{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T23:13:10Z","timestamp":1781737990435,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.88488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T08:20:01Z","timestamp":1753172401000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Africa: A Systematic Review of Associated Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Chibuike F","family":"Obi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collins C","family":"Okeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusta U","family":"Onyema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulahi","family":"Zubair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivangi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chimaobi O","family":"Nwevo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faramoluwa E","family":"Akinyanmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel O","family":"Okwor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nzubechukwu S","family":"Ozokwelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temitope","family":"Akinnuoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015127","article-title":"Percutaneous coronary intervention patients' and cardiologists' experiences of the informed consent process in Northern England: A qualitative study","volume":"7","author":"Probyn J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Probyn J, Greenhalgh J, Holt J, Conway D, Astin F. Percutaneous coronary intervention patients' and cardiologists' experiences of the informed consent process in Northern England: A qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2017, 7:e015127. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015127","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Percutaneous Coronary Intervention","author":"Ahmad M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmad M, Mehta P, Reddivari AKR, Mungee S. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. StatPearls [Internet], Treasure Island, FL; 2025."},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Coronary Artery Disease","author":"Shahjehan RD","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shahjehan RD, Sharma S, Bhutta BS. Coronary Artery Disease. StatPearls [Internet], Treasure Island, FL; 2025."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03773-7","article-title":"Angiographic characteristics of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania","volume":"24","author":"Meda JR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meda JR, Kusima HL, Magitta NF. Angiographic characteristics of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024, 24:125. 10.1186\/s12872-024-03773-7","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1008335","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward","volume":"9","author":"Minja NW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Minja NW, Nakagaayi D, Aliku T, et al.. Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022, 9:1008335. 10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1008335","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. (2025). Accessed. 25 May, 2025:  http:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-compare."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000924","article-title":"Assessing the condition of percutaneous coronary intervention services in Africa: Callenges and prospects for advancement - a review","volume":"85","author":"Aderinto N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aderinto N, Olatunji D. Assessing the condition of percutaneous coronary intervention services in Africa: Callenges and prospects for advancement - a review. Ann Med Surg. 2023, 85:2814-20. 10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000924","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.021107","article-title":"Acute coronary syndromes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A 10-year systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Yao H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao H, Ekou A, Niamkey T, et al.. Acute coronary syndromes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A 10-year systematic review. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022, 11:e021107. 10.1161\/JAHA.120.021107","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Our World in Data. Number of hospitals with cardiovascular units per million people. (2021). Accessed: May 25, 2025: https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/number-of-hospitals-with-cardiovascular-units-per-million-people?time=2021&amp;country...."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2015.12.005","article-title":"Optimizing the management of acute coronary syndromes in sub-Saharan Africa: A statement from the AFRICARDIO 2015 Consensus Team","volume":"109","author":"Kakou-Guikahue M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kakou-Guikahue M, N'Guetta R, Anzouan-Kacou JB, et al.. Optimizing the management of acute coronary syndromes in sub-Saharan Africa: A statement from the AFRICARDIO 2015 Consensus Team. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2016, 109:376-83. 10.1016\/j.acvd.2015.12.005","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1197","article-title":"Advancing the cardiovascular workforce in Africa to tackle the epidemic of cardiovascular disease: The time is now","volume":"18","author":"Ahadzi D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahadzi D, Gaye B, Commodore-Mensah Y. Advancing the cardiovascular workforce in Africa to tackle the epidemic of cardiovascular disease: The time is now. Glob Heart. 2023, 18:10.5334\/gh.1197","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV14I16A281","article-title":"Cardiovascular interventions in North Africa: challenges, opportunities and future perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Gamra H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gamra H. Cardiovascular interventions in North Africa: challenges, opportunities and future perspectives. EuroIntervention. 2019, 14:1635-7. 10.4244\/EIJV14I16A281","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rayyan | Overview. (2025). Accessed. June 9, 2025: https:\/\/new.rayyan.ai\/reviews\/1327121\/overview.","DOI":"10.5339\/jist.2025.15"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-008-0735-9","article-title":"TIMI 3 flow after primary angioplasty is an important predictor for outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"98","author":"Kammler J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kammler J, Kypta A, Hofmann R, et al.. TIMI 3 flow after primary angioplasty is an important predictor for outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Res Cardiol. 