{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T22:10:36Z","timestamp":1780697436284,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.84144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T09:58:46Z","timestamp":1747303126000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Thirst in ICU Patients: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Megumi","family":"Horinouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Sakuramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Kajiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Mukoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Koyanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiko","family":"Mihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.2.468","article-title":"Thirst","volume":"52","author":"Fitzsimons JT","year":"1972","unstructured":"Fitzsimons JT. Thirst. Physiol Rev. 1972, 52:468-561. 10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.2.468","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2013533","article-title":"Thirst in critically ill patients: from physiology to sensation","volume":"22","author":"Arai S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arai S, Stotts N, Puntillo K. Thirst in critically ill patients: from physiology to sensation. Am J Crit Care. 2013, 22:328-35. 10.4037\/ajcc2013533","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-3117-3","article-title":"Unrecognized suffering in the ICU: addressing dyspnea in mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"40","author":"Schmidt M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Banzett RB, Raux M, Mor\u00e9lot-Panzini C, Dangers L, Similowski T, Demoule A. Unrecognized suffering in the ICU: addressing dyspnea in mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med. 2014, 40:1-10. 10.1007\/s00134-013-3117-3","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181f267ee","article-title":"Symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients at high risk of dying","volume":"38","author":"Puntillo KA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Puntillo KA, Arai S, Cohen NH, Gropper MA, Neuhaus J, Paul SM, Miaskowski C. Symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients at high risk of dying. Crit Care Med. 2010, 38:2155-60. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181f267ee","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07219-0","article-title":"Self-reported symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients: a prospective observational multicenter study","volume":"49","author":"Saltnes-Lilleg\u00e5rd C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saltnes-Lilleg\u00e5rd C, Rust\u00f8en T, Beitland S, Puntillo K, Hagen M, Lerdal A, Hofs\u00f8 K. Self-reported symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients: a prospective observational multicenter study. Intensive Care Med. 2023, 49:1370-82. 10.1007\/s00134-023-07219-0","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2013.11.002","article-title":"Psychological wellbeing, health related quality of life and memories of intensive care and a specialised weaning centre reported by survivors of prolonged mechanical ventilation","volume":"30","author":"Rose L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rose L, Nonoyama M, Rezaie S, Fraser I. Psychological wellbeing, health related quality of life and memories of intensive care and a specialised weaning centre reported by survivors of prolonged mechanical ventilation. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2014, 30:145-51. 10.1016\/j.iccn.2013.11.002","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103787","article-title":"Thirst in adult patients in the intensive care unit: a scoping review","volume":"86","author":"Flim M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Flim M, Rust\u00f8en T, Blackwood B, Spronk PE. Thirst in adult patients in the intensive care unit: a scoping review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2025, 86:103787. 10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103787","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103073","article-title":"Impact of oral care on thirst perception and dry mouth assessments in intensive care patients: an observational study","volume":"66","author":"Doi S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doi S, Nakanishi N, Kawahara Y, Nakayama S. Impact of oral care on thirst perception and dry mouth assessments in intensive care patients: an observational study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2021, 66:103073. 10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103073","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000511","article-title":"Thirst interventions in adult acute care\u2014what are the recommended management options and how effective are they?: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Clark J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clark J, Archer SK. Thirst interventions in adult acute care\u2014what are the recommended management options and how effective are they?: a systematic review. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2022, 41:91-102. 