{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:50:15Z","timestamp":1781110215616,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.84725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T09:49:46Z","timestamp":1748080186000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identifying Indicators for the Early Detection of Internet Addiction Among University Students"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Fujimaki","family":"Koichiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Morinobu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237","article-title":"Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder","volume":"1","author":"Young KS","year":"1998","unstructured":"Young KS. Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav. 1998, 1:237-44. 10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.59","article-title":"How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of internet use disorders and what to do with \"smartphone addiction\"?","volume":"9","author":"Montag C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Montag C, Wegmann E, Sariyska R, Demetrovics Z, Brand M. How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of internet use disorders and what to do with \"smartphone addiction\"?. J Behav Addict. 2021, 9:908-14. 10.1556\/2006.8.2019.59","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000315","article-title":"Treatments for internet gaming disorder and internet addiction: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Zajac K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zajac K, Ginley MK, Chang R, Petry NM. Treatments for internet gaming disorder and internet addiction: a systematic review. Psychol Addict Behav. 2017, 31:979-94. 10.1037\/adb0000315","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"[Key points of the 2019 telecommunications usage. trends survey]. (2020). Accessed: May 24, 2025: https:\/\/www.soumu.go.jp\/johotsusintokei\/statistics\/data\/200529_1.pdf."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"[Key points of the 2023 telecommunications usage. trends survey]. (2024). Accessed: May 24, 2025: https:\/\/www.soumu.go.jp\/johotsusintokei\/statistics\/data\/240607_1.pdf."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0317","article-title":"Internet addiction prevalence and quality of (real) life: a meta-analysis of 31 nations across seven world regions","volume":"17","author":"Cheng C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng C, Li AY. Internet addiction prevalence and quality of (real) life: a meta-analysis of 31 nations across seven world regions. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014, 17:755-60. 10.1089\/cyber.2014.0317","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.079","article-title":"Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use","volume":"63","author":"Elhai JD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elhai JD, Levine JC, Dvorak RD, Hall BJ. Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use. Comput Human Behav. 2016, 63:509-16. 10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.079","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103611","article-title":"Understanding smartphone usage in college classrooms: a long-term measurement study","volume":"141","author":"Kim I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim I, Kim R, Kim H, et al.. Understanding smartphone usage in college classrooms: a long-term measurement study. Comput Educ. 2019, 141:103611. 10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103611","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009089","article-title":"Association of screen time with self-perceived attention problems and hyperactivity levels in French students: a cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Montagni I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Montagni I, Guichard E, Kurth T. Association of screen time with self-perceived attention problems and hyperactivity levels in French students: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016, 6:e009089. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009089","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00095-0","article-title":"Analysis of problematic smartphone use across different age groups within the \u2018components model of addiction\u2019","volume":"19","author":"Csibi S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Csibi S, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z, Szabo A. Analysis of problematic smartphone use across different age groups within the \u2018components model of addiction\u2019. Int J Ment Health Addiction. 2021, 19:616-31. 10.1007\/s11469-019-00095-0","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addiction"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"High school students' use of smartphones and apps. questionnaire survey regarding. (2014). Accessed: May 24, 2025: https:\/\/www.soumu.go.jp\/iicp\/chousakenkyu\/data\/research\/survey\/telecom\/2014\/03questionnaire.pdf."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.0249","article-title":"French validation of the internet addiction test","volume":"11","author":"Khazaal Y","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khazaal Y, Billieux J, Thorens G, et al.. French validation of the internet addiction test. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008, 11:703-6. 10.1089\/cpb.2007.0249","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019660","article-title":"Problematic internet use in high school students in Guangdong province, China","volume":"6","author":"Wang H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhou X, Lu C, Wu J, Deng X, Hong L. Problematic internet use in high school students in Guangdong province, China. PLoS One. 2011, 6:e19660. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0019660","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Determinants of problematic internet use among El-Minia high school students, Egypt","volume":"4","author":"Kamal NN","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamal NN, Mosallem FA. Determinants of problematic internet use among El-Minia high school students, Egypt. Int J Prev Med. 2013, 4:1429-37.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.49","article-title":"Is smartphone addiction really an addiction?","volume":"7","author":"Panova T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Panova T, Carbonell X. Is smartphone addiction really an addiction?. J Behav Addict. 2018, 7:252-9. 10.1556\/2006.7.2018.49","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.08.012","article-title":"The relationship between the type of smartphone use and smartphone dependence of Korean adolescents: national survey study","volume":"81","author":"Bae SM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bae SM. The relationship between the type of smartphone use and smartphone dependence of Korean adolescents: national survey study. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2017, 81:207-11. 10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.08.012","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.035","article-title":"What type of content are smartphone users addicted to?: SNS vs. games","volume":"54","author":"Jeong SH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeong SH, Kim H, Yum JY, Hwang Y. What type of content are smartphone users addicted to?: SNS vs. games. Comput Human Behav. 2016, 54:10-7. 10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.035","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21134\/rpcna.2018.05.2.4","article-title":"[Scale of risk of addiction to medias and internet for adolescents: reliability and validity (ERA-RSI)]","volume":"5","author":"Peris M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peris M, Maganto C, Garaigordobil M. [Scale of risk of addiction to medias and internet for adolescents: reliability and validity (ERA-RSI)]. Rev Psic Clin con Ni\u00f1os y Adolesc. 2018, 5:30-6. 