{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:23:41Z","timestamp":1785338621504,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.89934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T02:21:11Z","timestamp":1755051671000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Therapeutic Vasopressor Use for Postspinal Hypotension in Low-Risk Elective Cesarean Deliveries: A Systematic Review, Network Meta-Analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Arya","family":"Babul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohi","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Free","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momina","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najib","family":"Babul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003765.pub2","article-title":"Spinal versus epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section","volume":"2004","author":"Ng K","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ng K, Parsons J, Cyna AM, Middleton P. Spinal versus epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004, 2004:CD003765. 10.1002\/14651858.CD003765.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_730_18","article-title":"Category I caesarean delivery and preferred mode of anaesthesia: dilemma persists","volume":"62","author":"Gupta S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gupta S, Chhabra A. Category I caesarean delivery and preferred mode of anaesthesia: dilemma persists. Indian J Anaesth. 2018, 62:835-7. 10.4103\/ija.IJA_730_18","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002251.pub3","article-title":"Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section","volume":"8","author":"Chooi C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chooi C, Cox JJ, Lumb RS, et al.. Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017, 8:CD002251. 10.1002\/14651858.CD002251.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0001o.x","article-title":"Pathophysiological basis of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure","volume":"519 Pt 1","author":"Smit AA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smit AA, Halliwill JR, Low PA, Wieling W. Pathophysiological basis of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure. J Physiol. 1999, 519 Pt 1:1-10. 10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0001o.x","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1869189","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of norepinephrine and its feasibility as a replacement for phenylephrine to manage maternal hypotension during elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia","volume":"2018","author":"Wang X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang X, Shen X, Liu S, Yang J, Xu S. The efficacy and safety of norepinephrine and its feasibility as a replacement for phenylephrine to manage maternal hypotension during elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Biomed Res Int. 2018, 2018:1869189. 10.1155\/2018\/1869189","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Cesarean delivery","author":"Sung S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sung S, Mikes BA, Martingano DJ, Mahdy H. Cesarean delivery. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2025."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001152","article-title":"Norepinephrine for the prevention of spinal-induced hypotension during caesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia: randomised, double-blind, dose-finding study","volume":"37","author":"Wei C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei C, Qian J, Zhang Y, Chang X, Hu H, Xiao F. Norepinephrine for the prevention of spinal-induced hypotension during caesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia: randomised, double-blind, dose-finding study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020, 37:309-15. 10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001152","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2018.10.006","article-title":"Ephedrine versus phenylephrine as a vasopressor for spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension in parturients undergoing high-risk caesarean section: meta-analysis, meta-regression and trial sequential analysis","volume":"37","author":"Heesen M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heesen M, Rijs K, Hilber N, Ngan Kee WD, Rossaint R, van der Marel C, Klimek M. Ephedrine versus phenylephrine as a vasopressor for spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension in parturients undergoing high-risk caesarean section: meta-analysis, meta-regression and trial sequential analysis. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019, 37:16-28. 10.1016\/j.ijoa.2018.10.006","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111533","article-title":"Norepinephrine or phenylephrine for the prevention of post-spinal hypotension after caesarean section: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled study of fetal heart rate and fetal cardiac output","volume":"97","author":"Sun L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun L, Tang Y, Guo F, et al.. Norepinephrine or phenylephrine for the prevention of post-spinal hypotension after caesarean section: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled study of fetal heart rate and fetal cardiac output. J Clin Anesth. 2024, 97:111533. 10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111533","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_345_21","article-title":"Comparison of prophylactic phenylephrine and norepinephrine infusion on umbilical arterial pH and maternal blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery","volume":"66","author":"Singh J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh J, Singh J, Mitra S, Anand LK, Goel B, Kaur M. Comparison of prophylactic phenylephrine and norepinephrine infusion on umbilical arterial pH and maternal blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery. Indian J Anaesth. 2022, 66:S115-21. 10.4103\/ija.ija_345_21","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.99094","article-title":"The effect of phenylephrine infusion on maternal hemodynamic changes during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery","volume":"10","author":"Shafeinia A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shafeinia A, Ghaed MA, Nikoubakht N. The effect of phenylephrine infusion on maternal hemodynamic changes during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesth Pain Med. 2020, 10:e99094. 