{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:39:44Z","timestamp":1778254784847,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.84957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T11:56:55Z","timestamp":1748433415000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the Association Between Myocardial Infarction and Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Iqrah A","family":"Issimdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Mudegowdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anchal R","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keval  B","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Elshoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vidhi Mahendra","family":"Bhanushali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua R","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aishwarrya","family":"Meiyalagan Varalakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sahotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mazin","family":"Kashif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivasvat","family":"Binny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahila A","family":"Pathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Humza F","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12081154","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia: a review","volume":"12","author":"Thong EH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thong EH, Quek EJ, Loo JH, et al.. Acute myocardial infarction and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia: a review. Biology (Basel). 2023, 12:10.3390\/biology12081154","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12154954","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in cardiovascular patients after myocardial infarction: prospective clinical study","volume":"12","author":"Kasprzak D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kasprzak D, Kaczmarek-Majer K, Rze\u017aniczak J, et al.. Cognitive impairment in cardiovascular patients after myocardial infarction: prospective clinical study. J Clin Med. 2023, 12:10.3390\/jcm12154954","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010054","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and brain health: impact on long-range cortical connections and cognitive performance","volume":"7","author":"Marebwa BK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marebwa BK, Adams RJ, Magwood GS, et al.. Cardiovascular risk factors and brain health: impact on long-range cortical connections and cognitive performance. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018, 7:e010054. 10.1161\/JAHA.118.010054","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.560947","article-title":"The longitudinal association between cardiovascular risk and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults in China: a nationally representative cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Hua W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hua W, Hou J, Jiang T, et al.. The longitudinal association between cardiovascular risk and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults in China: a nationally representative cohort study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020, 7:560947. 10.3389\/fcvm.2020.560947","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.25","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit: disease cause or consequence?","volume":"32","author":"Stanimirovic DB","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stanimirovic DB, Friedman A. Pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit: disease cause or consequence?. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012, 32:1207-21. 10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.25","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-015-0308-1","article-title":"Microvascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment","volume":"36","author":"De Silva TM","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Silva TM, Faraci FM. Microvascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2016, 36:241-58. 10.1007\/s10571-015-0308-1","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-011-0189-x","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk factors and cognition in the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Leritz EC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leritz EC, McGlinchey RE, Kellison I, Rudolph JL, Milberg WP. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and cognition in the elderly. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2011, 5:407-12. 10.1007\/s12170-011-0189-x","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007301","article-title":"Association of atrial fibrillation with cognitive decline and dementia over 20 years: the ARIC-NCS (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study)","volume":"7","author":"Chen LY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen LY, Norby FL, Gottesman RF, et al.. Association of atrial fibrillation with cognitive decline and dementia over 20 years: the ARIC-NCS (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study). J Am Heart Assoc. 2018, 7:10.1161\/JAHA.117.007301","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6968","article-title":"Trajectory of cognitive decline after incident stroke","volume":"314","author":"Levine DA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levine DA, Galecki AT, Langa KM, Unverzagt FW, Kabeto MU, Giordani B, Wadley VG. Trajectory of cognitive decline after incident stroke. JAMA. 2015, 314:41-51. 10.1001\/jama.2015.6968","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32890","article-title":"Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on cognitive function in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Ishihara K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishihara K, Izawa KP, Kitamura M, et al.. Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on cognitive function in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review. Heliyon. 2024, 10:e32890. 10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32890","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"Livingston G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, et al.. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020, 396:413-46. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.0466","article-title":"Myocardial infarction bends the curve of age-related cognitive decline, but how?","volume":"80","author":"Smith EE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smith EE, Silbert LC. Myocardial infarction bends the curve of age-related cognitive decline, but how?. JAMA Neurol. 2023, 80:665-7. 10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.0466","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack CR Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al.. NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018, 14:535-62. 10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1331","article-title":"Association between acute myocardial infarction and cognition","volume":"80","author":"Johansen MC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johansen MC, Ye W, Gross A, et al.. Association between acute myocardial infarction and cognition. JAMA Neurol. 2023, 80:723-31. 10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1331","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.04.019","article-title":"Cognitive decline before and after incident coronary events","volume":"73","author":"Xie W","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xie W, Zheng F, Yan L, Zhong B. Cognitive decline before and after incident coronary events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019, 73:3041-50. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.04.019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029127","article-title":"Higher risk of vascular dementia in myocardial infarction survivors","volume":"137","author":"Sundb\u00f8ll J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sundb\u00f8ll J, Horv\u00e1th-Puh\u00f3 E, Adelborg K, et al.. Higher risk of vascular dementia in myocardial infarction survivors. Circulation. 2018, 137:567-77. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029127","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1283997","article-title":"Trends in cognitive function before and after myocardial infarction: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study","volume":"16","author":"Shang J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shang J, Dong J, Zhu S, Chen Q, Hua J. Trends in cognitive function before and after myocardial infarction: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2024, 16:1283997. 10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1283997","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.04.065","article-title":"Cognitive outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 91,829 patients","volume":"289","author":"Greaves D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greaves D, Psaltis PJ, Ross TJ, Davis D, Smith AE, Boord MS, Keage HA. Cognitive outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 91,829 patients. Int J Cardiol. 2019, 289:43-9. 10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.04.065","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01897-w","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction correlates with physical impairment in frail patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"34","author":"Mone P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mone P, Gambardella J, Pansini A, Martinelli G, Minicucci F, Mauro C, Santulli G. Cognitive dysfunction correlates with physical impairment in frail patients with acute myocardial infarction. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022, 34:49-53. 10.1007\/s40520-021-01897-w","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2020.03.021","article-title":"Gait speed test and cognitive decline in frail women with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"360","author":"Mone P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mone P, Pansini A. Gait speed test and cognitive decline in frail women with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med Sci. 2020, 360:484-8. 10.1016\/j.amjms.2020.03.021","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-020-01440-0","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and depression after acute myocardial infarction: associations with ejection fraction and demographic characteristics","volume":"121","author":"Diki\u0107 A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Diki\u0107 A, Radmilo L, \u017divanovi\u0107 \u017d, Kekovi\u0107 G, Sekuli\u0107 S, Kova\u010di\u0107 Z, Radmilo R. Cognitive impairment and depression after acute myocardial infarction: associations with ejection fraction and demographic characteristics. Acta Neurol Belg. 2021, 121:1615-22. 10.1007\/s13760-020-01440-0","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0000000000001049","article-title":"The impact of cognitive impairment in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous revascularization: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Prasitlumkum N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prasitlumkum N, Doyle KS, Ding KR, Natarajan B, Mukherjee A, Varadarajan P, Pai RG. The impact of cognitive impairment in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous revascularization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Coron Artery Dis. 2022, 31:e59-66. 10.1097\/MCA.0000000000001049","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2235042X20940493","article-title":"Comorbid vision and cognitive impairments in older adults hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"10","author":"Whitson HE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Whitson HE, Hajduk AM, Song X, Geda M, Tsang S, Brush J, Chaudhry SI. Comorbid vision and cognitive impairments in older adults hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction. J Comorb. 2020, 10:2235042X20940493. 10.1177\/2235042X20940493","journal-title":"J Comorb"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2527384","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional impairment after minor stroke and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI): a prevalence study","volume":"2019","author":"Morsund \u00c5H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morsund \u00c5H, Ellekj\u00e6r H, Gramstad A, et al.. Cognitive and emotional impairment after minor stroke and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI): a prevalence study. Stroke Res Treat. 2019, 2019:2527384. 