{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:30:34Z","timestamp":1785148234999,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.84405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T15:08:58Z","timestamp":1747667338000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Double Trouble: Drug-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH)-Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) Overlap Syndrome Triggered by Hydralazine"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Urmimala","family":"Chaudhuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Sastry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Reagans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.77023","article-title":"A rare case of autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome in a male patient","volume":"17","author":"Amer B","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amer B, Khozaigi W, Hawshab LD, Hawshab F, Khozaigi K, Darwesh KM. A rare case of autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome in a male patient. Cureus. 2025, 17:e77023. 10.7759\/cureus.77023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15352","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis: current status and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Czaja AJ. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis: current status and future directions. Gut Liver. 2016, 10:177-203. 10.5009\/gnl15352","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31065","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis in adults and children: 2019 Practice Guidance and Guidelines From the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"72","author":"Mack CL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mack CL, Adams D, Assis DN, et al.. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis in adults and children: 2019 Practice Guidance and Guidelines From the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2020, 72:671-722. 10.1002\/hep.31065","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051449","article-title":"Treatment of overlap syndromes in autoimmune liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Freedman BL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Freedman BL, Danford CJ, Patwardhan V, Bonder A. Treatment of overlap syndromes in autoimmune liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2020, 9:1449. 10.3390\/jcm9051449","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101088","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and long-term outcomes in AIH-PBC variant syndrome under combination therapy","volume":"6","author":"Stoelinga AE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stoelinga AE, Biewenga M, Drenth JP, et al.. Diagnostic criteria and long-term outcomes in AIH-PBC variant syndrome under combination therapy. JHEP Rep. 2024, 6:101088. 10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101088","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid","author":"Achufusi TG","year":"2025","unstructured":"Achufusi TG, Safadi AO, Mahabadi N. Ursodeoxycholic acid. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2025."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32074\/1591-951X-245","article-title":"Autoimmune biliary diseases: primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"113","author":"Sarcognato S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarcognato S, Sacchi D, Grillo F, et al.. Autoimmune biliary diseases: primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Pathologica. 2021, 113:170-84. 10.32074\/1591-951X-245","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.08.012","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes: diagnosis and management","volume":"13","author":"Vierling JM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vierling JM. Autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes: diagnosis and management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015, 13:2088-108. 10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.08.012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.3368","article-title":"Overlap syndromes among autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"14","author":"Rust C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rust C, Beuers U. Overlap syndromes among autoimmune liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2008, 14:3368-73. 10.3748\/wjg.14.3368","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"New scoring classification for primary biliary cholangitis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Zhang W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang W, De D, Mohammed KA, Munigala S, Chen G, Lai J, &amp; Bacon BR. New scoring classification for primary biliary cholangitis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome. 2018, 2:245-253."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0001044756.08999.72","article-title":"S3847 Unexpected complications of infliximab: a rare case of drug-induced AIH-PBC overlap in Crohn's disease","volume":"119","author":"Osmani K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Osmani K, Ahmed O, Mohamed S, Guzman G, Trivedi I. S3847 Unexpected complications of infliximab: a rare case of drug-induced AIH-PBC overlap in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024, 119:S2516. 10.14309\/01.ajg.0001044756.08999.72","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.157997.2","article-title":"AIH-PBC overlap syndrome unmasked by tuberculosis treatment: report of two cases and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Tababi R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tababi R, Kchir H, Zehani A, et al.. AIH-PBC overlap syndrome unmasked by tuberculosis treatment: report of two cases and literature review.  F1000Research. 2025, 13:1270.","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-243278","article-title":"Hydralazine-induced liver injury: a review and discussion","volume":"14","author":"Bhardwaj M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhardwaj M, Bhardwaj NJ, Cueto K, Killeen TC. Hydralazine-induced liver injury: a review and discussion. BMJ Case Rep. 2021, 14:10.1136\/bcr-2021-243278","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i24.2654","article-title":"Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis: a minireview","volume":"28","author":"Tan CK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan CK, Ho D, Wang LM, Kumar R. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis: a minireview. World J Gastroenterol. 2022, 28:2654-66. 10.3748\/wjg.v28.i24.2654","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Hydralazine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hydralazine. LiverTox. Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda (MD); 2012."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012395","article-title":"Primary biliary cholangitis associated with drug-induced liver injury and alcoholic liver fibrosis: a case report","volume":"97","author":"Sun Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun Y, Shao C, Qu H, Zuo G, Jing T, Wan T, Ji S. Primary biliary cholangitis associated with drug-induced liver injury and alcoholic liver fibrosis: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018, 97:e12395. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000012395","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/198070","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of the overlap syndromes of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"27","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Czaja AJ. Diagnosis and management of the overlap syndromes of autoimmune hepatitis. Can J Gastroenterol. 2013, 27:417-23. 10.1155\/2013\/198070","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14040382","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: a diagnostic and therapeutic overview","volume":"14","author":"Mercado LA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mercado LA, Gil-Lopez F, Chirila RM, Harnois DM. Autoimmune hepatitis: a diagnostic and therapeutic overview. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024, 14:10.3390\/diagnostics14040382","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-023-03932-y","article-title":"Overlap syndrome of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis complicated with atypical hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Surdea-Blaga T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Surdea-Blaga T, C\u0103r\u0103gu\u021b RL, Caraiani C, Sp\u00e2rchez Z, Al Hajjar N, Dumitra\u0219cu DL. Overlap syndrome of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis complicated with atypical hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2023, 17:328. 10.1186\/s13256-023-03932-y","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v16.i9.1269","article-title":"Predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes","volume":"16","author":"Jayabalan D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jayabalan D, Huang Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L, et al.. Predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes. World J Hepatol. 2024, 16:1269-77. 10.4254\/wjh.v16.i9.1269","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/349919-double-trouble-drug-induced-autoimmune-hepatitis-aih-primary-biliary-cholangitis-pbc-overlap-syndrome-triggered-by-hydralazine","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T15:08:59Z","timestamp":1747667339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/349919-double-trouble-drug-induced-autoimmune-hepatitis-aih-primary-biliary-cholangitis-pbc-overlap-syndrome-triggered-by-hydralazine"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.84405","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]}}}