10.5812\/aapm.99094","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22514\/sv.2020.16.0094","article-title":"Vasopressors for managing maternal hypotension during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Ryu C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ryu C, Choi GJ, Park YH, Cho YJ, Kang H. Vasopressors for managing maternal hypotension during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Signa Vitae. 2021, 17:152-68. 10.22514\/sv.2020.16.0094","journal-title":"Signa Vitae"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013947","article-title":"Vasopressors for the management of maternal hypotension during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol","volume":"98","author":"Ryu C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ryu C, Choi GJ, Park YH, Kang H. Vasopressors for the management of maternal hypotension during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019, 98:e13947. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000013947","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-024-03344-2","article-title":"Epinephrine vs. phenylephrine infusion for prophylaxis against maternal hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Hassabelnaby YS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hassabelnaby YS, Hasanin AM, Shamardal M, Mostafa M, Zaki RM, Elsherbiny M, Refaat S. Epinephrine vs. phenylephrine infusion for prophylaxis against maternal hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. J Anesth. 2024, 38:500-7. 10.1007\/s00540-024-03344-2","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metip.2023.100120","article-title":"Use and misuse of corrections for multiple testing","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez MA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez MA. Use and misuse of corrections for multiple testing. Methods Psychol. 2023, 8:100120. 10.1016\/j.metip.2023.100120","journal-title":"Methods Psychol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.11.017","article-title":"Prioritizing GWAS results: a review of statistical methods and recommendations for their application","volume":"86","author":"Cantor RM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cantor RM, Lange K, Sinsheimer JS. Prioritizing GWAS results: a review of statistical methods and recommendations for their application. Am J Hum Genet. 2010, 86:6-22. 10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.11.017","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002182","article-title":"A review of the impact of obstetric anesthesia on maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"129","author":"Lim G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lim G, Facco FL, Nathan N, Waters JH, Wong CA, Eltzschig HK. A review of the impact of obstetric anesthesia on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2018, 129:192-215. 10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002182","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-025-08799-6","article-title":"Lack of reproducibility of trial sequential analyses: a meta-epidemiological study","volume":"26","author":"Xing X","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xing X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Murad MH, Lin L. Lack of reproducibility of trial sequential analyses: a meta-epidemiological study. Trials. 2025, 26:93. 10.1186\/s13063-025-08799-6","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Current practice in obstetric anesthesia: a 2012 European survey","volume":"80","author":"Staikou C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Staikou C, Paraskeva A, Karmaniolou I, Mani A, Chondrogiannis K. Current practice in obstetric anesthesia: a 2012 European survey. Minerva Anestesiol. 2014, 80:347-54.","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000451683.66447.89","article-title":"JBI's systematic reviews: data extraction and synthesis","volume":"114","author":"Munn Z","year":"2014","unstructured":"Munn Z, Tufanaru C, Aromataris E. JBI's systematic reviews: data extraction and synthesis. Am J Nurs. 2014, 114:49-54. 10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000451683.66447.89","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al.. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019, 366:l4898. 10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt GH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008, 336:924-6. 10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12746\/swjm.v13i55.1445","article-title":"The surface under the cumulative ranking curve","volume":"13","author":"Yang S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang S, Berdine G. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve. The Southwest Journal of Medicine. 2025, 13:35-8. 10.12746\/swjm.v13i55.1445","journal-title":"The Southwest Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17085\/apm.21038","article-title":"Trial sequential analysis: novel approach for meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Kang H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kang H. Trial sequential analysis: novel approach for meta-analysis. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul). 2021, 16:138-50. 10.17085\/apm.21038","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med (Seoul)"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"The effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine on maternal hemodynamic changes and neonatal acid-base Status during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery","volume":"23","author":"Amiri HA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amiri HA, Banihashem N, Naziri F, Rabiee M, Ghasemi A, Shirkhani Z, ShaKohee M. The effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine on maternal hemodynamic changes and neonatal acid-base Status during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2013, 23:117-24.","journal-title":"J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjan.2020.04.017","article-title":"The effect of epinephrine for the treatment of spinal-hypotension: comparison with norepinephrine and phenylephrine, clinical trial (Article in Portuguese)","volume":"70","author":"Biricik E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biricik E, Karacaer F, \u00dcnal \u0130, Sucu M, \u00dcnl\u00fcgen\u00e7 H. The effect of epinephrine for the treatment of spinal-hypotension: comparison with norepinephrine and phenylephrine, clinical trial (Article in Portuguese). Braz J Anesthesiol. 