10.1155\/2019\/2527384","journal-title":"Stroke Res Treat"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004997","article-title":"Early time course of major bleeding on antiplatelet therapy after TIA or ischemic stroke","volume":"90","author":"Hilkens NA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hilkens NA, Algra A, Kappelle LJ, Bath PM, Csiba L, Rothwell PM, Greving JP. Early time course of major bleeding on antiplatelet therapy after TIA or ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2018, 90:e683-9. 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.04.065","article-title":"Cognitive outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 91,829 patients","volume":"289","author":"Greaves D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greaves D, Psaltis PJ, Ross TJ, Davis D, Smith AE, Boord MS, Keage HA. Cognitive outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 91,829 patients. Int J Cardiol. 2019, 289:43-9. 10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.04.065","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12251","article-title":"The risk of dementia after coronary artery bypass grafting in relation to age and sex","volume":"17","author":"Giang KW","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giang KW, Jeppsson A, Karlsson M, et al.. The risk of dementia after coronary artery bypass grafting in relation to age and sex. Alzheimers Dement. 2021, 17:1042-50. 10.1002\/alz.12251","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000191","article-title":"Coronary artery bypass graft surgery and dementia risk in the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"31","author":"Ku\u017ama E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ku\u017ama E, Airdrie J, Littlejohns TJ, et al.. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery and dementia risk in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2017, 31:120-7. 10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000191","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcab039","article-title":"The SWEDEHEART secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation registry (SWEDEHEART CR registry)","volume":"7","author":"B\u00e4ck M","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u00e4ck M, Leosdottir M, Hagstr\u00f6m E, et al.. The SWEDEHEART secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation registry (SWEDEHEART CR registry). Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2021, 7:431-7. 10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcab039","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-016-9624-1","article-title":"Perceived cognition after percutaneous coronary intervention: association with quality of life, mood and fatigue in the THORESCI study","volume":"24","author":"Duijndam S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duijndam S, Denollet J, Nykl\u00ed\u010dek I, Kupper N. Perceived cognition after percutaneous coronary intervention: association with quality of life, mood and fatigue in the THORESCI study. Int J Behav Med. 2017, 24:552-62. 10.1007\/s12529-016-9624-1","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.5816","article-title":"Coronary revascularization and cognitive decline: the patient or the procedure?","volume":"325","author":"Gottesman RF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gottesman RF, Johansen MC. Coronary revascularization and cognitive decline: the patient or the procedure?. JAMA. 2021, 325:1941-2. 10.1001\/jama.2021.5816","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.5150","article-title":"Association of coronary artery bypass grafting vs percutaneous coronary intervention with memory decline in older adults undergoing coronary revascularization","volume":"325","author":"Whitlock EL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whitlock EL, Diaz-Ramirez LG, Smith AK, Boscardin WJ, Covinsky KE, Avidan MS, Glymour MM. Association of coronary artery bypass grafting vs percutaneous coronary intervention with memory decline in older adults undergoing coronary revascularization. JAMA. 2021, 325:1955-64. 10.1001\/jama.2021.5150","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.07.020","article-title":"Presentation, Treatment, and outcomes of the oldest-old patients with acute myocardial infarction: the SILVER-AMI study","volume":"134","author":"Gupta A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta A, Tsang S, Hajduk A, et al.. Presentation, Treatment, and outcomes of the oldest-old patients with acute myocardial infarction: the SILVER-AMI study. Am J Med. 2021, 134:95-103. 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.07.020","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.08.005","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and outcomes in older adult survivors of acute myocardial infarction: findings from the translational research investigating underlying disparities in acute myocardial infarction patients' health status registry","volume":"162","author":"Gharacholou SM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gharacholou SM, Reid KJ, Arnold SV, et al.. Cognitive impairment and outcomes in older adult survivors of acute myocardial infarction: findings from the translational research investigating underlying disparities in acute myocardial infarction patients' health status registry. Am Heart J. 2011, 162:860-869.e1. 10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.08.005","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S121086","article-title":"Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in employable patients after acute coronary event in cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"13","author":"Salzwedel A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salzwedel A, Heidler MD, Haubold K, et al.. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in employable patients after acute coronary event in cardiac rehabilitation. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2017, 13:55-60. 10.2147\/VHRM.S121086","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi707","article-title":"Incidence of recognized and unrecognized myocardial infarction in men and women aged 55 and older: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"27","author":"de Torbal A","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Torbal A, Boersma E, Kors JA, et al.. Incidence of recognized and unrecognized myocardial infarction in men and women aged 55 and older: the Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J. 2006, 27:729-36. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi707","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medntd.2019.100025","article-title":"Gender differences in cardiovascular disease","volume":"4","author":"Gao Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao Z, Chen Z, Sun A, Deng X. Gender differences in cardiovascular disease. Med Nov Technol Devices. 2019, 4:100025. 10.1016\/j.medntd.2019.100025","journal-title":"Med Nov Technol Devices"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000369","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study","volume":"2","author":"Haring B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haring B, Leng X, Robinson J, et al.. Cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013, 2:e000369. 10.1161\/JAHA.113.000369","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)01016-1","article-title":"The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: findings and implications for treatment","volume":"4","author":"Craig MC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Craig MC, Maki PM, Murphy DG. The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: findings and implications for treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2005, 4:190-4. 10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)01016-1","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad475","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction is associated with faster age-related cognitive decline","volume":"44","author":"Liuzzo G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liuzzo G, Patrono C. Acute myocardial infarction is associated with faster age-related cognitive decline. Eur Heart J. 2023, 44:3718-9. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad475","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032571","article-title":"Blood-based cardiac biomarkers and the risk of cognitive decline, cerebrovascular disease, and clinical events","volume":"52","author":"Gyanwali B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gyanwali B, Lai MK, Lui B, et al.. Blood-based cardiac biomarkers and the risk of cognitive decline, cerebrovascular disease, and clinical events. Stroke. 2021, 52:2275-83. 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032571","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517751452","article-title":"Cognitive function in patients with coronary artery disease: a literature review","volume":"46","author":"Burkauskas J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burkauskas J, Lang P, Bunevi\u010dius A, Neverauskas J, Bu\u010di\u016bt\u0117-Jankauskien\u0117 M, Mickuvien\u0117 N. Cognitive function in patients with coronary artery disease: a literature review. J Int Med Res. 2018, 46:4019-31. 10.1177\/0300060517751452","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13114","article-title":"Association of ischemic heart disease with long-term risk of cognitive decline and dementia: a cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Imahori Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Imahori Y, Vetrano DL, Ljungman P, et al.. Association of ischemic heart disease with long-term risk of cognitive decline and dementia: a cohort study. Alzheimers Dement. 2023, 19:5541-9. 10.1002\/alz.13114","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.031407","article-title":"Association between onset age of coronary heart disease and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Liang J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang J, Li C, Gao D, et al.. Association between onset age of coronary heart disease and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023, 12:e031407. 10.1161\/JAHA.123.031407","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1304864","article-title":"Heart-brain interaction in cardiogenic dementia: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential","volume":"11","author":"Liu J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu J, Xiao G, Liang Y, He S, Lyu M, Zhu Y. Heart-brain interaction in cardiogenic dementia: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024, 11:1304864. 10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1304864","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.036696","article-title":"Associations between atherosclerosis and subsequent cognitive decline: a prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Liang J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang J, Pan Y, Zhang W, et al.. Associations between atherosclerosis and subsequent cognitive decline: a prospective cohort study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024, 13:e036696. 10.1161\/JAHA.124.036696","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.12.079","article-title":"Brain volume and cognitive function in patients with revascularized coronary artery disease","volume":"230","author":"Ottens TH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ottens TH, Hendrikse J, Nathoe HM, Biessels GJ, van Dijk D. Brain volume and cognitive function in patients with revascularized coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol. 2017, 230:80-4. 10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.12.079","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2022.101600","article-title":"Resolving inflammatory links between myocardial infarction and vascular dementia","volume":"59","author":"Thorp EB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thorp EB, Flanagan ME, Popko B, DeBerge M. Resolving inflammatory links between myocardial infarction and vascular dementia. Semin Immunol. 2022, 59:101600. 10.1016\/j.smim.2022.101600","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223211063020","article-title":"The interaction and pathogenesis between cognitive impairment and common cardiovascular diseases in the elderly","volume":"13","author":"Zuo W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zuo W, Wu J. The interaction and pathogenesis between cognitive impairment and common cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2022, 13:20406223211063020. 10.1177\/20406223211063020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S350109","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation: a potential target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"15","author":"Wang M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang M, Pan W, Xu Y, Zhang J, Wan J, Jiang H. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation: a potential target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. J Inflamm Res. 2022, 15:3083-94. 10.2147\/JIR.S350109","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202404_36014","article-title":"Non-cardiac comorbid health outcomes and prevalence after myocardial infarction: an umbrella review","volume":"28","author":"Jeon H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeon H, Lee H, Yang H, et al.. Non-cardiac comorbid health outcomes and prevalence after myocardial infarction: an umbrella review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024, 28:3006-15. 10.26355\/eurrev_202404_36014","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.02.020","article-title":"Incident cognitive dysfunction is associated with ischemic heart disease: insights from the UK Biobank","volume":"16","author":"Arai AE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arai AE, Arai AL. Incident cognitive dysfunction is associated with ischemic heart disease: insights from the UK Biobank. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023, 16:916-8. 10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.02.020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.01.016","article-title":"Ischemic heart disease and vascular risk factors are associated with accelerated brain aging","volume":"16","author":"Rauseo E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rauseo E, Salih A, Raisi-Estabragh Z, et al.. Ischemic heart disease and vascular risk factors are associated with accelerated brain aging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023, 16:905-15. 10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.01.016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166809","article-title":"Treatment with apoptosis inhibitor restores cognitive impairment in rats with myocardial infarction","volume":"1869","author":"Jinawong K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jinawong K, Piamsiri C, Apaijai N, et al.. Treatment with apoptosis inhibitor restores cognitive impairment in rats with myocardial infarction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2023, 1869:166809. 10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166809","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.040499","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in patients with cardiac disease: implications for clinical practice","volume":"54","author":"van Nieuwkerk AC","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Nieuwkerk AC, Delewi R, Wolters FJ, Muller M, Daemen M, Biessels GJ. Cognitive impairment in patients with cardiac disease: implications for clinical practice. Stroke. 2023, 54:2181-91. 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.040499","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14322","article-title":"An update on cognitive frailty: its definition, impact, associated factors and underlying mechanisms, and interventions","volume":"22","author":"Sugimoto T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sugimoto T, Arai H, Sakurai T. An update on cognitive frailty: its definition, impact, associated factors and underlying mechanisms, and interventions. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2022, 22:99-109. 10.1111\/ggi.14322","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.011968","article-title":"Rethinking cognitive impairment in the management of older patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"8","author":"Lowenstern A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lowenstern A, Wang TY. Rethinking cognitive impairment in the management of older patients with cardiovascular disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019, 8:e011968. 10.1161\/JAHA.119.011968","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029","article-title":"Interventions for frailty among older adults with cardiovascular disease: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"79","author":"Ijaz N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ijaz N, Buta B, Xue QL, et al.. Interventions for frailty among older adults with cardiovascular disease: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022, 79:482-503. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01964-3","article-title":"The impact of additional resistance and balance training in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in older patients after valve surgery or intervention: randomized control trial","volume":"21","author":"Tamulevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117-Prascien\u0117 E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamulevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117-Prascien\u0117 E, Beigien\u0117 A, Thompson MJ, Baln\u0117 K, Kubilius R, Bjarnason-Wehrens B. The impact of additional resistance and balance training in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in older patients after valve surgery or intervention: randomized control trial. BMC Geriatr. 2021, 21:23. 10.1186\/s12877-020-01964-3","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12030","article-title":"Resistance and balance training improves functional capacity in very old participants attending cardiac rehabilitation after coronary bypass surgery","volume":"60","author":"Busch JC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Busch JC, Lillou D, Wittig G, Bartsch P, Willemsen D, Oldridge N, Bjarnason-Wehrens B. Resistance and balance training improves functional capacity in very old participants attending cardiac rehabilitation after coronary bypass surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012, 60:2270-6. 10.1111\/jgs.12030","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033594","article-title":"Role of cognitive frailty in older adults with cardiovascular disease","volume":"13","author":"Ijaz N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ijaz N, Jamil Y, Brown CH 4th, et al.. Role of cognitive frailty in older adults with cardiovascular disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024, 13:e033594. 10.1161\/JAHA.123.033594","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60461-5","article-title":"A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Ngandu T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, et al.. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015, 385:2255-63. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60461-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01488-3","article-title":"The role of the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of cognitive impairement, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis","author":"Fekete M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fekete M, Varga P, Ungvari Z, et al.. The role of the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of cognitive impairement, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis. Geroscience. 2025, 10.1007\/s11357-024-01488-3","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093050","article-title":"The impact of atrial fibrillation treatment strategies on cognitive function","volume":"12","author":"Bodagh N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bodagh N, Kotadia I, Gharaviri A, et al.. The impact of atrial fibrillation treatment strategies on cognitive function. J Clin Med. 2023, 12:10.3390\/jcm12093050","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22092\/ari.2021.356047.1766","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency as an independent predictor of myocardial infarction in the elderly","volume":"76","author":"Zhernakova NI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhernakova NI, Bunova SS, Agarkov NM, Lebedev DT, Aksenov VV. Vitamin D deficiency as an independent predictor of myocardial infarction in the elderly. Arch Razi Inst. 2021, 76:1069-76. 10.22092\/ari.2021.356047.1766","journal-title":"Arch Razi Inst"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001080","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency predicts cognitive decline in older men and women: the Pro.V.A. Study","volume":"83","author":"Toffanello ED","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toffanello ED, Coin A, Perissinotto E, et al.. Vitamin D deficiency predicts cognitive decline in older men and women: the Pro.V.A. Study. Neurology. 2014, 83:2292-8. 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001080","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13642","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in myocardial infarction and heart failure","volume":"232","author":"Jinawong K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jinawong K, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Cognitive impairment in myocardial infarction and heart failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2021, 232:e13642. 10.1111\/apha.13642","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0928","article-title":"PNA5, a novel Mas receptor agonist, improves neurovascular and blood-brain-barrier function in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"15","author":"Hoyer-Kimura C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoyer-Kimura C, Hay M, Konhilas JP, et al.. PNA5, a novel Mas receptor agonist, improves neurovascular and blood-brain-barrier function in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Aging Dis. 2024, 15:1927-51. 10.14336\/AD.2023.0928","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.013896","article-title":"WNT signaling in cardiac and vascular disease","volume":"70","author":"Foulquier S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foulquier S, Daskalopoulos EP, Lluri G, Hermans KC, Deb A, Blankesteijn WM. WNT signaling in cardiac and vascular disease. Pharmacol Rev. 2018, 70:68-141. 10.1124\/pr.117.013896","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01655-0","article-title":"Neurocognitive disorders in heart failure: novel pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning memory loss and learning impairment","volume":"56","author":"Toledo C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toledo C, Andrade DC, D\u00edaz HS, Inestrosa NC, Del Rio R. Neurocognitive disorders in heart failure: novel pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning memory loss and learning impairment. Mol Neurobiol. 2019, 56:8035-51. 10.1007\/s12035-019-01655-0","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.039","article-title":"The inflammatory markers CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 are associated with cognitive function--data from the Berlin Aging Study II","volume":"38","author":"Tegeler C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tegeler C, O'Sullivan JL, Bucholtz N, Goldeck D, Pawelec G, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Demuth I. The inflammatory markers CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 are associated with cognitive function--data from the Berlin Aging Study II. Neurobiol Aging. 2016, 38:112-7. 10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.039","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz217","article-title":"Sex differences in the association between pentraxin 3 and cognitive decline: the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"75","author":"Miller LM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miller LM, Jenny NS, Rawlings AM, Arnold AM, Fitzpatrick AL, Lopez OL, Odden MC. Sex differences in the association between pentraxin 3 and cognitive decline: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020, 75:1523-9. 10.1093\/gerona\/glz217","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S460805","article-title":"Improving lower limb function and frailty in frail older patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled study of neuromuscular electrical stimulation","volume":"19","author":"Pu X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pu X, Huang H, Zhao X, et al.. Improving lower limb function and frailty in frail older patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled study of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Clin Interv Aging. 2024, 19:1163-76. 10.2147\/CIA.S460805","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/350305-exploring-the-association-between-myocardial-infarction-and-cognitive-decline-a-narrative-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T11:56:57Z","timestamp":1748433417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/350305-exploring-the-association-between-myocardial-infarction-and-cognitive-decline-a-narrative-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"references-count":73,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.84957","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]}}}