{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T14:10:09Z","timestamp":1752070209787,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.87599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T13:37:25Z","timestamp":1752068245000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Study of an Atypical Presentation of a Large Undiagnosed Empyema in the Setting of Hyperglycemia"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Cameron","family":"Bear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasif","family":"Hafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed S","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Thoracic empyema","author":"Iguina MM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iguina MM, Sharma S, Danckers M. Thoracic empyema. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2025."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.01.030","article-title":"The American Association for Thoracic Surgery consensus guidelines for the management of empyema","volume":"153","author":"Shen KR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shen KR, Bribriesco A, Crabtree T, et al.. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery consensus guidelines for the management of empyema. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017, 153:e129-46. 10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.01.030","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Bacteriological profile in cases of empyema, paraneumonic effusion and to study the antibiotic sensitivity pattern","volume":"7","author":"Samatha Rani G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samatha Rani G, Ramesh Kumar K, Shashikala Reddy P,  Lakshmi Prasanna Vaishnavi K. Bacteriological profile in cases of empyema, paraneumonic effusion and to study the antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Sch J App Med Sci. 2019, 7:4147-50.","journal-title":"Sch J App Med Sci"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Frequency of microorganisms in patients of empyema thoracis, developing as a complication of community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"8","author":"Bashir I","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bashir I, Irfan S, Mehmood A. Frequency of microorganisms in patients of empyema thoracis, developing as a complication of community-acquired pneumonia. Pakistan Journal of Medical &amp; Health Sciences. 2014, 8:386-9.","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10112638","article-title":"Pleural disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Light RW","year":"1997","unstructured":"Light RW, Hamm H. Pleural disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Eur Respir J. 1997, 10:2638-43. 10.1183\/09031936.97.10112638","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53371.x","article-title":"Community-acquired thoracic empyema in older people","volume":"53","author":"Tsai TH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tsai TH, Jerng JS, Chen KY, Yu CJ, Yang PC. Community-acquired thoracic empyema in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005, 53:1203-9. 10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53371.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00004511","article-title":"Computed tomography measurements of parapneumonic effusion indicative of thoracentesis","volume":"38","author":"Moffett BK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moffett BK, Panchabhai TS, Anaya E, et al.. Computed tomography measurements of parapneumonic effusion indicative of thoracentesis. Eur Respir J. 2011, 38:1406-11. 10.1183\/09031936.00004511","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jor4020010","article-title":"Management of pleural infection: a historical review and updates","volume":"4","author":"Presti T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Presti T, Asghar A, Ravikumar N. Management of pleural infection: a historical review and updates. J Respir. 2024, 4:112-27. 10.3390\/jor4020010","journal-title":"J Respir"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpsur.2017.02.003","article-title":"Empyema thoracis","volume":"35","author":"McCormack DJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCormack DJ, Anderson JR. Empyema thoracis. Surgery (Oxf). 2017, 35:243-6. 10.1016\/j.mpsur.2017.02.003","journal-title":"Surgery (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0377","article-title":"Pleural effusion in adults\u2014etiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"116","author":"Jany B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jany B, Welte T. Pleural effusion in adults\u2014etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019, 116:377-86. 10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0377","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(92)90224-7","article-title":"Monthly prostaglandin bibliography prepared by Sheffield University Biomedical Information Service","volume":"46","year":"1992","unstructured":"Monthly prostaglandin bibliography prepared by Sheffield University Biomedical Information Service. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1992, 46.B16-28. 10.1016\/0952-3278(92)90224-7","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0001-706x(00)00139-x","article-title":"Melioidosis research in China","volume":"77","author":"Yang S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yang S. Melioidosis research in China. Acta Trop. 2000, 77:157-65. 10.1016\/s0001-706x(00)00139-x","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.5.1162","article-title":"Empyema thoracis. Factors influencing morbidity and mortality","volume":"99","author":"Ashbaugh DG","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ashbaugh DG. Empyema thoracis. Factors influencing morbidity and mortality. Chest. 1991, 99:1162-5. 10.1378\/chest.99.5.1162","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053169","article-title":"Clinical importance of angiogenic cytokines, fibrinolytic activity and effusion size in parapneumonic effusions","volume":"8","author":"Chung CL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chung CL, Hsiao SH, Hsiao G, Sheu JR, Chen WL, Chang SC. Clinical importance of angiogenic cytokines, fibrinolytic activity and effusion size in parapneumonic effusions. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e53169. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0053169","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2016.06.008","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial empyema in a non cirrhotic end stage renal disease patient with immunosuppression","volume":"19","author":"Lourdusamy D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lourdusamy D, Munshi LB, Eltawansy SA. Spontaneous bacterial empyema in a non cirrhotic end stage renal disease patient with immunosuppression. Respir Med Case Rep. 2016, 19:34-6. 10.1016\/j.rmcr.2016.06.008","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13706","article-title":"The alterations of innate immunity and enhanced severity of infections in diabetes mellitus","volume":"171","author":"Zhou Z","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Wang H, Tan S, Zhang H, Zhu Y. The alterations of innate immunity and enhanced severity of infections in diabetes mellitus. Immunology. 2024, 171:313-23. 10.1111\/imm.13706","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02348.x","article-title":"Effect of acute hyperglycaemia and\/or hyperinsulinaemia on proinflammatory gene expression, cytokine production and neutrophil function in humans","volume":"25","author":"Stegenga ME","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stegenga ME, van der Crabben SN, Dessing MC, et al.. Effect of acute hyperglycaemia and\/or hyperinsulinaemia on proinflammatory gene expression, cytokine production and neutrophil function in humans. Diabet Med. 2008, 25:157-64. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02348.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220204","article-title":"Effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing community acquired pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Baskaran V","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baskaran V, Murray RL, Hunter A, Lim WS, McKeever TM. Effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing community acquired pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019, 14:e0220204. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0220204","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00826","article-title":"From normal flora to brain abscesses: a review of Streptococcus intermedius","volume":"11","author":"Issa E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Issa E, Salloum T, Tokajian S. From normal flora to brain abscesses: a review of Streptococcus intermedius. Front Microbiol. 2020, 11:826. 10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00826","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12890\/2020_001631","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum empyema: An atypical presentation","volume":"7","author":"Barrera-L\u00f3pez L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barrera-L\u00f3pez L, Mac\u00eda-Rodr\u00edguez C, Ferreiro-Fern\u00e1ndez L, D\u00edaz-Peromingo JA. Fusobacterium nucleatum empyema: An atypical presentation. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020, 7:001631. 10.12890\/2020_001631","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/347939-case-study-of-an-atypical-presentation-of-a-large-undiagnosed-empyema-in-the-setting-of-hyperglycemia","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T13:37:26Z","timestamp":1752068246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/347939-case-study-of-an-atypical-presentation-of-a-large-undiagnosed-empyema-in-the-setting-of-hyperglycemia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.87599","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]}}}