2020, 70:500-7. 10.1016\/j.bjan.2020.04.017","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17085\/apm.2020.15.1.53","article-title":"Systemic hemodynamic effects of norepinephrine versus phenylephrine in intermittent bolus doses during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery","volume":"15","author":"Cho WJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cho WJ, Cho SY, Lee AR. Systemic hemodynamic effects of norepinephrine versus phenylephrine in intermittent bolus doses during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul). 2020, 15:53-60. 10.17085\/apm.2020.15.1.53","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med (Seoul)"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijca.2025.021","article-title":"Comparison of intermittent intravenous bolus of phenylephrine and noradrenaline in management of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension in elective cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Das S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Das S, Roy S, Hembrom BP, Bhattacharya D, Choudhury A. Comparison of intermittent intravenous bolus of phenylephrine and noradrenaline in management of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension in elective cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial. Indian J Clin Anaesth. 2025, 12:139-44. 10.18231\/j.ijca.2025.021","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Anaesth"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14225","article-title":"Incidence of bradycardia during noradrenaline or phenylephrine bolus treatment of postspinal hypotension in cesarean delivery: a randomized double-blinded controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"de Queiroz DV","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Queiroz DV, Velarde LG, Alves RL, Ver\u00e7osa N, Cavalcanti IL. Incidence of bradycardia during noradrenaline or phenylephrine bolus treatment of postspinal hypotension in cesarean delivery: a randomized double-blinded controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2023, 67:797-803. 10.1111\/aas.14225","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2010.13905","article-title":"Vasopressor choice for hypotension in elective cesarean section: ephedrine or phenylephrine?","volume":"6","author":"Gunda CP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gunda CP, Malinowski J, Tegginmath A, Suryanarayana VG, Chandra SB. Vasopressor choice for hypotension in elective cesarean section: ephedrine or phenylephrine?. Arch Med Sci. 2010, 6:257-63. 10.5114\/aoms.2010.13905","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-020-01004-y","article-title":"Comparison of two norepinephrine rescue bolus for management of post-spinal hypotension during cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Hassabelnaby YS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hassabelnaby YS, Hasanin AM, Adly N, et al.. Comparison of two norepinephrine rescue bolus for management of post-spinal hypotension during cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020, 20:84. 10.1186\/s12871-020-01004-y","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03994.x","article-title":"Randomised trial of intravenous infusion of ephedrine or mephentermine for management of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section","volume":"60","author":"Kansal A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kansal A, Mohta M, Sethi AK, Tyagi A, Kumar P. Randomised trial of intravenous infusion of ephedrine or mephentermine for management of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Anaesthesia. 2005, 60:28-34. 10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03994.x","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e328319c153","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of combined spinal epidural vs. spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section: vasopressor requirements and cardiovascular changes","volume":"26","author":"Macfarlane AJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Macfarlane AJ, Pryn A, Litchfield KN, Bryden F, Young S, Weir C, McGrady EM. Randomised controlled trial of combined spinal epidural vs. spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section: vasopressor requirements and cardiovascular changes. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2009, 26:47-51. 10.1097\/EJA.0b013e328319c153","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1504300111","article-title":"Effect of different phenylephrine bolus doses for treatment of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective caesarean section","volume":"43","author":"Mohta M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohta M, Harisinghani P, Sethi AK, Agarwal D. Effect of different phenylephrine bolus doses for treatment of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective caesarean section. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015, 43:74-80. 10.1177\/0310057X1504300111","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2018.12.002","article-title":"Comparison of the potency of phenylephrine and norepinephrine bolus doses used to treat post-spinal hypotension during elective caesarean section","volume":"38","author":"Mohta M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohta M, Dubey M, Malhotra RK, Tyagi A. Comparison of the potency of phenylephrine and norepinephrine bolus doses used to treat post-spinal hypotension during elective caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019, 38:25-31. 10.1016\/j.ijoa.2018.12.002","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14675","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of phenylephrine and noradrenaline boluses for treatment of postspinal hypotension during elective caesarean section","volume":"74","author":"Mohta M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohta M, Garg A, Chilkoti GT, Malhotra RK. A randomised controlled trial of phenylephrine and noradrenaline boluses for treatment of postspinal hypotension during elective caesarean section. Anaesthesia. 2019, 74:850-5. 