{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:57:20Z","timestamp":1792789040936,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.89107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T08:03:13Z","timestamp":1753948993000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of the Glucocorticoid-Sparing Effect of Adding Methotrexate in Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A Single-Center Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Junya","family":"Kitai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi M","family":"Sada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Tsugihashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Hatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31825-1","article-title":"Polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"390","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay MA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay MA, Matteson EL, Casta\u00f1eda S. Polymyalgia rheumatica. Lancet. 2017, 390:1700-12. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31825-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05819-z","article-title":"Long-term glucocorticoid treatment and high relapse rate remain unresolved issues in the real-life management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Floris A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Floris A, Piga M, Chessa E, et al.. Long-term glucocorticoid treatment and high relapse rate remain unresolved issues in the real-life management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2022, 41:19-31. 10.1007\/s10067-021-05819-z","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110851","article-title":"Adverse events during longterm low-dose glucocorticoid treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a retrospective study","volume":"39","author":"Mazzantini M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mazzantini M, Torre C, Miccoli M, Baggiani A, Talarico R, Bombardieri S, Di Munno O. Adverse events during longterm low-dose glucocorticoid treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a retrospective study. J Rheumatol. 2012, 39:552-7. 10.3899\/jrheum.110851","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39333","article-title":"2015 recommendations for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative","volume":"67","author":"Dejaco C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Singh YP, Perel P, et al.. 2015 recommendations for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015, 67:2569-80. 10.1002\/art.39333","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-7-200410050-00005","article-title":"Prednisone plus methotrexate for polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"141","author":"Caporali R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Caporali R, Cimmino MA, Ferraccioli G, Gerli R, Klersy C, Salvarani C, Montecucco C. Prednisone plus methotrexate for polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004, 141:493-500. 10.7326\/0003-4819-141-7-200410050-00005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.4.218","article-title":"Can methotrexate be used as a steroid sparing agent in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis?","volume":"55","author":"van der Veen MJ","year":"1996","unstructured":"van der Veen MJ, Dinant HJ, van Booma-Frankfort C, van Albada-Kuipers GA, Bijlsma JW. Can methotrexate be used as a steroid sparing agent in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis?. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996, 55:218-23. 10.1136\/ard.55.4.218","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CP203901","article-title":"Methotrexate for treating polymyalgia rheumatica: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"59","author":"Song GG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song GG, Lee YH. Methotrexate for treating polymyalgia rheumatica: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021, 59:366-71. 10.5414\/CP203901","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04783-2","article-title":"Effect of add-on methotrexate in polymyalgia rheumatica patients flaring on glucocorticoids tapering: a retrospective study","volume":"41","author":"Marsman D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marsman D, Bolhuis T, Broeder ND, van den Hoogen F, den Broeder A, van der Maas A. Effect of add-on methotrexate in polymyalgia rheumatica patients flaring on glucocorticoids tapering: a retrospective study. Rheumatol Int. 2021, 41:611-6. 10.1007\/s00296-020-04783-2","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13460","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of the usefulness of a protocol with high-dose methotrexate in polymyalgia rheumatica: results of a single-center cohort of 100 patients","volume":"18","author":"Quartuccio L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quartuccio L, Gregoraci G, Isola M, De Vita S. Retrospective analysis of the usefulness of a protocol with high-dose methotrexate in polymyalgia rheumatica: results of a single-center cohort of 100 patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018, 18:1410-4. 10.1111\/ggi.13460","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14779","article-title":"Efficacy of methotrexate in polymyalgia rheumatica in routine rheumatology clinical care","volume":"50","author":"Ruediger C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruediger C, Nguyen L, Black R, Proudman S, Hill C. Efficacy of methotrexate in polymyalgia rheumatica in routine rheumatology clinical care. Intern Med J. 2020, 50:1067-72. 10.1111\/imj.14779","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm E","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ. 2007, 335:806-8. 10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133850","article-title":"Definition of remission and relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: data from a literature search compared with a Delphi-based expert consensus","volume":"70","author":"Dejaco C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dejaco C, Duftner C, Cimmino MA, et al.. Definition of remission and relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: data from a literature search compared with a Delphi-based expert consensus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011, 70:447-53. 10.1136\/ard.2010.133850","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180324","article-title":"Permanent discontinuation of glucocorticoids in polymyalgia rheumatica is uncommon but may be enhanced by amino bisphosphonates","volume":"46","author":"Giollo A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giollo A, Rossini M, Bettili F, et al.. Permanent discontinuation of glucocorticoids in polymyalgia rheumatica is uncommon but may be enhanced by amino bisphosphonates. J Rheumatol. 2019, 46:318-22. 10.3899\/jrheum.180324","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2580-4","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors for relapse in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)","volume":"33","author":"Lee JH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee JH, Choi ST, Kim JS, et al.. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors for relapse in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Rheumatol Int. 2013, 33:1475-80. 