{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T12:39:24Z","timestamp":1788525564166,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.84724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T09:24:03Z","timestamp":1748078643000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cracking the Code of Colorectal Cancer Screening: An Overview With a Focus on Current and Emerging Screening Methods"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Hari Prasad Naidu","family":"Boyapati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidra Tahreem Hashmi","family":"Syeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arivudainambi","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Payidiparty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanna Kumar","family":"Anbazhagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.65","article-title":"Colorectal cancer","volume":"1","author":"Kuipers EJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuipers EJ, Grady WM, Lieberman D, et al.. Colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015, 1:15065. 10.1038\/nrdp.2015.65","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0189-8","article-title":"Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies","volume":"16","author":"Keum N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keum N, Giovannucci E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019, 16:713-732. 10.1038\/s41575-019-0189-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pg.2018.81072","article-title":"Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors","volume":"14","author":"Rawla P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rawla P, Sunkara T, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors. Prz Gastroenterol. 2019, 14:89-103. 10.5114\/pg.2018.81072","journal-title":"Prz Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer","author":"World Cancer Research Fund \/ American Institute for Cancer Research","year":"2011","unstructured":"World Cancer Research Fund \/ American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. 2011."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i19.6026","article-title":"Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Guraya SY","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guraya SY. Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2015, 21:6026-6031. 10.3748\/wjg.v21.i19.6026","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.12.035","article-title":"Nutrients, foods, and colorectal cancer prevention","volume":"148","author":"Song M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song M, Garrett WS, Chan AT. Nutrients, foods, and colorectal cancer prevention. Gastroenterology. 2015, 148:1244-1260.e16. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.12.035","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-021-01452-6","article-title":"Symptoms and signs of colorectal cancer, with differences between proximal and distal colon cancer: a prospective cohort study of diagnostic accuracy in primary care","volume":"22","author":"Holtedahl K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Holtedahl K, Borgquist L, Donker GA, et al.. Symptoms and signs of colorectal cancer, with differences between proximal and distal colon cancer: a prospective cohort study of diagnostic accuracy in primary care. BMC Fam Pract. 2021, 22:148. 10.1186\/s12875-021-01452-6","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S109285","article-title":"Colorectal cancer development and advances in screening","volume":"11","author":"Simon K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simon K, Balchen V. Colorectal cancer development and advances in screening. Clin Interv Aging. 2016, 11:967-976. 10.2147\/CIA.S109285","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00612-y","article-title":"Current and future colorectal cancer screening strategies","volume":"19","author":"Shaukat A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaukat A, Levin TR. Current and future colorectal cancer screening strategies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022, 19:521-531. 10.1038\/s41575-022-00612-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7002a1","article-title":"Cancer screening test receipt - United States, 2018","volume":"70","author":"Sabatino SA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sabatino SA, Thompson TD, White MC, et al.. Cancer screening test receipt - United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021, 70:29-35. 10.15585\/mmwr.mm7002a1","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/4759","article-title":"CUEDC2: multifunctional roles in carcinogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Xiao JB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao JB, Leng AM, Zhang YQ, Wen Z, He J, Ye GN. CUEDC2: multifunctional roles in carcinogenesis. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2019, 24:935-946. 10.2741\/4759","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004","article-title":"A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis","volume":"65","author":"Gajendran M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gajendran M, Loganathan P, Jimenez G, et al.. A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis. Dis Mon. 2019, 65:100851. 10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000497207","article-title":"Appropriate management of attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis: report of a case and review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Sokic-Milutinovic A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sokic-Milutinovic A. Appropriate management of attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis: report of a case and review of the literature. Dig Dis. 2019, 37:400-405. 10.1159\/000497207","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clcc.2022.05.006","article-title":"Clinical updates for colon cancer care in 2022","volume":"21","author":"Fabregas JC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fabregas JC, Ramnaraign B, George TJ. Clinical updates for colon cancer care in 2022. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2022, 21:198-203. 