{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:29:52Z","timestamp":1755221392019,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.89624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T16:18:07Z","timestamp":1754669887000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Updates on Interventional Radiology in Sudan: Training, Practice, and Students\u2019 Awareness and Interest, a University of Khartoum Perspective"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shafee S","family":"Almahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H","family":"Fadul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moayad A","family":"Elgassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soudad A","family":"Shila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdalla","family":"Fadul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-869570","article-title":"The evolution of interventional radiology","volume":"22","author":"Murphy TP","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murphy TP, Soares GM. The evolution of interventional radiology. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2005, 22:6-9. 10.1055\/s-2005-869570","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-1859-8","article-title":"\u201cSleeping beauty\u201d and her restless sleep: Charles Dotter and the birth of interventional radiology","volume":"107","author":"Gorry","unstructured":"Gorry, P., Ragouet, P. \u201cSleeping beauty\u201d and her restless sleep: Charles Dotter and the birth of interventional radiology. Scientometrics. 107:773-784. 10.1007\/s11192-016-1859-8","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20220197","article-title":"The current status of interventional radiology in the undergraduate medical curriculum and the way forward","volume":"96","author":"Osman FH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Osman FH, Koe JS, Lau ES, et al.. The current status of interventional radiology in the undergraduate medical curriculum and the way forward. Br J Radiol. 2023, 96:20220197. 10.1259\/bjr.20220197","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-104773","article-title":"White Paper: Curriculum in Interventional Radiology","volume":"189","author":"Mahnken AH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mahnken AH, B\u00fccker A, Hohl C, Berlis A. White Paper: Curriculum in Interventional Radiology. Rofo. 2017, 189:309-11. 10.1055\/s-0043-104773","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-021-02904-3","article-title":"CIRSE Clinical Practice Manual","volume":"44","author":"Mahnken AH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahnken AH, Boullosa Seoane E, Cannavale A, et al.. CIRSE Clinical Practice Manual. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2021, 44:1323-53. 10.1007\/s00270-021-02904-3","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-022-00344-9","article-title":"A prospective cross-sectional study assessing teaching of interventional radiology across 20 Australian medical schools, endorsed by the Australian Medical Students Association","volume":"5","author":"Clements W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clements W, Zia A, Srinivas A, Davis J, Goh GS. A prospective cross-sectional study assessing teaching of interventional radiology across 20 Australian medical schools, endorsed by the Australian Medical Students Association. CVIR Endovasc. 2022, 5:66. 10.1186\/s42155-022-00344-9","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.03.015","article-title":"Quality improvement guidelines for uterine artery embolization for symptomatic leiomyomas","volume":"21","author":"Stokes LS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stokes LS, Wallace MJ, Godwin RB, Kundu S, Cardella JF. Quality improvement guidelines for uterine artery embolization for symptomatic leiomyomas. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010, 21:1153-63. 10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.03.015","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(93)71939-9","article-title":"Surgery or Balloon Angioplasty for Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"5","author":"Wolf G. L.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wolf G. L., Wilson S. E., Cross A. P., Deupree R. H., & Stason W. B. . Surgery or Balloon Angioplasty for Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 1993, 5:639-648. 10.1016\/S1051-0443(93)71939-9","journal-title":"Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67704-5","article-title":"Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg (BASIL): multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"366","author":"Bradbury A. W.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bradbury A. W., Ruckley C. V., Fowkes F. G. R., Forbes J. F., Gillespie I., & Adam, D. J. .  Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg (BASIL): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005, 366:1925-1934. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67704-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/co.21.1829","article-title":"The role of interventional radiology in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Molla N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Molla N, AlMenieir N, Simoneau E, et al.. The role of interventional radiology in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Oncol. 2014, 21:e480-92. 