2008, 98:165-70. 10.1007\/s00392-008-0735-9","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV9I2A37","article-title":"Predictors of suboptimal TIMI flow after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: Results from the HORIZONS-AMI trial","volume":"9","author":"Caixeta A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caixeta A, Lansky AJ, Mehran R, et al.. Predictors of suboptimal TIMI flow after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: Results from the HORIZONS-AMI trial. EuroIntervention. 2013, 9:220-7. 10.4244\/EIJV9I2A37","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Checklist for Cohort Studies. (2020). Accessed. Jun 23, 2025: https:\/\/jbi.global\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-08\/Checklist_for_Cohort_Studies.pdf."},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. (2020). Accessed. May 25, 2025: https:\/\/jbi.global\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-08\/Checklist_for_Analytical_Cross_Sectional_Studies.pdf."},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Checklist for randomized controlled trials. (2020). Accessed. Jun 23, 2025: https:\/\/jbi.global\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-08\/Checklist_for_RCTs.pdf."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2024.366546","article-title":"Risk factors of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventions: An observational study","volume":"96","author":"Abdo AA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdo AA, Khalaf HA. Risk factors of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventions: An observational study. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2024, 96:2500-6. 10.21608\/ejhm.2024.366546","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2024.339914","article-title":"Association of mean platelet volume with angiographic thrombus burden and short-term outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"94","author":"Araquib AK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Araquib AK, Suwailem SM, Elhammady WA, et al.. Association of mean platelet volume with angiographic thrombus burden and short-term outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2024, 94:529-39. 10.21608\/ejhm.2024.339914","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2021.209053","article-title":"Microalbuminuria as a predictor of outcome in non-diabetic patients undergo percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Khalil AO","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khalil AO, Frere AE, El-Samei MM, et al.. Microalbuminuria as a predictor of outcome in non-diabetic patients undergo percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2021, 85:4284-9. 10.21608\/ejhm.2021.209053","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2008.04.006","article-title":"Total absence of ST-segment resolution after failed thrombolysis is correlated with unfavorable short- and long-term outcomes despite successful rescue angioplasty","volume":"42","author":"Rekik S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rekik S, Mnif S, Sahnoun M, et al.. Total absence of ST-segment resolution after failed thrombolysis is correlated with unfavorable short- and long-term outcomes despite successful rescue angioplasty. J Electrocardiol. 2009, 42:73-8. 10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2008.04.006","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2014.12.006","article-title":"Short term follow-up of culprit only revascularization versus total revascularization in primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel disease","volume":"51","author":"Salem M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salem M, Galal A, Ramzy A, Biomay R, Zaki M. Short term follow-up of culprit only revascularization versus total revascularization in primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel disease. Alex J Med. 2015, 51:353-8. 10.1016\/j.ajme.2014.12.006","journal-title":"Alex J Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ZUMJ.2022.152648.2609","article-title":"In-hospital outcomes of primary PCI among elderly relevant to obesity- tertiary center experience","volume":"30","author":"Shalaby G","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shalaby G, Niazi AK, Khaled S. In-hospital outcomes of primary PCI among elderly relevant to obesity- tertiary center experience. Zagazig Univ Med J. 2024, 30:326-34. 10.21608\/ZUMJ.2022.152648.2609","journal-title":"Zagazig Univ Med J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v32i3.9","article-title":"Factors associated with the extent of coronary artery disease and the attained outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention at Gesund Cardiac and Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"32","author":"Shashu BA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shashu BA, Baru A. Factors associated with the extent of coronary artery disease and the attained outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention at Gesund Cardiac and Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2022, 32:539-48. 10.4314\/ejhs.v32i3.9","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV8SPA19","article-title":"Stent for life initiative placed at the forefront in Egypt 2011","volume":"8","author":"Sobhy M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sobhy M, Sadaka M, Okasha N, et al.. Stent for life initiative placed at the forefront in Egypt 2011. EuroIntervention. 2012, 8:P108-15. 10.4244\/EIJV8SPA19","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-11-1041","article-title":"Bare metal stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Zghal FM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zghal FM, Amri A, Mourali MS, Farhati A, Larbi N, Mechm\u00e8che R. Bare metal stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Circ J. 2012, 76:634-40. 10.1253\/circj.cj-11-1041","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01784-8","article-title":"The safety of Ramadan Fasting following percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"20","author":"Amin OA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amin OA, Alaarag A. The safety of Ramadan Fasting following percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020, 20:489. 