10.1007\/s00296-012-2580-4","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1351.030","article-title":"Is the course of steroid-treated polymyalgia rheumatica more severe in women?","volume":"1069","author":"Cimmino MA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cimmino MA, Parodi M, Caporali R, Montecucco C. Is the course of steroid-treated polymyalgia rheumatica more severe in women?. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006, 1069:315-21. 10.1196\/annals.1351.030","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmn044","article-title":"Polymyalgia rheumatica in primary care: a cohort study of the diagnostic criteria and outcome","volume":"25","author":"Barraclough K","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barraclough K, Liddell WG, du Toit J, Foy C, Dasgupta B, Thomas M, Hamilton W. Polymyalgia rheumatica in primary care: a cohort study of the diagnostic criteria and outcome. Fam Pract. 2008, 25:328-33. 10.1093\/fampra\/cmn044","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401115","article-title":"Effects of inflammation and treatment on bone turnover and bone mass in polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"40","author":"Dolan AL","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dolan AL, Moniz C, Dasgupta B, et al.. Effects of inflammation and treatment on bone turnover and bone mass in polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum. 1997, 40:2022-9. 10.1002\/art.1780401115","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2000.8366","article-title":"Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in the evaluation of disease activity and severity in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective follow-up study","volume":"30","author":"Cantini F","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cantini F, Salvarani C, Olivieri I, et al.. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in the evaluation of disease activity and severity in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective follow-up study. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2000, 30:17-24. 10.1053\/sarh.2000.8366","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20901","article-title":"Acute-phase reactants and the risk of relapse\/recurrence in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective followup study","volume":"53","author":"Salvarani C","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salvarani C, Cantini F, Niccoli L, et al.. Acute-phase reactants and the risk of relapse\/recurrence in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective followup study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005, 53:33-8. 10.1002\/art.20901","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/030097401753180327","article-title":"Prednisolone maintenance dose in relation to starting dose in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis. A prospective two-year study in 273 patients","volume":"30","author":"Myklebust G","year":"2001","unstructured":"Myklebust G, Gran JT. Prednisolone maintenance dose in relation to starting dose in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis. A prospective two-year study in 273 patients. Scand J Rheumatol. 2001, 30:260-7. 10.1080\/030097401753180327","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440240081012","article-title":"Polymyalgia rheumatica without significantly increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A more benign syndrome","volume":"157","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay MA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay MA, Rodr\u00edguez-Valverde V, Blanco R, Fern\u00e1ndez-Sueiro JL, Armona J, Figueroa M, Mart\u00ednez-Taboada VM. Polymyalgia rheumatica without significantly increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A more benign syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1997, 157:317-20. 10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440240081012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead137","article-title":"Biomarkers as predicting factors for relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: the importance of alkaline phosphatase","volume":"62","author":"Ishiguro K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ishiguro K, Yamashita H, Shimizu Y, Kaneko H. Biomarkers as predicting factors for relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: the importance of alkaline phosphatase. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023, 62:e288-90. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead137","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2177\/jsci.37.48","article-title":"Analysis of the relationship between polymyalgia rheumatica and matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels during the first medical examination and during treatment [Article in Japanese]","volume":"37","author":"Miyake K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miyake K, Katsuyama T. Analysis of the relationship between polymyalgia rheumatica and matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels during the first medical examination and during treatment [Article in Japanese]. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 2014, 37:48-54. 10.2177\/jsci.37.48","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2020.101580","article-title":"Liver involvement in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis","volume":"58","author":"Hysa E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hysa E, Castagna A, Manzo C. Liver involvement in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Reumatologia. 2020, 58:444-5. 10.5114\/reum.2020.101580","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2650-y","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-resistant polymyalgia rheumatica: pretreatment characteristics and tocilizumab therapy","volume":"35","author":"Mori S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mori S, Koga Y. Glucocorticoid-resistant polymyalgia rheumatica: pretreatment characteristics and tocilizumab therapy. Clin Rheumatol. 2016, 35:1367-75. 10.1007\/s10067-014-2650-y","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14000","article-title":"Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts glucocorticoid resistance in polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"24","author":"Owen CE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Owen CE, McMaster C, Liew DF, Leung JL, Scott AM, Buchanan RR. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts glucocorticoid resistance in polymyalgia rheumatica. Int J Rheum Dis. 2021, 24:56-62. 10.1111\/1756-185X.14000","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/368123-evaluation-of-the-glucocorticoid-sparing-effect-of-adding-methotrexate-in-polymyalgia-rheumatica-a-single-center-retrospective-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T08:03:14Z","timestamp":1753948994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/368123-evaluation-of-the-glucocorticoid-sparing-effect-of-adding-methotrexate-in-polymyalgia-rheumatica-a-single-center-retrospective-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.89107","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]}}}