10.3747\/co.21.1829","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.18.4.9672977","article-title":"Interventional radiology in the treatment of infertility: fallopian tube catheterization","volume":"18","author":"Thurmond AS","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thurmond AS. Interventional radiology in the treatment of infertility: fallopian tube catheterization. Radiographics. 1998, 18:919-22. 10.1148\/radiographics.18.4.9672977","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-013-0586-2","article-title":"Endovascular treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome: visual analog scale (VAS) long-term follow-up clinical evaluation in 202 patients","volume":"36","author":"Laborda A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laborda A, Medrano J, de Blas I, Urtiaga I, Carnevale FC, de Gregorio MA. Endovascular treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome: visual analog scale (VAS) long-term follow-up clinical evaluation in 202 patients. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2013, 36:1006-14. 10.1007\/s00270-013-0586-2","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-021-00251-5","article-title":"Prostate artery embolization: increasing self-referrals and awareness of treatment options","volume":"4","author":"Sharma H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma H, Maron SZ, Rastinehad AR, Fischman AM. Prostate artery embolization: increasing self-referrals and awareness of treatment options. CVIR Endovasc. 2021, 4:64. 10.1186\/s42155-021-00251-5","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Society of Interventional Radiology. IR Residency Training and Pathways.. Accessed. October 25, 2023: https:\/\/www.sirweb.org\/learning-center\/ir-residency\/."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Royal College of Radiologists. Interventional Radiology Specialty Training Curriculum.. Accessed. October 25, 2023: http:\/\/www.rcr.ac.uk."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Canadian Association for Interventional Radiology. Introduction to Interventional Radiology (IR) - CAIR. . Accessed. October 25, 2023: https:\/\/cairweb.ca\/en\/becoming-an-ir\/introduction-to-ir\/."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe. New group member. The Thai Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. Accessed: October 25, 2023: https:\/\/www.cirse.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Thailand-test.pdf."},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"FELLOWSHIP IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY (IR) (UKM) - Secretariat of Postgraduate Studies. . Accessed. October 25, 2023: https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/spsfper\/clinical_info\/fellowship-in-interventional-radiology-ir-ukm\/."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1742089","article-title":"Vascular and interventional radiology in Sudan","volume":"5","author":"Mohammed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammed, A. M. . Vascular and interventional radiology in Sudan. The Arab Journal of Interventional Radiology. 2021, 5:068-070. 10.1055\/s-0041-1742089","journal-title":"The Arab Journal of Interventional Radiology"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Interventional radiology services in Sudan - CVIR Endovascular - CIRSE\u2019s open access journal. (2023). Accessed. 2023, February 24: https:\/\/www.cvirendovascular.org\/2023\/02\/24\/interventional-radiology-services-in-sudan\/."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2019.19054","article-title":"Awareness of interventional radiology before professional training and outcome measurement of an interventional radiology curriculum: a survey of third-year undergraduates in a Chinese medical college","volume":"25","author":"Wang ZX","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang ZX, Shan T. Awareness of interventional radiology before professional training and outcome measurement of an interventional radiology curriculum: a survey of third-year undergraduates in a Chinese medical college. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2019, 25:375-9. 10.5152\/dir.2019.19054","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-009-9569-8","article-title":"A survey of interventional radiology awareness among final-year medical students in a European country","volume":"32","author":"Leong S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leong S, Keeling AN, Lee MJ. A survey of interventional radiology awareness among final-year medical students in a European country. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2009, 32:623-9. 10.1007\/s00270-009-9569-8","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-018-1995-z","article-title":"Interventional Radiology and Spanish Medical Students: A Survey of Knowledge and Interests in Preclinical and Clinical Courses","volume":"41","author":"de Gregorio MA","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Gregorio MA, Guirola JA, Sierre S, Serrano-Casorran C, Gimeno MJ, Urbano J. Interventional Radiology and Spanish Medical Students: A Survey of Knowledge and Interests in Preclinical and Clinical Courses. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2018, 41:1590-8. 10.1007\/s00270-018-1995-z","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.04.012","article-title":"Awareness, knowledge, and interest in interventional radiology among final year medical students in England","volume":"72","author":"Atiiga PA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Atiiga PA, Drozd M, Veettil R. Awareness, knowledge, and interest in interventional radiology among final year medical students in England. Clin Radiol. 