10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000511","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103571","article-title":"The effect of ice-cold water spray following the model for symptom management on postoperative thirst in patients admitted to intensive care unit: a randomized controlled study","volume":"81","author":"Lian R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lian R, Zhou S, Guo Y, et al.. The effect of ice-cold water spray following the model for symptom management on postoperative thirst in patients admitted to intensive care unit: a randomized controlled study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2024, 81:103571. 10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103571","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2021.04.002","article-title":"Symptom management to alleviate thirst and dry mouth in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Zhang W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang W, Gu Q, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Zhu L. Symptom management to alleviate thirst and dry mouth in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Aust Crit Care. 2022, 35:123-9. 10.1016\/j.aucc.2021.04.002","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey H","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey H, O'Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005, 8:19-32. 10.1080\/1364557032000119616","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","article-title":"Scoping studies: advancing the methodology","volume":"5","author":"Levac D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Levac D, Colquhoun H, O'Brien KK. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implement Sci. 2010, 5:69. 10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.03.013","article-title":"Scoping reviews: time for clarity in definition, methods, and reporting","volume":"67","author":"Colquhoun HL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colquhoun HL, Levac D, O'Brien KK, et al.. Scoping reviews: time for clarity in definition, methods, and reporting. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014, 67:1291-4. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.03.013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco AC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al.. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018, 169:467-73. 10.7326\/M18-0850","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian R","year":"1986","unstructured":"DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986, 7:177-88. 10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X05282643","article-title":"The interpretation of random-effects meta-analysis in decision models","volume":"25","author":"Ades AE","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ades AE, Lu G, Higgins JP. The interpretation of random-effects meta-analysis in decision models. Med Decis Making. 2005, 25:646-54. 10.1177\/0272989X05282643","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103339","article-title":"Effect of high-flow nasal cannula therapy on thirst sensation and dry mouth after extubation: a single-centre prospective cohort study","volume":"74","author":"Sato K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sato K, Tsuda C, Odawara S, Kushida A, Taniguchi T. Effect of high-flow nasal cannula therapy on thirst sensation and dry mouth after extubation: a single-centre prospective cohort study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2023, 74:103339. 10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103339","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3918\/JSICM.24_399","article-title":"Stressful experiences in the ICU of patients put on mechanical ventilators for 12 hours or more [Article in Japanese]","volume":"24","author":"Takashima N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takashima N, Murata H, Nishikaichi Y, et al.. Stressful experiences in the ICU of patients put on mechanical ventilators for 12 hours or more [Article in Japanese]. J Jpn Soc Intensive Care Med. 2017, 24:399-405. 10.3918\/JSICM.24_399","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2005.11.025","article-title":"Jordanian patients' perception of stressors in critical care units: a questionnaire survey","volume":"44","author":"Hweidi IM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hweidi IM. Jordanian patients' perception of stressors in critical care units: a questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2007, 44:227-35. 10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2005.11.025","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.02.022","article-title":"Association of persistent intense thirst with delirium among critically ill patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"57","author":"Sato K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sato K, Okajima M, Taniguchi T. Association of persistent intense thirst with delirium among critically ill patients: a cross-sectional study. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2019, 57:1114-20. 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.02.022","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16257","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for thirst in the intensive care unit: an observational study","volume":"32","author":"Lin R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin R, Li H, Chen L, He J. Prevalence of and risk factors for thirst in the intensive care unit: an observational study. J Clin Nurs. 2023, 32:465-76. 