10.21134\/rpcna.2018.05.2.4","journal-title":"Rev Psic Clin con Ni\u00f1os y Adolesc"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.05.002","article-title":"Out of sight is not out of mind: the impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users","volume":"37","author":"Cheever NA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheever NA, Rosen LD, Carrier LM, Chavez A. Out of sight is not out of mind: the impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Comput Human Behav. 2014, 37:290-7. 10.1016\/j.chb.2014.05.002","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010040","article-title":"Risk factors for internet gaming disorder: psychological factors and internet gaming characteristics","volume":"15","author":"Rho MJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rho MJ, Lee H, Lee TH, Cho H, Jung DJ, Kim DJ, Choi IY. Risk factors for internet gaming disorder: psychological factors and internet gaming characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017, 15:40. 10.3390\/ijerph15010040","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.12.021","article-title":"Compulsive internet use: the role of online gaming and other internet applications","volume":"47","author":"van Rooij AJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Rooij AJ, Schoenmakers TM, van de Eijnden RJ, van de Mheen D. Compulsive internet use: the role of online gaming and other internet applications. J Adolesc Health. 2010, 47:51-7. 10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.12.021","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.12.006","article-title":"Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: development and validation of a short psychometric scale","volume":"45","author":"Pontes HM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pontes HM, Griffiths MD. Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Comput Human Behav. 2015, 45:137-43. 10.1016\/j.chb.2014.12.006","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2645-y","article-title":"Problematic cell phone use for text messaging and substance abuse in early adolescence (11- to 13-year-olds)","volume":"175","author":"Gallimberti L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gallimberti L, Buja A, Chindamo S, et al.. Problematic cell phone use for text messaging and substance abuse in early adolescence (11- to 13-year-olds). Eur J Pediatr. 2016, 175:355-64. 10.1007\/s00431-015-2645-y","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2009.0071","article-title":"Quality of interpersonal relationships and problematic internet use in adolescence","volume":"12","author":"Milani L","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milani L, Osualdella D, Di Blasio P. Quality of interpersonal relationships and problematic internet use in adolescence. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009, 12:681-4. 10.1089\/cpb.2009.0071","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-008-9162-4","article-title":"A survey on the generalized problematic internet use in Chinese college students and its relations to stressful life events and coping style","volume":"7","author":"Li H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li H, Wang J, Wang L. A survey on the generalized problematic internet use in Chinese college students and its relations to stressful life events and coping style. Int J Ment Health Addiction. 2009, 7:333-46. 10.1007\/s11469-008-9162-4","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addiction"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/embr.201338222","article-title":"Internet addiction disorder and youth: there are growing concerns about compulsive online activity and that this could impede students' performance and social lives","volume":"15","author":"Wallace P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wallace P. Internet addiction disorder and youth: there are growing concerns about compulsive online activity and that this could impede students' performance and social lives. EMBO Rep. 2014, 15:12-6. 10.1002\/embr.201338222","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-0958-x","article-title":"The use of smartphones in different phases of medical school and its relationship to internet addiction and learning approaches","volume":"42","author":"Loredo E Silva MP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Loredo E Silva MP, de Souza Matos BD, da Silva Ezequiel O, Lucchetti AL, Lucchetti G. The use of smartphones in different phases of medical school and its relationship to internet addiction and learning approaches. J Med Syst. 2018, 42:106. 10.1007\/s10916-018-0958-x","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106346","article-title":"Using a smartphone while walking: the cost of smartphone-addiction proneness","volume":"106","author":"Mourra GN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mourra GN, S\u00e9n\u00e9cal S, Fredette M, et al.. Using a smartphone while walking: the cost of smartphone-addiction proneness. Addict Behav. 2020, 106:106346. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106346","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1399-5","article-title":"\"From the moment I wake up I will use it\u2026every day, very hour\": a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents' mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Toh SH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toh SH, Howie EK, Coenen P, Straker LM. \"From the moment I wake up I will use it\u2026every day, very hour\": a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents' mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives. BMC Pediatr. 2019, 19:30. 10.1186\/s12887-019-1399-5","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-016-1036-3","article-title":"Media multitasking in adolescence","volume":"23","author":"Cain MS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cain MS, Leonard JA, Gabrieli JD, Finn AS. Media multitasking in adolescence. Psychon Bull Rev. 2016, 23:1932-41. 10.3758\/s13423-016-1036-3","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130903381180","article-title":"Mobile phone use while cycling: incidence and effects on behaviour and safety","volume":"53","author":"de Waard D","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Waard D, Schepers P, Ormel W, Brookhuis K. Mobile phone use while cycling: incidence and effects on behaviour and safety. Ergonomics. 2010, 53:30-42. 10.1080\/00140130903381180","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1138741600002365","article-title":"Analysis of the indicators of pathological internet use in Spanish university students","volume":"13","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Rivas MJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Rivas MJ, Fern\u00e1ndez L, G\u00e1mez-Guadix M. Analysis of the indicators of pathological internet use in Spanish university students. Span J Psychol. 2010, 13:697-707. 10.1017\/s1138741600002365","journal-title":"Span J Psychol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21649\/akemu.v24is.2518","article-title":"Effect of internet addiction on dietary behavior and lifestyle characteristics among university students","volume":"24","author":"Kamran H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamran H, Afreen A, Ahmed Z. Effect of internet addiction on dietary behavior and lifestyle characteristics among university students. Ann King Edw Med Univ. 2018, 24:836-41. 10.21649\/akemu.v24is.2518","journal-title":"Ann King Edw Med Univ"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/362997-identifying-indicators-for-the-early-detection-of-internet-addiction-among-university-students","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T09:49:47Z","timestamp":1748080187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/362997-identifying-indicators-for-the-early-detection-of-internet-addiction-among-university-students"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.84725","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]}}}