10.1016\/j.clcc.2022.05.006","journal-title":"Clin Colorectal Cancer"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010197","article-title":"Colorectal carcinoma: a general overview and future perspectives in colorectal cancer","volume":"18","author":"M\u00e1rmol I","year":"2017","unstructured":"M\u00e1rmol I, S\u00e1nchez-de-Diego C, Pradilla Dieste A, Cerrada E, Rodriguez Yoldi MJ. Colorectal carcinoma: a general overview and future perspectives in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2017, 18:197. 10.3390\/ijms18010197","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.07.076","article-title":"Genomic and epigenetic instability in colorectal cancer pathogenesis","volume":"135","author":"Grady WM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grady WM, Carethers JM. Genomic and epigenetic instability in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2008, 135:1079-1099. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.07.076","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2467","article-title":"Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"348","author":"Brenner H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brenner H, Stock C, Hoffmeister M. Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ. 2014, 348:g2467. 10.1136\/bmj.g2467","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i28.5086","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening: an updated review of the available options","volume":"23","author":"Issa IA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Issa IA, Noureddine M. Colorectal cancer screening: an updated review of the available options. World J Gastroenterol. 2017, 23:5086-5096. 10.3748\/wjg.v23.i28.5086","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2004.12.010","article-title":"From colonic polyps to colon cancer: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis","volume":"25","author":"Cappell MS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cappell MS. From colonic polyps to colon cancer: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Clin Lab Med. 2005, 25:135-177. 10.1016\/j.cll.2004.12.010","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32319-0","article-title":"Colorectal cancer","volume":"394","author":"Dekker E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dekker E, Tanis PJ, Vleugels JLA, Kasi PM, Wallace MB. Colorectal cancer. Lancet. 2019, 394:1467-1480. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32319-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.09.003","article-title":"Lifestyle risk factors for serrated colorectal polyps: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"152","author":"Bailie L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bailie L, Loughrey MB, Coleman HG. Lifestyle risk factors for serrated colorectal polyps: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2017, 152:92-104. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.09.003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1301969","article-title":"Long-term colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality after lower endoscopy","volume":"369","author":"Nishihara R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nishihara R, Wu K, Lochhead P, et al.. Long-term colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality after lower endoscopy. N Engl J Med. 2013, 369:1095-1105. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1301969","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001122","article-title":"ACG clinical guidelines: colorectal cancer screening 2021","volume":"116","author":"Shaukat A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shaukat A, Kahi CJ, Burke CA, Rabeneck L, Sauer BG, Rex DK. ACG clinical guidelines: colorectal cancer screening 2021. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021, 116:458-479. 10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001122","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114635","article-title":"Colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality with screening flexible sigmoidoscopy","volume":"366","author":"Schoen RE","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schoen RE, Pinsky PF, Weissfeld JL, et al.. Colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality with screening flexible sigmoidoscopy. N Engl J Med. 2012, 366:2345-2357. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1114635","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26192","article-title":"Progress in colorectal cancer survival in Europe from the late 1980s to the early 21st century: the EUROCARE study","volume":"131","author":"Brenner H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brenner H, Bouvier AM, Foschi R, et al.. Progress in colorectal cancer survival in Europe from the late 1980s to the early 21st century: the EUROCARE study. Int J Cancer. 2012, 131:1649-1658. 10.1002\/ijc.26192","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009259.pub2","article-title":"Flexible sigmoidoscopy versus faecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals","volume":"2013","author":"Holme \u00d8","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holme \u00d8, Bretthauer M, Fretheim A, Odgaard-Jensen J, Hoff G. Flexible sigmoidoscopy versus faecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013, 2013:CD009259. 10.1002\/14651858.CD009259.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.10.007","article-title":"Updates on age to start and stop colorectal cancer screening: recommendations from the U.S. multi-society task force on colorectal cancer","volume":"162","author":"Patel SG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel SG, May FP, Anderson JC, et al.. Updates on age to start and stop colorectal cancer screening: recommendations from the U.S. multi-society task force on colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2022, 162:285-299. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.10.007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.6238","article-title":"Screening for colorectal cancer: US preventive services task force recommendation statement","volume":"325","author":"Davidson KW","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al.. Screening for colorectal cancer: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021, 325:1965-1977. 