{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T04:17:59Z","timestamp":1748060279521,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.84702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T01:27:02Z","timestamp":1748050022000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis With Delayed Diagnosis in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Lenyn Daniel","family":"Montes Sevilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Alvarado Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassler Stefan","family":"Macias S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Alfaro Goldaracena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IMCRJ.S364591","article-title":"Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in a young diabetic patient with COVID-19 in Ethiopia: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Alemayehu FM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alemayehu FM, Abate HK, Soboka TA, et al.. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in a young diabetic patient with COVID-19 in Ethiopia: a case report. Int Med Case Rep J. 2022, 15:251-257. 10.2147\/IMCRJ.S364591","journal-title":"Int Med Case Rep J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-019-00403-1","article-title":"Outbreaks of Mucorales and the species involved","volume":"185","author":"Walther G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walther G, Wagner L, Kurzai O. Outbreaks of Mucorales and the species involved. Mycopathologia. 2020, 185:765-781. 10.1007\/s11046-019-00403-1","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010858","article-title":"Current treatments against mucormycosis and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Smith C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smith C, Lee SC. Current treatments against mucormycosis and future directions. PLoS Pathog. 2022, 18:e1010858. 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010858","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15487","article-title":"Mucormycosis: the hidden and forgotten disease","volume":"132","author":"Darwish RM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Darwish RM, AlMasri M, Al-Masri MM. Mucormycosis: the hidden and forgotten disease. J Appl Microbiol. 2022, 132:4042-4057. 10.1111\/jam.15487","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-24032-2","article-title":"Focusing COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: a major threat to immunocompromised COVID-19","volume":"30","author":"Sharma N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma N, Wani SN, Behl T, et al.. Focusing COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: a major threat to immunocompromised COVID-19. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023, 30:9164-9183. 10.1007\/s11356-022-24032-2","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2220964","article-title":"Part 1: Mucormycosis: prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, and diagnosis","volume":"21","author":"Lynch JP 3rd","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lynch JP 3rd, Fishbein MC, Abtin F, Zhanel GG. Part 1: Mucormycosis: prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, and diagnosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2023, 21:723-736. 10.1080\/14787210.2023.2220964","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040265","article-title":"Epidemiology and diagnosis of mucormycosis: an update","volume":"6","author":"Skiada A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skiada A, Pavleas I, Drogari-Apiranthitou M. Epidemiology and diagnosis of mucormycosis: an update. J Fungi (Basel). 2020, 6:265. 10.3390\/jof6040265","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432579","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases","volume":"41","author":"Roden MM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL, et al.. Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases. Clin Infect Dis. 2005, 41:634-653. 10.1086\/432579","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2709.210934","article-title":"Multicenter epidemiologic study of Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis, India","volume":"27","author":"Patel A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel A, Agarwal R, Rudramurthy SM, et al.. Multicenter epidemiologic study of Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021, 27:2349-2359. 10.3201\/eid2709.210934","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00237-8","article-title":"The emergence of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: a review of cases from 18 countries","volume":"3","author":"Hoenigl M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoenigl M, Seidel D, Carvalho A, et al.. The emergence of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: a review of cases from 18 countries. Lancet Microbe. 2022, 3:e543-e552. 10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00237-8","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005","article-title":"Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management","volume":"18","author":"Spellberg B","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spellberg B, Edwards J Jr, Ibrahim A. Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005, 18:556-569. 10.1128\/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30312-3","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium","volume":"19","author":"Cornely OA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cornely OA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arenz D, et al.. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019, 19:e405-e421. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30312-3","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx101","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis","volume":"56","author":"Skiada A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skiada A, Lass-Floerl C, Klimko N, Ibrahim A, Roilides E, Petrikkos G. Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis. Med Mycol. 2018, 56:93-101. 10.1093\/mmy\/myx101","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019","article-title":"Mucormycosis in COVID-19: a systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India","volume":"15","author":"Singh AK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh AK, Singh R, Joshi SR, Misra A. Mucormycosis in COVID-19: a systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021, 15:102146. 10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2001.0831","article-title":"Ten years' experience in zygomycosis at a tertiary care centre in India","volume":"42","author":"Chakrabarti A","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chakrabarti A, Das A, Sharma A, Panda N, Das S, Gupta KL, Sakhuja V. Ten years' experience in zygomycosis at a tertiary care centre in India. J Infect. 2001, 42:261-266. 10.1053\/jinf.2001.0831","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030090","article-title":"Therapy of mucormycosis","volume":"4","author":"Sipsas NV","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sipsas NV, Gamaletsou MN, Anastasopoulou A, Kontoyiannis DP. Therapy of mucormycosis. J Fungi (Basel). 2018, 4:90. 10.3390\/jof4030090","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102148","article-title":"COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: case report and systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Dilek A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dilek A, Ozaras R, Ozkaya S, Sunbul M, Sen EI, Leblebicioglu H. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: case report and systematic review. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2021, 44:102148. 10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102148","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29262\/ram.v69i2.1185","article-title":"Rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a Mexican patient with COVID-19: case report","volume":"69","author":"G\u00e1lvez-Romero JL","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u00e1lvez-Romero JL, Perea-Pe\u00f1a A, Huerta-Jurado P, et al.. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a Mexican patient with COVID-19: case report. Rev Alerg Mex. 2023, 69:93-97. 10.29262\/ram.v69i2.1185","journal-title":"Rev Alerg Mex"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0777","article-title":"Case report: rhino-orbital mucormycosis related to COVID-19: a case series exploring risk factors","volume":"106","author":"Aggarwal SK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aggarwal SK, Kaur U, Talda D, et al.. Case report: rhino-orbital mucormycosis related to COVID-19: a case series exploring risk factors. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021, 106:566-570. 10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0777","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35199","article-title":"Presumptive rhino-orbital mucormycosis secondary to corticosteroid therapy in a diabetic patient with COVID-19 infection","volume":"15","author":"Sidhu JK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sidhu JK, Wan Hitam WH, Ahmad Tajudin LS. Presumptive rhino-orbital mucormycosis secondary to corticosteroid therapy in a diabetic patient with COVID-19 infection. Cureus. 2023, 15:e35199. 10.7759\/cureus.35199","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.05.005","article-title":"COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: an opportunistic fungal infection. A case series and review","volume":"121","author":"Balushi AA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balushi AA, Ajmi AA, Sinani QA, et al.. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: an opportunistic fungal infection. A case series and review. Int J Infect Dis. 2022, 121:203-210. 10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.05.005","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20101058221074112","article-title":"Rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a COVID-19 patient: the first case in Malaysia","volume":"31","author":"Chang CY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang CY, Gan YL, Zamri FI, Radhakrishnan PA. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a COVID-19 patient: the first case in Malaysia. Proc Singap Healthc. 2022, 31:20101058221074112. 10.1177\/20101058221074112","journal-title":"Proc Singap Healthc"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9080826","article-title":"COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital mucormycosis complicated by gangrenous and bone necrosis-a case report from Honduras","volume":"9","author":"Palou EY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palou EY, Ramos MA, Cherenfant E, et al.. COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital mucormycosis complicated by gangrenous and bone necrosis-a case report from Honduras. Vaccines (Basel). 2021, 9:826. 10.3390\/vaccines9080826","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir865","article-title":"Pathogenesis of mucormycosis","volume":"54","author":"Ibrahim AS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ibrahim AS, Spellberg B, Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP. Pathogenesis of mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2012, 54:S16-S22. 10.1093\/cid\/cir865","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.105882","article-title":"Chronical rhino-orbital mucormycosis in an immunocompetent host: a case report","volume":"82","author":"Razem B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Razem B, Dennai Y, Slimani F. Chronical rhino-orbital mucormycosis in an immunocompetent host: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2021, 82:105882. 10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.105882","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-316430","article-title":"How I treat mucormycosis","volume":"118","author":"Kontoyiannis DP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE. How I treat mucormycosis. Blood. 2011, 118:1216-1224. 10.1182\/blood-2011-03-316430","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.4304","article-title":"COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: a case report in Pakistan and a review of 144 cases","volume":"72","author":"Zameer S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zameer S, Syed R, Afzal A, Amir R, Faridi S, Nayyar A. COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: a case report in Pakistan and a review of 144 cases. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022, 72:2313-2316. 10.47391\/JPMA.4304","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IMCRJ.S379078","article-title":"Rhino-orbital mucormycosis after COVID-19 recovery: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Moleiro AF","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moleiro AF, Cunha AM, Vilares-Morgado R, et al.. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis after COVID-19 recovery: a case report. Int Med Case Rep J. 2022, 15:579-586. 10.2147\/IMCRJ.S379078","journal-title":"Int Med Case Rep J"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010303","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the artificial intelligence methods in medical imaging for pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhan Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhan Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Ying B, Wang C. Diagnostic accuracy of the artificial intelligence methods in medical imaging for pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2022, 12:303. 10.3390\/jcm12010303","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35814","article-title":"Successful treatment of mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus arrhizus with amphotericin B and itraconazole","volume":"15","author":"Cham CY","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cham CY, P Radhakrishnan A, Chang CY. Successful treatment of mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus arrhizus with amphotericin B and itraconazole. Cureus. 2023, 15:e35814. 10.7759\/cureus.35814","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17178","article-title":"Early surgical intervention followed by antifungals in rhino-orbital mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19 favors clinical outcome: a case series","volume":"13","author":"Barman Roy D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barman Roy D, Gupta V, Biswas A, Verma M. Early surgical intervention followed by antifungals in rhino-orbital mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19 favors clinical outcome: a case series. Cureus. 2021, 13:e17178. 10.7759\/cureus.17178","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0030-6665(00)80010-9","article-title":"Mucormycosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses","volume":"33","author":"Ferguson BJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ferguson BJ. Mucormycosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2000, 33:349-365. 10.1016\/s0030-6665(00)80010-9","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6257(05)80041-4","article-title":"Survival factors in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis","volume":"39","author":"Yohai RA","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yohai RA, Bullock JD, Aziz AA, Markert RJ. Survival factors in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis. Surv Ophthalmol. 1994, 39:3-22. 10.1016\/s0039-6257(05)80041-4","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000008","article-title":"Update on mucormycosis pathogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Ibrahim AS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ibrahim AS, Kontoyiannis DP. Update on mucormycosis pathogenesis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013, 26:508-515. 10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/313169-rhino-orbital-mucormycosis-with-delayed-diagnosis-in-an-immunocompromised-patient-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T01:27:03Z","timestamp":1748050023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/313169-rhino-orbital-mucormycosis-with-delayed-diagnosis-in-an-immunocompromised-patient-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.84702","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]}}}