10.1111\/jocn.16257","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2015.01.036","article-title":"Analysis of complaints from patients during mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery: a retrospective study","volume":"29","author":"Wang Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, Li H, Zou H, Li Y. Analysis of complaints from patients during mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery: a retrospective study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2015, 29:990-4. 10.1053\/j.jvca.2015.01.036","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6224\/jn.202406_71(3).06","article-title":"The comparative effectiveness of using cold water oral spray and cold saline oral spray for thirst relief in patients with endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit [Article in Chinese]","volume":"71","author":"Wu HS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu HS, Chaou CH, Chang CC, et al.. The comparative effectiveness of using cold water oral spray and cold saline oral spray for thirst relief in patients with endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit [Article in Chinese]. Hu Li Za Zhi. 2024, 71:33-42. 10.6224\/jn.202406_71(3).06","journal-title":"Hu Li Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Effects of different water supply methods on thirst and incidence of complications in mechanically ventilated patients [Article in Chinese]","volume":"37","author":"Luo Q","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo Q, Li J, Yang M, et al.. Effects of different water supply methods on thirst and incidence of complications in mechanically ventilated patients [Article in Chinese]. Chin Nurs Res. 2023, 37:3049-55.","journal-title":"Chin Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Effects of combined nursing intervention with ice menthol solution wiping and spraying on thirst level and comfort in ICU patients [Article in Chinese]","volume":"9","author":"Ding S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding S. Effects of combined nursing intervention with ice menthol solution wiping and spraying on thirst level and comfort in ICU patients [Article in Chinese]. Chin Evid Based Nurs. 2023, 9:1308-11.","journal-title":"Chin Evid Based Nurs"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2022.104214","article-title":"Effects of a spray-based oropharyngeal moisturising programme for patients following endotracheal extubation after cardiac surgery: a randomised, controlled three-arm trial","volume":"130","author":"Lin R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin R, Chen H, Chen L, Lin X, He J, Li H. Effects of a spray-based oropharyngeal moisturising programme for patients following endotracheal extubation after cardiac surgery: a randomised, controlled three-arm trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022, 130:104214. 10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2022.104214","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000953","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral hydration 1 hour after extubation of patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Liang T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liang T, Li SL, Peng YC, Chen Q, Chen LW, Lin YJ. Efficacy and safety of oral hydration 1 hour after extubation of patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2025, 40:E1-8. 10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000953","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Effects of ice water spray on thirst level in patients with oral endotracheal intubation [Article in Chinese]","volume":"35","author":"Zhang XX","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang XX, He CZ, Tu H, et al.. Effects of ice water spray on thirst level in patients with oral endotracheal intubation [Article in Chinese]. Chin Nurs Res. 2021, 35:325-8.","journal-title":"Chin Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Effects of intermittent oxygen-driven humidification on relieving thirst in ICU patients after gastrointestinal surgery [Article in Chinese]","volume":"35","author":"Feng Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng Y, Qiu C. Effects of intermittent oxygen-driven humidification on relieving thirst in ICU patients after gastrointestinal surgery [Article in Chinese]. Chin Nurs Res. 2021, 35:3526-9.","journal-title":"Chin Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37506\/ijonc.v8i1.8606","article-title":"Effectiveness of thirst bundle on thirst and dry mouth among patients admitted in intensive care units","volume":"8","author":"Sharma K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma K, Kumar A. Effectiveness of thirst bundle on thirst and dry mouth among patients admitted in intensive care units. Int J Nurs Care. 2020, 8:33-9. 10.37506\/ijonc.v8i1.8606","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Care"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Effectiveness of providing environmental information to reduce anxiety and environmental stress in ICU patients [Article in Japanese]","volume":"18","author":"Noda T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Noda T, Minai A, Se S. Effectiveness of providing environmental information to reduce anxiety and environmental stress in ICU patients [Article in Japanese]. Int Nurs Care Res. 2019, 18:37-46.","journal-title":"Int Nurs Care Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2010.10.005","article-title":"Clinical factors affecting inspired gas humidification and oral dryness during noninvasive ventilation","volume":"26","author":"Oto J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oto J, Imanaka H, Nishimura M. Clinical factors affecting inspired gas humidification and oral dryness during noninvasive ventilation. J Crit Care. 2011, 26:535.e9-535.e15. 