10.1111\/anae.14675","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001880","article-title":"A random-allocation graded dose-response study of norepinephrine and phenylephrine for treating hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery","volume":"127","author":"Ngan Kee WD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ngan Kee WD. A random-allocation graded dose-response study of norepinephrine and phenylephrine for treating hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology. 2017, 127:934-41. 10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001880","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.05.057","article-title":"Norepinephrine or phenylephrine during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: a randomised double-blind pragmatic non-inferiority study of neonatal outcome","volume":"125","author":"Ngan Kee WD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ngan Kee WD, Lee SW, Ng FF, Lee A. Norepinephrine or phenylephrine during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: a randomised double-blind pragmatic non-inferiority study of neonatal outcome. Br J Anaesth. 2020, 125:588-95. 10.1016\/j.bja.2020.05.057","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2009.02.007","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal effects of bolus administration of ephedrine and phenylephrine during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: a randomised study","volume":"19","author":"Prakash S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Prakash S, Pramanik V, Chellani H, Salhan S, Gogia AR. Maternal and neonatal effects of bolus administration of ephedrine and phenylephrine during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: a randomised study. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2010, 19:24-30. 10.1016\/j.ijoa.2009.02.007","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_481_19","article-title":"Comparison of norepinephrine and phenylephrine boluses for the treatment of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section-a randomised controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"Puthenveettil N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Puthenveettil N, Sivachalam SN, Rajan S, Paul J, Kumar L. Comparison of norepinephrine and phenylephrine boluses for the treatment of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section-a randomised controlled trial. Indian J Anaesth. 2019, 63:995-1000. 10.4103\/ija.IJA_481_19","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Comparison of prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine with ephedrine for prevention of hypotension in elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesi: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Moslemi F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moslemi F, Rasooli S. Comparison of prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine with ephedrine for prevention of hypotension in elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesi: a randomized clinical trial. Iran J Med Sci. 2015, 40:19-26.","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2024.10.012","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of norepinephrine versus phenylephrine for post-spinal hypotension in preeclamptic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"303","author":"Ahmed S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmed S, Ahmad E, Fatima E, et al.. Efficacy and safety of norepinephrine versus phenylephrine for post-spinal hypotension in preeclamptic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2024, 303:91-8. 10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2024.10.012","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2024.2393379","article-title":"Prophylactic norepinephrine infusion to treat hypotension after spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section: a meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Zhang C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang C, Qiu J, Huang Y, Tan R. Prophylactic norepinephrine infusion to treat hypotension after spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section: a meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2024, 44:2393379. 10.1080\/01443615.2024.2393379","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02819-9","article-title":"Comparison of vasopressors for management of hypotension in high-risk caesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Zhao S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao S, Chen Q, Qin P, Liu L, Wei K. Comparison of vasopressors for management of hypotension in high-risk caesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol. 2024, 24:447. 10.1186\/s12871-024-02819-9","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000007156","article-title":"Comparison of phenylephrine bolus and infusion regimens on maternal and fetal outcomes during cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Garg H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garg H, Narayanan M R V, Khanna P, Yalla B. Comparison of phenylephrine bolus and infusion regimens on maternal and fetal outcomes during cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2024, 139:1144-55. 10.1213\/ANE.0000000000007156","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.01.013","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 19. Assessing the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes or values and preferences-risk of bias and indirectness","volume":"111","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Alonso-Coello P, Guyatt GH, et al.. GRADE guidelines: 19. Assessing the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes or values and preferences-risk of bias and indirectness. J Clin Epidemiol. 2019, 111:94-104. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.01.013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/399736-therapeutic-vasopressor-use-for-postspinal-hypotension-in-low-risk-elective-cesarean-deliveries-a-systematic-review-network-meta-analysis-and-trial-sequential-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T02:21:14Z","timestamp":1755051674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/399736-therapeutic-vasopressor-use-for-postspinal-hypotension-in-low-risk-elective-cesarean-deliveries-a-systematic-review-network-meta-analysis-and-trial-sequential-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.89934","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}}}