10.1001\/jama.2021.6238","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-022-00962-4","article-title":"Optimal strategies for colorectal cancer screening","volume":"23","author":"Jain S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jain S, Maque J, Galoosian A, Osuna-Garcia A, May FP. Optimal strategies for colorectal cancer screening. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2022, 23:474-493. 10.1007\/s11864-022-00962-4","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2015.975212","article-title":"Plasma methylated septin 9: a colorectal cancer screening marker","volume":"15","author":"Moln\u00e1r B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moln\u00e1r B, T\u00f3th K, Bart\u00e1k BK, Tulassay Z. Plasma methylated septin 9: a colorectal cancer screening marker. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015, 15:171-184. 10.1586\/14737159.2015.975212","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-9-200811040-00243","article-title":"Screening for colorectal cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"149","author":"U.S. Preventive Services Task Force","year":"2008","unstructured":"U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for colorectal cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2008, 149:627-637. 10.7326\/0003-4819-149-9-200811040-00243","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.10.008","article-title":"The stool DNA test is more accurate than the plasma septin 9 test in detecting colorectal neoplasia","volume":"10","author":"Ahlquist DA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahlquist DA, Taylor WR, Mahoney DW, et al.. The stool DNA test is more accurate than the plasma septin 9 test in detecting colorectal neoplasia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012, 10:272-277.e1. 10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.10.008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.09.075","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on approach to the use of noninvasive colorectal cancer screening options: commentary","volume":"162","author":"Burke CA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burke CA, Lieberman D, Feuerstein JD. AGA clinical practice update on approach to the use of noninvasive colorectal cancer screening options: commentary. Gastroenterology. 2022, 162:952-956. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.09.075","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.221044","article-title":"Validation of a real-time PCR-based qualitative assay for the detection of methylated SEPT9 DNA in human plasma","volume":"60","author":"Potter NT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Potter NT, Hurban P, White MN, et al.. Validation of a real-time PCR-based qualitative assay for the detection of methylated SEPT9 DNA in human plasma. Clin Chem. 2014, 60:1183-1191. 10.1373\/clinchem.2013.221044","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000341884","article-title":"Noninvasive screening tests for colorectal cancer","volume":"30","author":"Imperiale TF","year":"2012","unstructured":"Imperiale TF. Noninvasive screening tests for colorectal cancer. Dig Dis. 2012, 30:16-26. 10.1159\/000341884","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4417","article-title":"Screening for colorectal cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"325","author":"Lin JS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin JS, Perdue LA, Henrikson NB, Bean SI, Blasi PR. Screening for colorectal cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2021, 325:1978-1998. 10.1001\/jama.2021.4417","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Fecal occult blood test","author":"Kaur K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaur K, Zubair M, Adamski JJ. Fecal occult blood test. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2021."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29148","article-title":"Which adenomas are detected by fecal occult blood testing? A state-wide analysis from Bavaria, Germany","volume":"136","author":"Brenner H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Birkner B, Stock C. Which adenomas are detected by fecal occult blood testing? A state-wide analysis from Bavaria, Germany. Int J Cancer. 2015, 136:1672-1679. 10.1002\/ijc.29148","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032773","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening with faecal testing, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Jodal HC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jodal HC, Helsingen LM, Anderson JC, Lytvyn L, Vandvik PO, Emilsson L. Colorectal cancer screening with faecal testing, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019, 9:e032773. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032773","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-013-0357-x","article-title":"FIT testing: an overview","volume":"15","author":"Day LW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Day LW, Bhuket T, Allison J. FIT testing: an overview. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2013, 15:357. 10.1007\/s11894-013-0357-x","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21457","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening for average-risk adults: 2018 guideline update from the American Cancer Society","volume":"68","author":"Wolf AM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolf AM, Fontham ET, Church TR, et al.. Colorectal cancer screening for average-risk adults: 2018 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018, 68:250-281. 10.3322\/caac.21457","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/326728","article-title":"Developments in screening tests and strategies for colorectal cancer","volume":"2015","author":"Sovich JL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sovich JL, Sartor Z, Misra S. Developments in screening tests and strategies for colorectal cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2015, 2015:326728. 