{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T01:13:15Z","timestamp":1785287595131,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.85516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T16:50:16Z","timestamp":1749315016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: Frequency and Predictors"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Venkatesh","family":"Vaithiyam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payila","family":"Aneesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Teja Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Chittem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarushi","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartik","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Dalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160510","article-title":"Introduction to the human gut microbiota","volume":"474","author":"Thursby E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thursby E, Juge N. Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J. 2017, 474:1823-36. 10.1042\/BCJ20160510","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease","volume":"26","author":"Carding S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carding S, Verbeke K, Vipond DT, Corfe BM, Owen LJ. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2015, 26:26191.","journal-title":"Microb Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a comprehensive review","volume":"3","author":"Dukowicz AC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dukowicz AC, Lacy BE, Levine GM. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a comprehensive review. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2007, 3:112-22.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70513-5","article-title":"AGA technical review on the evaluation and management of chronic diarrhea","volume":"116","author":"Fine KD","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fine KD, Schiller LR. AGA technical review on the evaluation and management of chronic diarrhea. Gastroenterology. 1999, 116:1464-86. 10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70513-5","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.09.055","article-title":"Breath testing for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: maximizing test accuracy","volume":"12","author":"Saad RJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saad RJ, Chey WD. Breath testing for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: maximizing test accuracy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014, 12:1964-72; quiz e119-20. 10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.09.055","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"The bacterial content of the small intestine in normal and cirrhotic subjects: relation to methionine toxicity","volume":"16","author":"Martini GA","year":"1957","unstructured":"Martini GA, Phear EA, Ruebner B, Sherlock S. The bacterial content of the small intestine in normal and cirrhotic subjects: relation to methionine toxicity. Clin Sci. 1957, 16:35-51.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"[Bacterial overgrowth in small intestine in patients with liver cirrhosis]","volume":"119","author":"Chesta J","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chesta J, Silva M, Thompson L, del Canto E, Defilippi C. [Bacterial overgrowth in small intestine in patients with liver cirrhosis]. Rev Med Chil. 1991, 119:626-32.","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1018899611006","article-title":"Altered small bowel motility in patients with liver cirrhosis depends on severity of liver disease","volume":"42","author":"Madrid AM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Madrid AM, Cumsille F, Defilippi C. Altered small bowel motility in patients with liver cirrhosis depends on severity of liver disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1997, 42:738-42. 10.1023\/a:1018899611006","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.03.006","article-title":"Trends in the management and burden of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"62","author":"Mathurin P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathurin P, Bataller R. Trends in the management and burden of alcoholic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2015, 62:S38-46. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.03.006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01022.x","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis: a possible mechanism of alcohol-induced endotoxemia and alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats","volume":"33","author":"Mutlu E","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mutlu E, Keshavarzian A, Engen P, Forsyth CB, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet P. Intestinal dysbiosis: a possible mechanism of alcohol-induced endotoxemia and alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009, 33:1836-46. 10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01022.x","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.020","article-title":"Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases","volume":"146","author":"Schnabl B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schnabl B, Brenner DA. Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases. Gastroenterology. 2014, 146:1513-24. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310585","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota contributes to individual susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Llopis M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Llopis M, Cassard AM, Wrzosek L, et al.. Intestinal microbiota contributes to individual susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease. Gut. 2016, 65:830-9. 10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310585","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31178","article-title":"Fecal microbiome distinguishes alcohol consumption from alcoholic hepatitis but does not discriminate disease severity","volume":"72","author":"Smirnova E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smirnova E, Puri P, Muthiah MD, et al.. Fecal microbiome distinguishes alcohol consumption from alcoholic hepatitis but does not discriminate disease severity. Hepatology. 2020, 72:271-86. 10.1002\/hep.31178","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23146-3","article-title":"Characterization of intestinal microbiota in alcoholic patients with and without alcoholic hepatitis or chronic alcoholic pancreatitis","volume":"8","author":"Ciocan D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ciocan D, Rebours V, Voican CS, Wrzosek L, Puchois V, Cassard AM, Perlemuter G. Characterization of intestinal microbiota in alcoholic patients with and without alcoholic hepatitis or chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Sci Rep. 2018, 8:4822. 10.1038\/s41598-018-23146-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1785251","article-title":"Changes in the fecal bacterial microbiota associated with disease severity in alcoholic hepatitis patients","volume":"12","author":"Lang S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lang S, Fairfied B, Gao B, Duan Y, Zhang X, Fouts DE, Schnabl B. Changes in the fecal bacterial microbiota associated with disease severity in alcoholic hepatitis patients. Gut Microbes. 2020, 12:1785251. 