlate with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with complications. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018, 9:167-74. 10.24171\/j.phrp.2018.9.4.05","journal-title":"Osong Public Health Res Perspect"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02054-w","article-title":"Choice of HbA1c threshold for identifying individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes and implications for diabetes prevention programmes: a cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Rodgers LR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodgers LR, Hill AV, Dennis JM, et al.. Choice of HbA1c threshold for identifying individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes and implications for diabetes prevention programmes: a cohort study. BMC Med. 2021, 19:184. 10.1186\/s12916-021-02054-w","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02106.x","article-title":"HbA(1c) as a screening tool for detection of Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Bennett CM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bennett CM, Guo M, Dharmage SC. HbA(1c) as a screening tool for detection of Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabet Med. 2007, 24:333-43. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02106.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/BMI.S38440","article-title":"Significance of HbA1c test in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients","volume":"11","author":"Sherwani SI","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sherwani SI, Khan HA, Ekhzaimy A, Masood A, Sakharkar MK. Significance of HbA1c test in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients. Biomark Insights. 2016, 11:95-104. 10.4137\/BMI.S38440","journal-title":"Biomark Insights"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1256024","article-title":"Determinants of poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Tegegne KD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tegegne KD, Gebeyehu NA, Yirdaw LT, Yitayew YA, Kassaw MW. Determinants of poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2024, 12:1256024. 10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1256024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S156214","article-title":"The prevalence and determinants of poor glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"Alzaheb RA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alzaheb RA, Altemani AH. The prevalence and determinants of poor glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2018, 11:15-21. 10.2147\/DMSO.S156214","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Accessed. April 2025: https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2020.114454","article-title":"Factors affecting glycemic control in type II diabetic patients","volume":"81","author":"MS Abd-Elraouf","year":"2020","unstructured":"MS Abd-Elraouf. Factors affecting glycemic control in type II diabetic patients. Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2020, 81:1457-61. 10.21608\/ejhm.2020.114454","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.11683","article-title":"Diabetic complications and factors affecting glycemic control among patients with Type II diabetes mellitus attending the chronic illness clinics at Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","volume":"12","author":"Ghabban SJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghabban SJ, Althobaiti B, Farouk IM, et al.. Diabetic complications and factors affecting glycemic control among patients with Type II diabetes mellitus attending the chronic illness clinics at Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2020, 12:e11683. 10.7759\/cureus.11683","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15416\/ijcp.2020.9.3.198","article-title":"Glycemic control and its factor in type 2 diabetic patients in Jakarta","volume":"9","author":"Maifitrianti M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maifitrianti M, Wulandari N, Haro M, Lestari SF, Fitriani A. Glycemic control and its factor in type 2 diabetic patients in Jakarta. Indones J Clin Pharm. 2020, 9:10.15416\/ijcp.2020.9.3.198","journal-title":"Indones J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5901569","article-title":"Factors associated with poor glycemic and lipid levels in ambulatory diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Asmara, Eritrea: a cross-sectional study","volume":"2020","author":"Achila OO","year":"2020","unstructured":"Achila OO, Ghebretinsae M, Kidane A, Simon M, Makonen S, Rezene Y. Factors associated with poor glycemic and lipid levels in ambulatory diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Asmara, Eritrea: a cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Res. 2020, 2020:5901569. 10.1155\/2020\/5901569","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz107","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of poor glycaemic control: a cross-sectional study among Moroccan type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"14","author":"Chetoui A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chetoui A, Kaoutar K, Elmoussaoui S, Boutahar K, El Kardoudi A, Chigr F, Najimi M. Prevalence and determinants of poor glycaemic control: a cross-sectional study among Moroccan type 2 diabetes patients. Int Health. 2022, 14:390-7. 10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz107","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251506","article-title":"Rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: a cross sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Nigussie S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nigussie S, Birhan N, Amare F, Mengistu G, Adem F, Abegaz TM. Rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. PLoS One. 2021, 16:e0251506. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0251506","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojim.2021.111001","article-title":"Factors associated with prolonged poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients followed in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)","volume":"11","author":"Traor\u00e9 S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Traor\u00e9 S, Guira O, Zoungrana L, et al.. Factors associated with prolonged poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients followed in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Open Journal of Internal Medicine. 