10.1155\/2015\/326728","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3451-5","article-title":"Multi-target stool DNA test: a new high bar for noninvasive screening","volume":"60","author":"Ahlquist DA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahlquist DA. Multi-target stool DNA test: a new high bar for noninvasive screening. Dig Dis Sci. 2015, 60:623-633. 10.1007\/s10620-014-3451-5","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201018","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of multitarget stool DNA and CT colonography for noninvasive colorectal cancer screening","volume":"297","author":"Pickhardt PJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pickhardt PJ, Graffy PM, Weigman B, Deiss-Yehiely N, Hassan C, Weiss JM. Diagnostic performance of multitarget stool DNA and CT colonography for noninvasive colorectal cancer screening. Radiology. 2020, 297:120-129. 10.1148\/radiol.2020201018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.07.035","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of multitarget stool DNA testing vs colonoscopy or fecal immunochemical testing for colorectal cancer screening in Alaska native people","volume":"96","author":"Redwood DG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Redwood DG, Dinh TA, Kisiel JB, et al.. Cost-effectiveness of multitarget stool DNA testing vs colonoscopy or fecal immunochemical testing for colorectal cancer screening in Alaska native people. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021, 96:1203-1217. 10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.07.035","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1311194","article-title":"Multitarget stool DNA testing for colorectal-cancer screening","volume":"370","author":"Imperiale TF","year":"2014","unstructured":"Imperiale TF, Ransohoff DF, Itzkowitz SH, et al.. Multitarget stool DNA testing for colorectal-cancer screening. N Engl J Med. 2014, 370:1287-1297. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1311194","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000445","article-title":"Multitarget stool DNA test performance in an average-risk colorectal cancer screening population","volume":"114","author":"Bosch LJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bosch LJ, Melotte V, Mongera S, et al.. Multitarget stool DNA test performance in an average-risk colorectal cancer screening population. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019, 114:1909-1918. 10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000445","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2014.12.4.268","article-title":"Impact of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: an evidence-based review of published prospective and retrospective studies","volume":"12","author":"Lin OS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin OS, Kozarek RA, Cha JM. Impact of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: an evidence-based review of published prospective and retrospective studies. Intest Res. 2014, 12:268-274. 10.5217\/ir.2014.12.4.268","journal-title":"Intest Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.08.020","article-title":"Advanced imaging in colonoscopy and its impact on quality","volume":"79","author":"Sharma P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharma P, Gupta N, Kuipers EJ, Repici A, Wallace M. Advanced imaging in colonoscopy and its impact on quality. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014, 79:28-36. 10.1016\/j.gie.2013.08.020","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0758","article-title":"Effectiveness of screening colonoscopy to prevent colorectal cancer among medicare beneficiaries aged 70 to 79 years: a prospective observational study","volume":"166","author":"Garc\u00eda-Alb\u00e9niz X","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Alb\u00e9niz X, Hsu J, Bretthauer M, Hern\u00e1n MA. Effectiveness of screening colonoscopy to prevent colorectal cancer among medicare beneficiaries aged 70 to 79 years: a prospective observational study. Ann Intern Med. 2017, 166:18-26. 10.7326\/M16-0758","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226027","article-title":"Screening colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy for reduction of colorectal cancer incidence: a case-control study","volume":"14","author":"Ko CW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ko CW, Doria-Rose VP, Barrett MJ, Kamineni A, Enewold L, Weiss NS. Screening colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy for reduction of colorectal cancer incidence: a case-control study. PLoS One. 2019, 14:e0226027. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0226027","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60551-X","article-title":"Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"375","author":"Atkin WS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Atkin WS, Edwards R, Kralj-Hans I, et al.. Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010, 375:1624-1633. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60551-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr284","article-title":"Once-only sigmoidoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: follow-up findings of the Italian Randomized Controlled Trial--SCORE","volume":"103","author":"Segnan N","year":"2011","unstructured":"Segnan N, Armaroli P, Bonelli L, et al.. Once-only sigmoidoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: follow-up findings of the Italian Randomized Controlled Trial--SCORE. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011, 103:1310-1322. 10.1093\/jnci\/djr284","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-019-03300-7","article-title":"Screening flexible sigmoidoscopy versus colonoscopy for reduction of colorectal cancer mortality","volume":"34","author":"Ko CW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ko CW, Doria-Rose VP, Barrett MJ, Kamineni A, Enewold L, Weiss NS. Screening flexible sigmoidoscopy versus colonoscopy for reduction of colorectal cancer mortality. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2019, 34:1273-1281. 