10.1080\/19490976.2020.1785251","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Breath hydrogen excretion in patients with alcoholic liver disease--evidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth","volume":"31","author":"Bode C","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bode C, Kolepke R, Sch\u00e4fer K, Bode JC. Breath hydrogen excretion in patients with alcoholic liver disease--evidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Z Gastroenterol. 1993, 31:3-7.","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12456","article-title":"Review article: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth - prevalence, clinical features, current and developing diagnostic tests, and treatment","volume":"38","author":"Grace E","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grace E, Shaw C, Whelan K, Andreyev HJ. Review article: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth - prevalence, clinical features, current and developing diagnostic tests, and treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013, 38:674-88. 10.1111\/apt.12456","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-022-01292-x","article-title":"Asian-Pacific consensus on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal disorders: an initiative of the Indian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association","volume":"41","author":"Ghoshal UC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghoshal UC, Sachdeva S, Ghoshal U, et al.. Asian-Pacific consensus on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal disorders: an initiative of the Indian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2022, 41:483-507. 10.1007\/s12664-022-01292-x","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2960-y","article-title":"The impact of alcohol consumption and cholecystectomy on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth","volume":"59","author":"Gabbard SL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gabbard SL, Lacy BE, Levine GM, Crowell MD. The impact of alcohol consumption and cholecystectomy on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Dig Dis Sci. 2014, 59:638-44. 10.1007\/s10620-013-2960-y","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9898-2","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in cirrhosis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Maslennikov R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maslennikov R, Pavlov C, Ivashkin V. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in cirrhosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2018, 12:567-76. 10.1007\/s12072-018-9898-2","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"2","author":"Gerova VA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gerova VA, Nakov VN, Stoynov SG, Nakov RV. Prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol Res. 2013, 2:479-82.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264459","article-title":"Hydrogen-producing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is associated with hepatic encephalopathy and liver function","volume":"17","author":"Yokoyama K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yokoyama K, Sakamaki A, Takahashi K, et al.. Hydrogen-producing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is associated with hepatic encephalopathy and liver function. PLoS One. 2022, 17:e0264459. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0264459","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122739","article-title":"The injured liver induces hyperimmunoglobulinemia by failing to dispose of antigens and endotoxins in the portal system","volume":"10","author":"Liu WT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu WT, Jing YY, Han ZP, et al.. The injured liver induces hyperimmunoglobulinemia by failing to dispose of antigens and endotoxins in the portal system. PLoS One. 2015, 10:e0122739. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0122739","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02065533","article-title":"Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"40","author":"Morencos FC","year":"1995","unstructured":"Morencos FC, de las Heras Casta\u00f1o G, Mart\u00edn Ramos L, L\u00f3pez Arias MJ, Ledesma F, Pons Romero F. Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci. 1995, 40:1252-6. 10.1007\/BF02065533","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03994.x","article-title":"Small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth in cirrhosis is related to the severity of liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Pande C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pande C, Kumar A, Sarin SK. Small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth in cirrhosis is related to the severity of liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009, 29:1273-81. 10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03994.x","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.04668.x","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with cirrhosis: prevalence and relation with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"96","author":"Bauer TM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bauer TM, Steinbr\u00fcckner B, Brinkmann FE, et al.. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with cirrhosis: prevalence and relation with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001, 96:2962-7.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520150218110","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth versus antimicrobial capacity in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"36","author":"Chang CS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chang CS, Yang SS, Kao CH, Yeh HZ, Chen GH. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth versus antimicrobial capacity in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001, 36:92-6.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000122","article-title":"Breath tests in the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in comparison with quantitative upper gut aspirate culture","volume":"26","author":"Ghoshal UC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghoshal UC, Srivastava D, Ghoshal U, Misra A. Breath tests in the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in comparison with quantitative upper gut aspirate culture. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014, 26:753-60. 10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000122","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12516","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: duodenal aspiration vs glucose breath test","volume":"27","author":"Erdogan A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Erdogan A, Rao SS, Gulley D, Jacobs C, Lee YY, Badger C. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: duodenal aspiration vs glucose breath test. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015, 27:481-9. 10.1111\/nmo.12516","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/374470-small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth-in-patients-with-severe-alcoholic-hepatitis-frequency-and-predictors","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T16:50:18Z","timestamp":1749315018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/374470-small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth-in-patients-with-severe-alcoholic-hepatitis-frequency-and-predictors"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.85516","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]}}}