10.1186\/s12872-020-01784-8","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-023-00330-z","article-title":"A retrospective study from a single center to compare outcomes in 79 patients with in-stent restenosis treated with paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty or drug-eluting stent implantation","volume":"75","author":"Ben Abdessalem MA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ben Abdessalem MA, Ghariani A, Romdhane AF, et al.. A retrospective study from a single center to compare outcomes in 79 patients with in-stent restenosis treated with paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty or drug-eluting stent implantation. Egypt Heart J. 2023, 75:8. 10.1186\/s43044-023-00330-z","journal-title":"Egypt Heart J"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-09-0859","article-title":"STELLIUM 1: First-in-man follow-up evaluation of bioabsorbable polymer-coated paclitaxel-eluting stent","volume":"74","author":"Kozuki A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kozuki A, Shite J, Shinke T, et al.. STELLIUM 1: First-in-man follow-up evaluation of bioabsorbable polymer-coated paclitaxel-eluting stent. Circ J. 2010, 74:2089-96. 10.1253\/circj.cj-09-0859","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/wjcd.2018.812053","article-title":"Coronary angioplasty in a low income Sub-Saharan country: Situational analysis","volume":"8","author":"Mboup MC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mboup MC, Ba DM, Jobe M, et al.. Coronary angioplasty in a low income Sub-Saharan country: Situational analysis. World Journal. 2018, 8:539. 10.4236\/wjcd.2018.812053","journal-title":"World Journal"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-022-00281-x","article-title":"Outcomes and prognostic factors of patients treated for in-stent restenosis: A retrospective single-center experience","volume":"74","author":"Ghariani A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghariani A, Ben Abdessalem MA, Cheikh Sideya K, et al.. Outcomes and prognostic factors of patients treated for in-stent restenosis: A retrospective single-center experience. Egypt Heart J. 2022, 74:42. 10.1186\/s43044-022-00281-x","journal-title":"Egypt Heart J"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1383","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: An observational cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Hassan A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hassan A, Emam AY, Thabet M, Osman A, Shams KA, Labib MS, Elguindy A. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: An observational cohort study. Glob Heart. 2024, 19:99. 10.5334\/gh.1383","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S448750","article-title":"Door-to-balloon time and mortality among patients undergoing primary PCI, challenges and experience from Somalia's largest PCI center","volume":"17","author":"Hassan MO","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hassan MO, Ahmed SA, Hassan MS, K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc D. Door-to-balloon time and mortality among patients undergoing primary PCI, challenges and experience from Somalia's largest PCI center. Int J Gen Med. 2024, 17:237-44. 10.2147\/IJGM.S448750","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164119883983","article-title":"Incidence, predictors and outcomes of stress hyperglycemia in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"17","author":"Khalfallah M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khalfallah M, Abdelmageed R, Elgendy E, Hafez YM. Incidence, predictors and outcomes of stress hyperglycemia in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2020, 17:10.1177\/1479164119883983","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10080348","article-title":"In-hospital mortality outcomes of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary academic hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Ndaba L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ndaba L, Mutyaba A, Mpanya D, Tsabedze N. In-hospital mortality outcomes of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary academic hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2023, 10:348. 10.3390\/jcdd10080348","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2020.12.008","article-title":"Novel predictors and adverse long-term outcomes of No-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"73","author":"Refaat H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Refaat H, Tantawy A, Gamal AS, Radwan H. Novel predictors and adverse long-term outcomes of No-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Indian Heart J. 2021, 73:35-43. 10.1016\/j.ihj.2020.12.008","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-023-00113-4","article-title":"CYP2C19 polymorphism in ischemic heart disease patients taking clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention in Egypt","volume":"13","author":"Shawky A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shawky A, Sabit H, Nazih M, Baraka K, El-Zawahry M. CYP2C19 polymorphism in ischemic heart disease patients taking clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention in Egypt. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2023, 13:374-83. 10.1007\/s44197-023-00113-4","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-14-8","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of stand-alone percutaneous coronary intervention in a Nigerian cardiac catheterization laboratory","volume":"14","author":"Johnson A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson A, Falase B, Ajose I, Onabowale Y. A cross-sectional study of stand-alone percutaneous coronary intervention in a Nigerian cardiac catheterization laboratory. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014, 14:8. 10.1186\/1471-2261-14-8","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2020-012","article-title":"Primary PCI in the management of STEMI in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from Abidjan Heart Institute catheterisation laboratory","volume":"31","author":"Ekou A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ekou A, Yao H, Kouam\u00e9 I, Boni RY, Ehouman E, N'Guetta R. Primary PCI in the management of STEMI in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from Abidjan Heart Institute catheterisation laboratory. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2020, 31:201-4. 