10.1007\/s00384-019-03300-7","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15063","article-title":"Computed tomography colonography: a retrospective analysis of outcomes of 2 years experience in a district general hospital","volume":"89","author":"Lynn W","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lynn W, Vadhwana B, Bell DJ, Borgstein R, Demetriou G, Nair MS, Meleagros L. Computed tomography colonography: a retrospective analysis of outcomes of 2 years experience in a district general hospital. ANZ J Surg. 2019, 89:541-545. 10.1111\/ans.15063","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800996","article-title":"Accuracy of CT colonography for detection of large adenomas and cancers","volume":"359","author":"Johnson CD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson CD, Chen MH, Toledano AY, et al.. Accuracy of CT colonography for detection of large adenomas and cancers. N Engl J Med. 2008, 359:1207-1217. 10.1056\/NEJMoa0800996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32573","article-title":"Plasma miRNA-based signatures in CRC screening programs","volume":"146","author":"Zanutto S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zanutto S, Ciniselli CM, Belfiore A, et al.. Plasma miRNA-based signatures in CRC screening programs. Int J Cancer. 2020, 146:1164-1173. 10.1002\/ijc.32573","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20117","article-title":"Tumor-derived exosomes in colorectal cancer progression and their clinical applications","volume":"8","author":"Zhou J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou J, Li XL, Chen ZR, Chng WJ. Tumor-derived exosomes in colorectal cancer progression and their clinical applications. Oncotarget. 2017, 8:100781-100790. 10.18632\/oncotarget.20117","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00521","article-title":"Revisiting the role of exosomes in colorectal cancer: where are we now?","volume":"9","author":"Mannavola F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mannavola F, Salerno T, Passarelli A, Tucci M, Intern\u00f2 V, Silvestris F. Revisiting the role of exosomes in colorectal cancer: where are we now?. Front Oncol. 2019, 9:521. 10.3389\/fonc.2019.00521","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-0991-5","article-title":"Exosomes: composition, biogenesis, and mechanisms in cancer metastasis and drug resistance","volume":"18","author":"Mashouri L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mashouri L, Yousefi H, Aref AR, Ahadi AM, Molaei F, Alahari SK. Exosomes: composition, biogenesis, and mechanisms in cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Mol Cancer. 2019, 18:75. 10.1186\/s12943-019-0991-5","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2020.188426","article-title":"Exosomes: The protagonists in the tale of colorectal cancer?","volume":"1874","author":"Nabariya DK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nabariya DK, Pallu R, Yenuganti VR. Exosomes: The protagonists in the tale of colorectal cancer?. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2020, 1874:188426. 10.1016\/j.bbcan.2020.188426","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13081820","article-title":"Towards novel non-invasive colorectal cancer screening methods: a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Ferrari A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferrari A, Neefs I, Hoeck S, Peeters M, Van Hal G. Towards novel non-invasive colorectal cancer screening methods: a comprehensive review. Cancers (Basel). 2021, 13:1820. 10.3390\/cancers13081820","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619890732","article-title":"First steps towards combining faecal immunochemical testing with the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer screening","volume":"8","author":"Grobbee EJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grobbee EJ, Lam SY, Fuhler GM, et al.. First steps towards combining faecal immunochemical testing with the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer screening. United European Gastroenterol J. 2020, 8:293-302. 10.1177\/2050640619890732","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-18-1291","article-title":"Urinary metabolomics to identify a unique biomarker panel for detecting colorectal cancer: a multicenter study","volume":"28","author":"Deng L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deng L, Ismond K, Liu Z, et al.. Urinary metabolomics to identify a unique biomarker panel for detecting colorectal cancer: a multicenter study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019, 28:1283-1291. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-18-1291","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2014.2","article-title":"Development and validation of a highly sensitive urine-based test to identify patients with colonic adenomatous polyps","volume":"5","author":"Wang H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang H, Tso V, Wong C, Sadowski D, Fedorak RN. Development and validation of a highly sensitive urine-based test to identify patients with colonic adenomatous polyps. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2014, 5:e54. 10.1038\/ctg.2014.2","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-019-03419-7","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness analysis of a urine metabolomics test vs. alternative colorectal cancer screening strategies","volume":"34","author":"Barichello S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barichello S, Deng L, Ismond KP, et al.. Comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness analysis of a urine metabolomics test vs. alternative colorectal cancer screening strategies. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2019, 34:1953-1962. 10.1007\/s00384-019-03419-7","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.09.041","article-title":"Accuracy of colon capsule endoscopy for advanced neoplasia","volume":"91","author":"Pecere S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pecere S, Senore C, Hassan C, et al.. Accuracy of colon capsule endoscopy for advanced neoplasia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2020, 91:406-414.e1. 