2021, 11:1-26. 10.4236\/ojim.2021.111001","journal-title":"Open Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.iee.v39n3e10","article-title":"Poor glycemic control and associated factors in diabetic people attending a reference outpatient clinic in Mato Grosso, Brazil","volume":"39","author":"Espinosa MM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Espinosa MM, Almeida VR, Nascimento VF. Poor glycemic control and associated factors in diabetic people attending a reference outpatient clinic in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Invest Educ Enferm. 2021, 39:10.17533\/udea.iee.v39n3e10","journal-title":"Invest Educ Enferm"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202204_28475","article-title":"Factors associated with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Al-Qerem W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Qerem W, Jarab AS, Badinjki M, Hammad A, Ling J, Alasmari F. Factors associated with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022, 26:2415-21. 10.26355\/eurrev_202204_28475","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/JPRI\/2021\/v33i24A31427","article-title":"Identifying the risk factors and the prevalence of poor glycemic control among diabetic outpatients in a rural region in Saudi Arabia","volume":"p.","author":"Almalki ZS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Almalki ZS, Ahmed NJ, Alahmari AK, Alshehri AM, Alyahya SA, Alqahtani A, Alhajri M. Identifying the risk factors and the prevalence of poor glycemic control among diabetic outpatients in a rural region in Saudi Arabia. Int J Pharm Res. 2021, p.:15-23. 10.9734\/JPRI\/2021\/v33i24A31427","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22317\/jcms.v7i3.970","article-title":"Risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in patients with type two Diabetes mellitus in Zakho city","volume":"7","author":"Rashad BH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rashad BH, Abdi BA, Naqid IA, et al.. Risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in patients with type two Diabetes mellitus in Zakho city. J Contemp Med Sci. 2021, 7:167-70. 10.22317\/jcms.v7i3.970","journal-title":"J Contemp Med Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23937\/2572-407X.1510024","article-title":"The incidence and predictors of poor glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in ambulatory clinic of Mettu Karl referral hospital, south western, Ethiopia: a prospective cross sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Bereda G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bereda G, Bereda G. The incidence and predictors of poor glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in ambulatory clinic of Mettu Karl referral hospital, south western, Ethiopia: a prospective cross sectional study. Int Arch Endocrinol Clin Res. 2021, 7:1-22. 10.23937\/2572-407X.1510024","journal-title":"Int Arch Endocrinol Clin Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr029","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Agardh E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agardh E, Allebeck P, Hallqvist J, Moradi T, Sidorchuk A. Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011, 40:804-18. 10.1093\/ije\/dyr029","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-018-0759-3","article-title":"Inequalities in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Sri Lanka: a lower middle income country","volume":"17","author":"De Silva AP","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Silva AP, De Silva SH, Haniffa R, et al.. Inequalities in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Sri Lanka: a lower middle income country. Int J Equity Health. 2018, 17:45. 10.1186\/s12939-018-0759-3","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107816","article-title":"Comorbid depression and risk of cardiac events and cardiac mortality in people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Farooqi A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farooqi A, Khunti K, Abner S, Gillies C, Morriss R, Seidu S. Comorbid depression and risk of cardiac events and cardiac mortality in people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019, 156:107816. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107816","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci21-0043","article-title":"The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).","volume":"44","author":"Holt RI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Holt RI, DeVries JH, Hess-Fischl A, et al.. The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).. Diabetes Care. 2021, 44:2589-625. 10.2337\/dci21-0043","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00123-2","article-title":"An integrated diabetes and mental health intervention for people with type 1 diabetes and severe disordered eating: a prospective proof-of-concept cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Ismail K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ismail K, Turner D, Brown J, et al.. An integrated diabetes and mental health intervention for people with type 1 diabetes and severe disordered eating: a prospective proof-of-concept cohort study. The Lancet Diabetes &amp; Endocrinology. 2024, 12:442-4. 10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00123-2","journal-title":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2468-8827.184853","article-title":"WHO Global report on diabetes: a summary","volume":"1","author":"Roglic G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roglic G. WHO Global report on diabetes: a summary. Int J Noncommunicable Dis. 2016, 1:3-8. 10.4103\/2468-8827.184853","journal-title":"Int J Noncommunicable Dis"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/360532-determinants-of-poor-glycemic-control-among-type-2-diabetes-patients-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T15:54:27Z","timestamp":1744905267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/360532-determinants-of-poor-glycemic-control-among-type-2-diabetes-patients-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.82464","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]}}}