{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T12:40:05Z","timestamp":1749991205351,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.86051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T12:16:41Z","timestamp":1749989801000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical, Epidemiological, and Dermoscopic Features of Different Clinical Variants of Cutaneous Lichen Planus in the Indian Population: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ashna","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Chugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.737813","article-title":"Lichen planus","volume":"8","author":"Boch K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boch K, Langan EA, Kridin K, Zillikens D, Ludwig RJ, Bieber K. Lichen planus. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021, 8:737813. 10.3389\/fmed.2021.737813","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/742826","article-title":"Cutaneous and mucosal lichen planus: a comprehensive review of clinical subtypes, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis","volume":"2014","author":"Gorouhi F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gorouhi F, Davari P, Fazel N. Cutaneous and mucosal lichen planus: a comprehensive review of clinical subtypes, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014, 2014:742826. 10.1155\/2014\/742826","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/Pigmentinternational.Pigmentinternational_15_20","article-title":"A cross-sectional observational study of clinicodermatoscopic features in cutaneous lichen planus in Indian skin","volume":"8","author":"Tatawati AS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tatawati AS, Doshi BR, Manjunathswamy BS. A cross-sectional observational study of clinicodermatoscopic features in cutaneous lichen planus in Indian skin. Pigment Int. 2021, 8:100-8.","journal-title":"Pigment Int"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_27_18","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with lichen planus: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care center","volume":"9","author":"Hashba H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hashba H, Bifi J, Thyvalappil A, Sridharan R, Sreenivasan A, Mathew P. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with lichen planus: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care center. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2018, 9:304-8. 10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_27_18","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Oral lichen planus","volume":"32","author":"Giannetti L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giannetti L, Dello Diago AM, Spinas E. Oral lichen planus. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018, 32:391-5.","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555571242244","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of lichen planus","volume":"71","author":"Irvine C","year":"1991","unstructured":"Irvine C, Irvine F, Champion RH. Long-term follow-up of lichen planus. Acta Derm Venereol. 1991, 71:242-4. 10.2340\/0001555571242244","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1996.tb03026.x","article-title":"Detection of T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets in lichen planus: in situ and in peripheral blood","volume":"35","author":"al-Fouzan AS","year":"1996","unstructured":"al-Fouzan AS, Habib MA, Sallam TH, el-Samahy MH, Rostom AI. Detection of T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets in lichen planus: in situ and in peripheral blood. Int J Dermatol. 1996, 35:426-9. 10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1996.tb03026.x","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb00821.x","article-title":"HL-A antigens in lichen planus","volume":"95","author":"Lowe NJ","year":"1976","unstructured":"Lowe NJ, Cudworth AG, Woodrow JC. HL-A antigens in lichen planus. Br J Dermatol. 1976, 95:169-71. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb00821.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555559205209","article-title":"HLA antigens in patients with lichen planus","volume":"59","author":"Veien NK","year":"1979","unstructured":"Veien NK, Risum G, J\u00f8rgensen HP, Svejgard A. HLA antigens in patients with lichen planus.  Acta Derm Venereol. 1979, 59:205-9.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02852.x","article-title":"An association between HLA DRI and lichen planus","volume":"114","author":"Powell FC","year":"1986","unstructured":"Powell FC, Rogers RS, Dickson ER, Moore SB. An association between HLA DRI and lichen planus. Br J Dermatol. 1986, 114:473-8. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02852.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"HLA-DR and DQ antigens in lichen planus","volume":"68","author":"Valsecchi R","year":"1988","unstructured":"Valsecchi R, Bontempelli M, Rossi A, Bellavita P, Barcella A, Di Landro A, Cainelli T. HLA-DR and DQ antigens in lichen planus. Acta Derm Venereol. 1988, 68:77-80.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.119.4.292","article-title":"Familial lichen planus. A report of nine cases from four families with a brief review of the literature","volume":"119","author":"Mahood JM","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mahood JM. Familial lichen planus. A report of nine cases from four families with a brief review of the literature. Arch Dermatol. 1983, 119:292-4. 10.1001\/archderm.119.4.292","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(85)70142-9","article-title":"Familial lichen planus","volume":"13","author":"Kofoed ML","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kofoed ML, Wantzin GL. Familial lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985, 13:50-4. 10.1016\/s0190-9622(85)70142-9","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.0504a13","article-title":"Dermoscopic findings in different clinical variants of lichen planus. Is dermoscopy useful?","volume":"5","author":"Friedman P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Friedman P, Sabban EC, Marcucci C, Peralta R, Cabo H. Dermoscopic findings in different clinical variants of lichen planus. Is dermoscopy useful?. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2015, 5:51-5. 10.5826\/dpc.0504a13","journal-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.278","article-title":"Dermoscopy for discriminating between lichenoid sarcoidosis and lichen planus","volume":"147","author":"Vazquez-Lopez F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vazquez-Lopez F, Palacios-Garcia L, Gomez-Diez S, Argenziano G. Dermoscopy for discriminating between lichenoid sarcoidosis and lichen planus. Arch Dermatol. 2011, 147:1130. 