10.1016\/j.gie.2019.09.041","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.14557","article-title":"Colon capsule endoscopy for colonic surveillance","volume":"21","author":"Kroijer R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kroijer R, Kobaek-Larsen M, Qvist N, Knudsen T, Baatrup G. Colon capsule endoscopy for colonic surveillance. Colorectal Dis. 2019, 21:532-537. 10.1111\/codi.14557","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848251314829","article-title":"Innovative approaches in colorectal cancer screening: advances in detection methods and the role of artificial intelligence","volume":"18","author":"Duan C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duan C, Sheng J, Ma X. Innovative approaches in colorectal cancer screening: advances in detection methods and the role of artificial intelligence. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2025, 18:17562848251314829. 10.1177\/17562848251314829","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.06.059","article-title":"Performance of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy for adenoma and polyp detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Hassan C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hassan C, Spadaccini M, Iannone A, et al.. Performance of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy for adenoma and polyp detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2021, 93:77-85.e6. 10.1016\/j.gie.2020.06.059","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00161-4","article-title":"Polyp detection with colonoscopy assisted by the GI genius artificial intelligence endoscopy module compared with standard colonoscopy in routine colonoscopy practice (COLO-DETECT): a multicentre, open-label, parallel-arm, pragmatic randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Seager A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seager A, Sharp L, Neilson LJ, et al.. Polyp detection with colonoscopy assisted by the GI genius artificial intelligence endoscopy module compared with standard colonoscopy in routine colonoscopy practice (COLO-DETECT): a multicentre, open-label, parallel-arm, pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024, 9:911-923. 10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00161-4","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1812-x","article-title":"Reduced toxicity in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a comparison of volumetric modulated arc therapy and 3D conformal radiotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Dr\u00f6ge LH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dr\u00f6ge LH, Weber HE, Guhlich M, et al.. Reduced toxicity in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a comparison of volumetric modulated arc therapy and 3D conformal radiotherapy. BMC Cancer. 2015, 15:750. 10.1186\/s12885-015-1812-x","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Efficacy of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid in colon cancer. International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of Colon Cancer Trials (Impact) Investigators","volume":"345","author":"International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of Colon Cancer Trials (IMPACT) investigators","year":"1995","unstructured":"International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of Colon Cancer Trials (IMPACT) investigators. Efficacy of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid in colon cancer. International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of Colon Cancer Trials (Impact) Investigators. Lancet. 1995, 345:939-944.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90748-x","article-title":"Folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil as adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer","volume":"106","author":"Francini G","year":"1994","unstructured":"Francini G, Petrioli R, Lorenzini L, et al.. Folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil as adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer. Gastroenterology. 1994, 106:899-906. 10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90748-x","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.7.2105","article-title":"High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993","volume":"17","author":"Atkins MB","year":"1999","unstructured":"Atkins MB, Lotze MT, Dutcher JP, et al.. High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993. J Clin Oncol. 1999, 17:2105-2116. 10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.7.2105","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Interferon therapy in cancer: from imaginon to interferon","volume":"46","author":"Goldstein D","year":"1986","unstructured":"Goldstein D, Laszlo J. Interferon therapy in cancer: from imaginon to interferon. Cancer Res. 1986, 46:4315-4329.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v15.i4.495","article-title":"Current and emerging therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Kumar A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar A, Gautam V, Sandhu A, Rawat K, Sharma A, Saha L. Current and emerging therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2023, 15:495-519. 10.4240\/wjgs.v15.i4.495","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0051","article-title":"Rectal Cancer, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology","volume":"20","author":"Benson AB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Benson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, et al.. Rectal Cancer, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022, 20:1139-1167. 10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0051","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/366597-cracking-the-code-of-colorectal-cancer-screening-an-overview-with-a-focus-on-current-and-emerging-screening-methods","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T09:24:05Z","timestamp":1748078645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/366597-cracking-the-code-of-colorectal-cancer-screening-an-overview-with-a-focus-on-current-and-emerging-screening-methods"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"references-count":78,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.84724","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]}}}