10.1016\/j.jcrc.2010.10.005","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Methods for relieving thirst in postoperative cardiovascular patients [Article in Japanese]","volume":"38","author":"Nagashima M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagashima M, Watanabe H, Wakamoto N, et al.. Methods for relieving thirst in postoperative cardiovascular patients [Article in Japanese]. J Jpn Soc Nurs Sci. 2008, 38:145-7.","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Nurs Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2024362","article-title":"Assessing discomfort in American adult intensive care patients","volume":"33","author":"Gunnels MS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gunnels MS, Reisdorf EM, Mandrekar J, Chlan LL. Assessing discomfort in American adult intensive care patients. Am J Crit Care. 2024, 33:126-32. 10.4037\/ajcc2024362","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000688","article-title":"Symptoms in patients receiving noninvasive ventilation in the intensive care unit","volume":"72","author":"Peterson PE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peterson PE, Tracy MF, Mandrekar J, Chlan LL. Symptoms in patients receiving noninvasive ventilation in the intensive care unit. Nurs Res. 2023, 72:456-61. 10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000688","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2014.07.001","article-title":"Predictors of thirst in intensive care unit patients","volume":"49","author":"Stotts NA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stotts NA, Arai SR, Cooper BA, Nelson JE, Puntillo KA. Predictors of thirst in intensive care unit patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2015, 49:530-8. 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2014.07.001","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2006.01.003","article-title":"A pilot study on coexisting symptoms in intensive care patients","volume":"19","author":"Li DT","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li DT, Puntillo K. A pilot study on coexisting symptoms in intensive care patients. Appl Nurs Res. 2006, 19:216-9. 10.1016\/j.apnr.2006.01.003","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200102000-00010","article-title":"Self-reported symptom experience of critically ill cancer patients receiving intensive care","volume":"29","author":"Nelson JE","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nelson JE, Meier DE, Oei EJ, et al.. Self-reported symptom experience of critically ill cancer patients receiving intensive care. Crit Care Med. 2001, 29:277-82. 10.1097\/00003246-200102000-00010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2020841","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of early oral hydration in patients after cardiothoracic surgery","volume":"29","author":"Ford C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ford C, McCormick D, Parkosewich J, Derycke-Chapman K, Marshall J, Mancarella J, Chepulis A. Safety and effectiveness of early oral hydration in patients after cardiothoracic surgery. Am J Crit Care. 2020, 29:292-300. 10.4037\/ajcc2020841","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3339-z","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of an intervention to relieve thirst and dry mouth in intensive care unit patients","volume":"40","author":"Puntillo K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Puntillo K, Arai SR, Cooper BA, Stotts NA, Nelson JE. A randomized clinical trial of an intervention to relieve thirst and dry mouth in intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med. 2014, 40:1295-302. 10.1007\/s00134-014-3339-z","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2019544","article-title":"Palliation of thirst in intensive care unit patients: translating research into practice","volume":"39","author":"Leemhuis A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leemhuis A, Shichishima Y, Puntillo K. Palliation of thirst in intensive care unit patients: translating research into practice. Crit Care Nurse. 2019, 39:21-8. 10.4037\/ccn2019544","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2019400","article-title":"Effect of a scheduled nurse intervention on thirst and dry mouth in intensive care patients","volume":"28","author":"VonStein M","year":"2019","unstructured":"VonStein M, Buchko BL, Millen C, Lampo D, Bell T, Woods AB. Effect of a scheduled nurse intervention on thirst and dry mouth in intensive care patients. Am J Crit Care. 2019, 28:41-6. 10.4037\/ajcc2019400","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167.2016690418i","article-title":"Stressors perceived by patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery [Article in Portuguese]","volume":"69","author":"Dessotte CA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dessotte CA, Rodrigues HF, Furuya RK, Rossi LA, Dantas RA. Stressors perceived by patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery [Article in Portuguese]. Rev Bras Enferm. 2016, 69:741-50. 