10.5830\/CVJA-2020-012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36219","article-title":"Prevalence & factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention at a tertiary healthcare facility in Tanzania","volume":"15","author":"Hooda F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hooda F, Kassam N, Somji S, Makakala M, Noorani M, Bakshi F, Mvungi R. Prevalence &amp; factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention at a tertiary healthcare facility in Tanzania. Cureus. 2023, 15:e36219. 10.7759\/cureus.36219","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2024.347520","article-title":"Rationale of anticoagulation prolongation versus no anticoagulation after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"94","author":"Ali MM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali MM, Ahmed MAAS. Rationale of anticoagulation prolongation versus no anticoagulation after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2024, 94:1191-8. 10.21608\/ejhm.2024.347520","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2022.215567","article-title":"Effect of intracoronary glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitor and manual aspiration thrombectomy on primary percutaneous coronary intervention outcome in high thrombus burden patients","volume":"86","author":"Al-Shaer MH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Shaer MH, Metwally YG, Mohammed MA, Ibsaekri AF. Effect of intracoronary glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitor and manual aspiration thrombectomy on primary percutaneous coronary intervention outcome in high thrombus burden patients. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2022, 86:681-8. 10.21608\/ejhm.2022.215567","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/zumj.2021.78875.2251","article-title":"Outcome of immediate versus delayed stenting in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with high thrombus burden","volume":"30","author":"Mohamed-Ghazal K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohamed-Ghazal K, Hussein E, Mohammad M, Hozien WR. Outcome of immediate versus delayed stenting in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with high thrombus burden. Zagazig Univ Med J. 2024, 30:350-7. 10.21608\/zumj.2021.78875.2251","journal-title":"Zagazig Univ Med J"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12108","article-title":"Impact of high loading dose of atorvastatin in diabetic patients with renal dysfunction undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Shehata M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shehata M, Hamza M. Impact of high loading dose of atorvastatin in diabetic patients with renal dysfunction undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized controlled trial. Cardiovasc Ther. 2015, 33:35-41. 10.1111\/1755-5922.12108","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14503\/THIJ-14-4891","article-title":"Intensive statin therapy in NSTE-ACS patients undergoing PCI: Clinical and biochemical effects","volume":"42","author":"Shehata M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shehata M, Fayez G, Nassar A. Intensive statin therapy in NSTE-ACS patients undergoing PCI: Clinical and biochemical effects. Tex Heart Inst J. 2015, 42:528-36. 10.14503\/THIJ-14-4891","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2021.191657","article-title":"Efficacy of distal intracoronary epinephrine and glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in the treatment of no-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention; a pilot project","volume":"85","author":"Tantawy M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tantawy M, Elbarbary A, Tamara A, Selim G. Efficacy of distal intracoronary epinephrine and glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in the treatment of no-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention; a pilot project. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2021, 85:2951-5. 10.21608\/ejhm.2021.191657","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2024.372543","article-title":"Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Imam SS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Imam SS, Mahmoud ESAEK, Salah AS, Elmelegy NA. Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2024, 96:2741-7. 10.21608\/ejhm.2024.372543","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2024.352949","article-title":"Fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as compared with coronary bypass surgery in patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease","volume":"95","author":"Nammour AY","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nammour AY, Elrabbat KE, Elsheshtawy AR, et al.. Fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as compared with coronary bypass surgery in patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2024, 95:1714-21. 10.21608\/ejhm.2024.352949","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-023-01605-x","article-title":"Cardiovascular health priorities in sub-saharan Africa","volume":"5","author":"Obonyo NG","year":"2023","unstructured":"Obonyo NG, Etyang AO. Cardiovascular health priorities in sub-saharan Africa. SN Compr Clin Med. 2023, 5:262. 10.1007\/s42399-023-01605-x","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.403","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa compared to high-income countries: An epidemiological perspective","volume":"15","author":"Yuyun MF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuyun MF, Sliwa K, Kengne AP, Mocumbi AO, Bukhman G. Cardiovascular diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa compared to high-income countries: An epidemiological perspective. Glob Heart. 2020, 15:10.5334\/gh.403","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2011-042","article-title":"A systematic overview of prospective cohort studies of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"23","author":"Kengne AP","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kengne AP, Ntyintyane LM, Mayosi BM. A systematic overview of prospective cohort studies of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2012, 23:103-12. 10.5830\/CVJA-2011-042","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420301","article-title":"Effects of an angiotensin-converting-Enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients","volume":"342","author":"Yusuf S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-Enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000, 342:145-53. 