10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.278","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2013.06.008","article-title":"Dermoscopy in general dermatology","volume":"31","author":"Lallas A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lallas A, Zalaudek I, Argenziano G, et al.. Dermoscopy in general dermatology. Dermatol Clin. 2013, 31:679-94, x. 10.1016\/j.det.2013.06.008","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Lichen planus","author":"Daoud MS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daoud MS, Pittellkow MR. Lichen planus. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K (ed): McGraw-Hill, New York; 2012."},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","author":"Neville BW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi AC. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri; 2016."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1961.01580140005001","article-title":"The variations and course of lichen planus","volume":"84","author":"Altman J","year":"1961","unstructured":"Altman J, Perry HO. The variations and course of lichen planus. Arch Dermatol. 1961, 84:179-91. 10.1001\/archderm.1961.01580140005001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Lichen planus: an appraisal of 147 cases","volume":"40","author":"Sehgal VN","year":"1974","unstructured":"Sehgal VN, Rege VL. Lichen planus: an appraisal of 147 cases. Ind J Dermatol Venereol. 1974, 40:104-7.","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02232.x","article-title":"Lichen planus: a clinical and epidemiological study","volume":"27","author":"Bhattacharya M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bhattacharya M, Kaur I, Kumar B. Lichen planus: a clinical and epidemiological study. J Dermatol. 2000, 27:576-82. 10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02232.x","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70241-s","article-title":"Lichen planus","volume":"25","author":"Boyd AS","year":"1991","unstructured":"Boyd AS, Neldner KH. Lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991, 25:593-619. 10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70241-s","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00200535","article-title":"Induction and control of lichenoid tissue reactions","volume":"13","author":"Shiohara T","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shiohara T, Moriya N, Nagashima M. Induction and control of lichenoid tissue reactions. Springer Semin Immunopathol. 1992, 13:369-85. 10.1007\/BF00200535","journal-title":"Springer Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D30b91t45n","article-title":"A clinical and epidemiological study of lichen planus among Egyptians of Al-Minya province","volume":"11","author":"Anbar TE","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anbar TE, Barakat M, Ghannam SF. A clinical and epidemiological study of lichen planus among Egyptians of Al-Minya province. Dermatol Online J. 2005, 11:4. 10.5070\/D30b91t45n","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1976.tb00175.x","article-title":"Lichen planus in India: an appraisal of 441 cases","volume":"15","author":"Singh OP","year":"1976","unstructured":"Singh OP, Kanwar AJ. Lichen planus in India: an appraisal of 441 cases. Int J Dermatol. 1976, 15:752-6. 10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1976.tb00175.x","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9554.10000308","article-title":"Study of the dermoscopic findings and their correlation with histopathological findings in various lichenoid dermatoses","volume":"6","author":"Garg P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garg P, Kaur T, Malhotra SK, Singh A. Study of the dermoscopic findings and their correlation with histopathological findings in various lichenoid dermatoses. J Clin Exp Dermatol Res. 2015, 6:1-8. 10.4172\/2155-9554.10000308","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dermatol Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.8.1092","article-title":"Dermoscopy of active lichen planus","volume":"143","author":"V\u00e1zquez-L\u00f3pez F","year":"2007","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-L\u00f3pez F, G\u00f3mez-D\u00edez S, S\u00e1nchez J, P\u00e9rez-Oliva N. Dermoscopy of active lichen planus. Arch Dermatol. 2007, 143:1092. 10.1001\/archderm.143.8.1092","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.0502a06","article-title":"Dermoscopic patterns in active and regressive lichen planus and lichen planus variants: a morphological study","volume":"5","author":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r \u015e","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r \u015e, Topal IO, G\u00f6nc\u00fc EK. Dermoscopic patterns in active and regressive lichen planus and lichen planus variants: a morphological study. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2015, 5:45-53. 10.5826\/dpc.0502a06","journal-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12031","article-title":"Clinical variants of lichen planus","volume":"11","author":"Wagner G","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wagner G, Rose C, Sachse MM. Clinical variants of lichen planus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2013, 11:309-19. 10.1111\/ddg.12031","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000071785","article-title":"Dermoscopic features of plaque psoriasis and lichen planus: new observations","volume":"207","author":"V\u00e1zquez-L\u00f3pez F","year":"2003","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-L\u00f3pez F, Manj\u00f3n-Haces JA, Maldonado-Seral C, Raya-Aguado C, P\u00e9rez-Oliva N, Marghoob AA. Dermoscopic features of plaque psoriasis and lichen planus: new observations. Dermatology. 2003, 207:151-6. 10.1159\/000071785","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssdds.2013.12.003","article-title":"A clinicopathological study of cutaneous lichen planus","volume":"19","author":"Parihar A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parihar A, Sharma S, Bhattacharya SN, Singh UR. A clinicopathological study of cutaneous lichen planus. J Dermatol Dermatologic Surg. 2015, 19:21-6. 10.1016\/j.jssdds.2013.12.003","journal-title":"J Dermatol Dermatologic Surg"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/346306-clinical-epidemiological-and-dermoscopic-features-of-different-clinical-variants-of-cutaneous-lichen-planus-in-the-indian-population-a-prospective-observational-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T12:16:42Z","timestamp":1749989802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/346306-clinical-epidemiological-and-dermoscopic-features-of-different-clinical-variants-of-cutaneous-lichen-planus-in-the-indian-population-a-prospective-observational-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.86051","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]}}}