10.1590\/0034-7167.2016690418i","journal-title":"Rev Bras Enferm"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-021-02817-7","article-title":"Thirst in patients admitted to intensive care units: an observational study","volume":"191","author":"Negro A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Negro A, Villa G, Greco M, et al.. Thirst in patients admitted to intensive care units: an observational study. Ir J Med Sci. 2022, 191:2283-9. 10.1007\/s11845-021-02817-7","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/turkjsurg.2017.3736","article-title":"Evaluation of stressors in intensive care units","volume":"34","author":"G\u00fcltekin Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"G\u00fcltekin Y, \u00d6z\u00e7elik Z, Ak\u0131nc\u0131 SB, Yorganc\u0131 HK. Evaluation of stressors in intensive care units. Turk J Surg. 2018, 34:5-8. 10.5152\/turkjsurg.2017.3736","journal-title":"Turk J Surg"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103761","article-title":"Subgroups of ICU patients identified by self-reported symptoms - a prospective multicenter study","volume":"84","author":"Saltnes-Lilleg\u00e5rd C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saltnes-Lilleg\u00e5rd C, Rust\u00f8en T, Beitland S, Puntillo K, Thoresen M, Hofs\u00f8 K. Subgroups of ICU patients identified by self-reported symptoms - a prospective multicenter study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2024, 84:103761. 10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103761","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1902-9","article-title":"Development and validation of a questionnaire for quantitative assessment of perceived discomforts in critically ill patients","volume":"36","author":"Kalfon P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kalfon P, Mimoz O, Auquier P, et al.. Development and validation of a questionnaire for quantitative assessment of perceived discomforts in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 2010, 36:1751-8. 10.1007\/s00134-010-1902-9","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26550\/2209-1092.1151","article-title":"Environmental stressors perceived by patients in the surgical intensive care unit and their level of satisfaction with nursing care","volume":"34","author":"Karaer H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karaer H, Ozsaker E. Environmental stressors perceived by patients in the surgical intensive care unit and their level of satisfaction with nursing care. J Perioper Nurs. 2021, 34:5. 10.26550\/2209-1092.1151","journal-title":"J Perioper Nurs"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12465","article-title":"The relationship between stressors and intensive care unit experiences","volume":"25","author":"Zengin N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zengin N, \u00d6ren B, \u00dcst\u00fcndag H. The relationship between stressors and intensive care unit experiences. Nurs Crit Care. 2020, 25:109-16. 10.1111\/nicc.12465","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-2399(07)74399-7","article-title":"Stressful environmental events in the intensive care unit [Article in Spanish]","volume":"18","author":"Ayll\u00f3n Garrido N","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ayll\u00f3n Garrido N, Alvarez Gonz\u00e1lez M, Gonz\u00e1lez Garc\u00eda M. Stressful environmental events in the intensive care unit [Article in Spanish]. Enferm Intensiva. 2007, 18:159-67. 10.1016\/S1130-2399(07)74399-7","journal-title":"Enferm Intensiva"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2006.07.008","article-title":"Patients' perception of their experience in the intensive care unit [Article in French]","volume":"36","author":"Cazorla C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cazorla C, Cravoisy A, Gibot S, Nace L, Levy B, Bollaert PE. Patients' perception of their experience in the intensive care unit [Article in French]. Presse Med. 2007, 36:211-6. 10.1016\/j.lpm.2006.07.008","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"A retrospective study of the impressions and psychic reactions experienced by patients in a traumatological intensive care unit (author's transl) [Article in German]","volume":"14","author":"Jelen S","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jelen S, Langen W, Tempel G. A retrospective study of the impressions and psychic reactions experienced by patients in a traumatological intensive care unit (author's transl) [Article in German]. Prakt Anaesth. 1979, 14:210-6.","journal-title":"Prakt Anaesth"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084029","article-title":"Occurrence of delirium during ECMO therapy in a critical care unit in Poland-a cross-sectional pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Krupa S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krupa S, Friganovic A, M\u0119drzycka-D\u0105browska W. Occurrence of delirium during ECMO therapy in a critical care unit in Poland-a cross-sectional pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021, 18:4029. 10.3390\/ijerph18084029","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080190","article-title":"Thirst perception and osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion are altered during recovery from septic shock","volume":"8","author":"Siami S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Siami S, Polito A, Porcher R, et al.. Thirst perception and osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion are altered during recovery from septic shock. PLoS ONE. 2013, 8:e80190. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0080190","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12719","article-title":"Measuring thirst distress of patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"Flim M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Flim M, Hofhuis J, Spronk P, Jaarsma T. Measuring thirst distress of patients in the intensive care unit. Nurs Crit Care. 2022, 27:576-82. 10.1111\/nicc.12719","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1101-5","article-title":"Assessment of patients' self-perceived intensive care unit discomforts: validation of the 18-item version of the IPREA","volume":"17","author":"Baumstarck K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baumstarck K, Boucekine M, Estagnasie P, et al.. Assessment of patients' self-perceived intensive care unit discomforts: validation of the 18-item version of the IPREA. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019, 17:29. 10.1186\/s12955-019-1101-5","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58199-0","article-title":"Effects of cold spray on thirst, frequency of oral care, and pain of general surgery intensive care unit patients","volume":"14","author":"Gungor S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gungor S, Tosun B, Candir G, Ozen N. Effects of cold spray on thirst, frequency of oral care, and pain of general surgery intensive care unit patients. Sci Rep. 2024, 14:9997. 10.1038\/s41598-024-58199-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04136-4","article-title":"Discomfort improvement for critically ill patients using electronic relaxation devices: results of the cross-over randomized controlled trial E-CHOISIR (Electronic-CHOIce of a System for Intensive care Relaxation)","volume":"26","author":"Merliot-Gailhoustet L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Merliot-Gailhoustet L, Raimbert C, Garnier O, et al.. Discomfort improvement for critically ill patients using electronic relaxation devices: results of the cross-over randomized controlled trial E-CHOISIR (Electronic-CHOIce of a System for Intensive care Relaxation). Crit Care. 2022, 26:263. 10.1186\/s13054-022-04136-4","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1703-19","article-title":"Do preoperative oral carbohydrates improve postoperative outcomesin patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts?","volume":"47","author":"\u015eavluk \u00d6F","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u015eavluk \u00d6F, Ku\u015f\u00e7u MA, G\u00fczelmeri\u00e7 F, et al.. Do preoperative oral carbohydrates improve postoperative outcomesin patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts?. Turk J Med Sci. 2017, 47:1681-6. 10.3906\/sag-1703-19","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1097-0","article-title":"The effects of a 2-h trial of high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula versus Venturi mask in immunocompromised patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"19","author":"Lemiale V","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lemiale V, Mokart D, Mayaux J, Lambert J, Rabbat A, Demoule A, Azoulay E. The effects of a 2-h trial of high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula versus Venturi mask in immunocompromised patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a multicenter randomized trial. Crit Care. 2015, 19:380. 10.1186\/s13054-015-1097-0","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Does music harm patients after cardiac surgery? A randomized, controlled study","volume":"15","author":"Iblher P","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iblher P, Mahler H, Heinze H, et al.. Does music harm patients after cardiac surgery? A randomized, controlled study. Appl Cardiopulm Pathophysiol. 2011, 15:14-23.","journal-title":"Appl Cardiopulm Pathophysiol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2018.11.010","article-title":"Promoting nighttime sleep in the intensive care unit: alternative strategies in nursing","volume":"51","author":"Pagnucci N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pagnucci N, Tolotti A, Cadorin L, Valcarenghi D, Forfori F. Promoting nighttime sleep in the intensive care unit: alternative strategies in nursing. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2019, 51:73-81. 10.1016\/j.iccn.2018.11.010","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"High-flow oxygen therapy in acute respiratory failure","volume":"55","author":"Roca O","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roca O, Riera J, Torres F, et al.. High-flow oxygen therapy in acute respiratory failure. Respir Care. 2010, 55:408-13.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2016.02.014","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hypernatremia","volume":"30","author":"Muhsin SA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muhsin SA, Mount DB. Diagnosis and treatment of hypernatremia. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016, 30:189-203. 10.1016\/j.beem.2016.02.014","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/350144-thirst-in-icu-patients-a-scoping-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T09:58:49Z","timestamp":1747303129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/350144-thirst-in-icu-patients-a-scoping-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.84144","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]}}}