10.1056\/NEJM200001203420301","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.563452","article-title":"Risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in Africa: the INTERHEART Africa study","volume":"112","author":"Steyn K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Steyn K, Sliwa K, Hawken S, et al.. Risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in Africa: the INTERHEART Africa study. Circulation. 2005, 112:3554-61. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.563452","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004046","article-title":"The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: The Global Burden of Disease 2010 study","volume":"129","author":"Moran AE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA, et al.. The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: The Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation. 2014, 129:1493-501. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004046","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04394","article-title":"Burden of undiagnosed hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Ataklte F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ataklte F, Erqou S, Kaptoge S, Taye B, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Kengne AP. Burden of undiagnosed hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2015, 65:291-8. 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04394","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60404-2","article-title":"Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial","volume":"377","author":"Jolly SS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jolly SS, Yusuf S, Cairns J, et al.. Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2011, 377:1409-20. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60404-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60292-6","article-title":"Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing invasive management: A randomised multicentre trial","volume":"385","author":"Valgimigli M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Valgimigli M, Gagnor A, Calabr\u00f3 P, et al.. Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing invasive management: A randomised multicentre trial. Lancet. 2015, 385:2465-76. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60292-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","article-title":"2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"39","author":"Ibanez B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, et al.. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018, 39:119-77. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102557","article-title":"Burden of cardiovascular disease in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"49","author":"Alhuneafat L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alhuneafat L, Ta'ani OA, Tarawneh T, et al.. Burden of cardiovascular disease in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024, 49:102557. 10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102557","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy394","article-title":"2018 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization","volume":"40","author":"Neumann FJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, et al.. 2018 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J. 2019, 40:87-165. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy394","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.01.069","article-title":"Relationship between infarct size and outcomes following primary PCI: Patient-level analysis from 10 randomized trials","volume":"67","author":"Stone GW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stone GW, Selker HP, Thiele H, et al.. Relationship between infarct size and outcomes following primary PCI: Patient-level analysis from 10 randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016, 67:1674-83. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.01.069","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.3081","article-title":"Management of acute coronary syndromes. Variations in practice and outcome; findings from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE)","volume":"23","author":"Fox KA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fox KA, Goodman SG, Klein W, Brieger D, Steg PG, Dabbous O, Avezum A. Management of acute coronary syndromes. Variations in practice and outcome; findings from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Eur Heart J. 2002, 23:1177-89. 10.1053\/euhj.2001.3081","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp530","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of newly diagnosed rheumatic heart disease in urban African adults: Insights from the heart of Soweto study","volume":"31","author":"Sliwa K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sliwa K, Carrington M, Mayosi BM, Zigiriadis E, Mvungi R, Stewart S. Incidence and characteristics of newly diagnosed rheumatic heart disease in urban African adults: Insights from the heart of Soweto study. Eur Heart J. 2010, 31:719-27. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp530","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15829\/1728-8800-2020-2739","article-title":"Secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease in Russia and Europe: Results from the Russian part of the EUROASPIRE V survey. (Article in Russian)","volume":"19","author":"Pogosova NV","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pogosova NV, Oganov RG, Boytsov SA, et al.. Secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease in Russia and Europe: Results from the Russian part of the EUROASPIRE V survey. (Article in Russian). Cardiovasc Ther Prevent. 2020, 19:2739. 10.15829\/1728-8800-2020-2739","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther Prevent"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/384468-percutaneous-coronary-intervention-in-africa-a-systematic-review-of-associated-outcomes","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T08:20:13Z","timestamp":1753172413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/384468-percutaneous-coronary-intervention-in-africa-a-systematic-review-of-associated-outcomes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"references-count":66,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.88488","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]}}}