2017, 72:795.e7-795.e12. 10.1016\/j.crad.2017.04.012","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2019.77","article-title":"Awareness of Interventional Radiology Among Medical Students at a Saudi Medical School: Clerkship versus Pre-clerkship Years","volume":"34","author":"Alnajjar SF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alnajjar SF, Alshamrani HM, Banasser AM, Alshehri HZ, Wazzan MA, Abduljabbar AH. Awareness of Interventional Radiology Among Medical Students at a Saudi Medical School: Clerkship versus Pre-clerkship Years. Oman Med J. 2019, 34:420-6. 10.5001\/omj.2019.77","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2009.12.397","article-title":"Making the case for early medical student education in interventional radiology: a survey of 2nd-year students in a single U.S. institution","volume":"21","author":"Ghatan CE","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ghatan CE, Kuo WT, Hofmann LV, Kothary N. Making the case for early medical student education in interventional radiology: a survey of 2nd-year students in a single U.S. institution. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010, 21:549-53. 10.1016\/j.jvir.2009.12.397","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2012.03.009","article-title":"Awareness and level of knowledge of interventional radiology among medical students at a Canadian institution","volume":"19","author":"O'Malley L","year":"2012","unstructured":"O'Malley L, Athreya S. Awareness and level of knowledge of interventional radiology among medical students at a Canadian institution. Acad Radiol. 2012, 19:894-901. 10.1016\/j.acra.2012.03.009","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1612-6","article-title":"Is it Time for a Specific Undergraduate Interventional Radiology Curriculum?","volume":"40","author":"Alsafi Z","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alsafi Z, Bhrugubanda V, Ramachandran S, Alsafi A, Hamady M. Is it Time for a Specific Undergraduate Interventional Radiology Curriculum?. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017, 40:1062-9. 10.1007\/s00270-017-1612-6","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02234-5","article-title":"Understanding the Awareness, Knowledge and Perceptions of Interventional Radiology Amongst Undergraduates in the UK","volume":"42","author":"Muzumdar S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muzumdar S, Dayal S, Mohamed M, Sandhu S, Singh S, Walker P. Understanding the Awareness, Knowledge and Perceptions of Interventional Radiology Amongst Undergraduates in the UK. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2019, 42:1459-65. 10.1007\/s00270-019-02234-5","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2019.03.004","article-title":"Are interventional radiology and allied specialities neglected in undergraduate medical education? A systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Emin EI","year":"2019","unstructured":"Emin EI, Ruhomauly Z, Theodoulou I, et al.. Are interventional radiology and allied specialities neglected in undergraduate medical education? A systematic review. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2019, 40:22-30. 10.1016\/j.amsu.2019.03.004","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-020-0104-y","article-title":"A prospective study integrating a curriculum of interventional radiology in undergraduate education: a tetra-core simulation model","volume":"3","author":"Theodoulou I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Theodoulou I, Louca C, Sideris M, et al.. A prospective study integrating a curriculum of interventional radiology in undergraduate education: a tetra-core simulation model. CVIR Endovasc. 2020, 3:12. 10.1186\/s42155-020-0104-y","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-015-1215-z","article-title":"The Introduction of an Undergraduate Interventional Radiology (IR) Curriculum: Impact on Medical Student Knowledge and Interest in IR","volume":"39","author":"Shaikh M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shaikh M, Shaygi B, Asadi H, Thanaratnam P, Pennycooke K, Mirza M, Lee M. The Introduction of an Undergraduate Interventional Radiology (IR) Curriculum: Impact on Medical Student Knowledge and Interest in IR. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2016, 39:514-21. 10.1007\/s00270-015-1215-z","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.2139","article-title":"Preclinical medical student training in radiology: the effect of early exposure","volume":"188","author":"Branstetter BF 4th","year":"2007","unstructured":"Branstetter BF 4th, Faix LE, Humphrey AL, Schumann JB. Preclinical medical student training in radiology: the effect of early exposure. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007, 188:W9-14. 10.2214\/AJR.05.2139","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/380173-updates-on-interventional-radiology-in-sudan-training-practice-and-students-awareness-and-interest-a-university-of-khartoum-perspective","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T16:18:08Z","timestamp":1754669888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/380173-updates-on-interventional-radiology-in-sudan-training-practice-and-students-awareness-and-interest-a-university-of-khartoum-perspective"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.89624","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]}}}